Patricia M Sheean, P. O'Connor, Cara J. Joyce, V. Vasilopoulos, Ami Badami, M. Stolley
Black men treated with frontline therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) show better clinical outcomes than non-Black men receiving similar treatments. Variations in body composition may contribute to these findings. However, preliminary data are required to support this concept. We conducted a retrospective cohort study for all men with MPC evaluated at our center over a 4-year period, collecting demographic and clinical data (N = 74). Of these, 55 men had diagnostic computed tomography images to quantify adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, specifically sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Nineteen men had repeat imaging to explore changes over time. Frequencies, medians, interquartile ranges, and time to event analyses (hazard ratios (HR); confidence interval (CI)) are presented, stratified by race. Overall, 49% (n = 27) of men had sarcopenia, 49% (n = 27) had myosteatosis, and 29% (n = 16) had sarcopenia and myosteatosis simultaneously. No significant relationship between body mass index (Log-rank p=0.86; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.45–2.49) or sarcopenia (Log-rankp=0.92; HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.46–2.19) and overall survival was observed. However, the presence of myosteatosis at diagnosis was associated with decreased overall survival (Log-rank p=0.09; HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.05–5.23), with more pronounced (statistically nonsignificant) negative associations for Black (HR: 4.39, 95% CI: 0.92–21.1, p=0.06) versus non-Black men (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.79–4.54, p=0.16). Over the median 12.5 months between imaging, the median decline in skeletal muscle was 4% for all men. Black men displayed a greater propensity to gain more adipose tissue than non-Black men, specifically subcutaneous (p=0.01). Because of the potential for Type II errors in this pilot, future studies should seek to further evaluate the implications of body composition on outcomes. This will require larger, adequately powered investigations with diverse patient representation.
{"title":"Clinical Features and Body Composition in Men with Hormone-Sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study Examining Differences by Race","authors":"Patricia M Sheean, P. O'Connor, Cara J. Joyce, V. Vasilopoulos, Ami Badami, M. Stolley","doi":"10.1155/2022/9242243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9242243","url":null,"abstract":"Black men treated with frontline therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) show better clinical outcomes than non-Black men receiving similar treatments. Variations in body composition may contribute to these findings. However, preliminary data are required to support this concept. We conducted a retrospective cohort study for all men with MPC evaluated at our center over a 4-year period, collecting demographic and clinical data (N = 74). Of these, 55 men had diagnostic computed tomography images to quantify adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, specifically sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Nineteen men had repeat imaging to explore changes over time. Frequencies, medians, interquartile ranges, and time to event analyses (hazard ratios (HR); confidence interval (CI)) are presented, stratified by race. Overall, 49% (n = 27) of men had sarcopenia, 49% (n = 27) had myosteatosis, and 29% (n = 16) had sarcopenia and myosteatosis simultaneously. No significant relationship between body mass index (Log-rank p=0.86; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.45–2.49) or sarcopenia (Log-rankp=0.92; HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.46–2.19) and overall survival was observed. However, the presence of myosteatosis at diagnosis was associated with decreased overall survival (Log-rank p=0.09; HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.05–5.23), with more pronounced (statistically nonsignificant) negative associations for Black (HR: 4.39, 95% CI: 0.92–21.1, p=0.06) versus non-Black men (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.79–4.54, p=0.16). Over the median 12.5 months between imaging, the median decline in skeletal muscle was 4% for all men. Black men displayed a greater propensity to gain more adipose tissue than non-Black men, specifically subcutaneous (p=0.01). Because of the potential for Type II errors in this pilot, future studies should seek to further evaluate the implications of body composition on outcomes. This will require larger, adequately powered investigations with diverse patient representation.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89907934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Manneh, R. Brugés, J. Correa, J. Rojas, Daniel Rojas, N. Villareal
Most prostate cancer patients who undergo androgen-deprivation therapy or orchiectomy will eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), often preceded by a nonmetastatic CRPC state known as M0CRPC. The recent development of second-generation antiandrogens provides clinicians with efficacious and safe treatments for M0CRPC. However, the complexity of these patients, who typically have to deal with underlying comorbidities and polypharmacy, often challenges therapeutic decisions in this setting. The recent development of novel imaging techniques also provides clinicians with tools for detecting metastases with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the lack of evidence on the early detection of metastases and the corresponding impact on therapeutic decisions makes these techniques a double-edged sword that must be managed appropriately. Here, we present the expert view of the rapidly evolving concept of M0CRPC and provide recommendations for the identification of these patients, the appropriate use of the emerging imaging modalities, and patients’ management, particularly considering their clinical complexity and the recent development of next-generation antiandrogens.
{"title":"Management of Patients with Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Recommendations of a Multidisciplinary Panel of Experts from South America","authors":"R. Manneh, R. Brugés, J. Correa, J. Rojas, Daniel Rojas, N. Villareal","doi":"10.1155/2021/3334333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3334333","url":null,"abstract":"Most prostate cancer patients who undergo androgen-deprivation therapy or orchiectomy will eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), often preceded by a nonmetastatic CRPC state known as M0CRPC. The recent development of second-generation antiandrogens provides clinicians with efficacious and safe treatments for M0CRPC. However, the complexity of these patients, who typically have to deal with underlying comorbidities and polypharmacy, often challenges therapeutic decisions in this setting. The recent development of novel imaging techniques also provides clinicians with tools for detecting metastases with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the lack of evidence on the early detection of metastases and the corresponding impact on therapeutic decisions makes these techniques a double-edged sword that must be managed appropriately. Here, we present the expert view of the rapidly evolving concept of M0CRPC and provide recommendations for the identification of these patients, the appropriate use of the emerging imaging modalities, and patients’ management, particularly considering their clinical complexity and the recent development of next-generation antiandrogens.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80356282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.DIAGNOSTICS.2021
Mrcs Danielle Whiting, Md Frcs Febu Simon Rj Bott
ABSTRACT How prostate cancer is diagnosed and staged is an ever-evolving field. It plays a fundamental role in ensuring the appropriate therapeutic options are offered to the patient whilst preventing overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Despite the numerous advances in the field, a suspicion of prostate cancer continues to arise from digital rectal examination and measurement of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). Additional derivatives of serum PSA along with urinary biomarkers and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can then help to risk stratify patients in order to appropriately counsel them on the risks and benefits of a prostate biopsy. After a diagnosis of prostate cancer is reached, further staging may be required and can be achieved by a variety of imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), bone scintigraphy, and prostate specific membrane antigen-based positron-emission tomography/CT. In this chapter, we review the current role of these and other diagnostic tools in prostate cancer.
{"title":"Current Diagnostics for Prostate Cancer","authors":"Mrcs Danielle Whiting, Md Frcs Febu Simon Rj Bott","doi":"10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.DIAGNOSTICS.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.DIAGNOSTICS.2021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000How prostate cancer is diagnosed and staged is an ever-evolving field. It plays a fundamental role in ensuring the appropriate therapeutic options are offered to the patient whilst preventing overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Despite the numerous advances in the field, a suspicion of prostate cancer continues to arise from digital rectal examination and measurement of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). Additional derivatives of serum PSA along with urinary biomarkers and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can then help to risk stratify patients in order to appropriately counsel them on the risks and benefits of a prostate biopsy. After a diagnosis of prostate cancer is reached, further staging may be required and can be achieved by a variety of imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), bone scintigraphy, and prostate specific membrane antigen-based positron-emission tomography/CT. In this chapter, we review the current role of these and other diagnostic tools in prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86598540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.TRANSLATIONALSCIENCE.2021
Tao Wang, B. Lewis, Ameer L. Elaimy, M. Ruscetti, M. Sokoloff, Kriti Mittal, T. Fitzgerald
ABSTRACT Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a common malignancy affecting one in nine men, with six of every 10 cases identified in men older than 66 years, and more adversely affects African American males. It remains less common in men under the age of 40. The age adjusted incidence is increasing with the application of prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a biomarker. PSA helps identifying the disease at an early stage, which is treatable and curable with traditional therapies. However, a significant percentage of men present with high Gleason grade and advanced disease, with lower PSA, and younger age at presentation. These patients can have a compromised outcome. Once again, we are evaluating patients under the age of 50 with advanced disease due in part to inconsistent application of clinical screening. More effort is needed for high-risk patients to provide timely, meaningful intervention and effective therapy. In this chapter, we review the status of therapy for standard and high-risk patients, and strategies for translational science for patients at risk of compromised outcome and treatment failure.
{"title":"Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: Future Directions for Translational Science","authors":"Tao Wang, B. Lewis, Ameer L. Elaimy, M. Ruscetti, M. Sokoloff, Kriti Mittal, T. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.TRANSLATIONALSCIENCE.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.TRANSLATIONALSCIENCE.2021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a common malignancy affecting one in nine men, with six of every 10 cases identified in men older than 66 years, and more adversely affects African American males. It remains less common in men under the age of 40. The age adjusted incidence is increasing with the application of prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a biomarker. PSA helps identifying the disease at an early stage, which is treatable and curable with traditional therapies. However, a significant percentage of men present with high Gleason grade and advanced disease, with lower PSA, and younger age at presentation. These patients can have a compromised outcome. Once again, we are evaluating patients under the age of 50 with advanced disease due in part to inconsistent application of clinical screening. More effort is needed for high-risk patients to provide timely, meaningful intervention and effective therapy. In this chapter, we review the status of therapy for standard and high-risk patients, and strategies for translational science for patients at risk of compromised outcome and treatment failure.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75470094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.PATHOGENESIS.2021
T. Murray, Mscr
ABSTRACT Prostate cancer is a major cause of pathology in men world-wide and is age-related. Rare in the under 40s, a third of all those over 80 have been shown to have prostate lesions at autopsy. Both hereditary and molecular influences appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. Androgenic receptors play a major role in most, but not all, prostate cancers. The cell type involved is related to the aggressiveness of the malignancy. Of those that develop the disease, some die with prostate cancer, others because of it. Over 90% of the cancers are adenocarcinomas. The likelihood of progression of the disease can, but only to a degree, be predicted on histological examination, according to the Gleason Scale and its modifications. These assess degrees of tissue differentiation. Use of blood levels of prostate specific antigen levels as an indication of the activity of tumors is also not straightforward. Our understanding of the disease mechanisms needs further expansion if we are to advance diagnosis of aggressive tumors and develop more effective therapies.
{"title":"The Pathogenesis of Prostate Cancer","authors":"T. Murray, Mscr","doi":"10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.PATHOGENESIS.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.PATHOGENESIS.2021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Prostate cancer is a major cause of pathology in men world-wide and is age-related. Rare in the under 40s, a third of all those over 80 have been shown to have prostate lesions at autopsy. Both hereditary and molecular influences appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. Androgenic receptors play a major role in most, but not all, prostate cancers. The cell type involved is related to the aggressiveness of the malignancy. Of those that develop the disease, some die with prostate cancer, others because of it. Over 90% of the cancers are adenocarcinomas. The likelihood of progression of the disease can, but only to a degree, be predicted on histological examination, according to the Gleason Scale and its modifications. These assess degrees of tissue differentiation. Use of blood levels of prostate specific antigen levels as an indication of the activity of tumors is also not straightforward. Our understanding of the disease mechanisms needs further expansion if we are to advance diagnosis of aggressive tumors and develop more effective therapies.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86835785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.EPIDEMIOLOGY.2021
S. Giona
ABSTRACT Prostate cancer is the third most common diagnosed malignancy. It is a heterogeneous disease with incidence rates that vary substantially across the world, from 6.3 to 83.4 per 100,000 people. Age-standardized incidence rates are the highest in Northern Europe and lowest in South Central Asia. Men of African origin are more prone to the disease compared with other ethnicities. Mortality rates differ significantly from incidence rates, with the highest figures in the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa and Micronesia/Polynesia. This chapter provides an overview of the global trends in epidemiology of prostate cancer. Incidence and mortality rates in the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia, and Oceania are presented.
{"title":"The Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer","authors":"S. Giona","doi":"10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.EPIDEMIOLOGY.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.EPIDEMIOLOGY.2021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Prostate cancer is the third most common diagnosed malignancy. It is a heterogeneous disease with incidence rates that vary substantially across the world, from 6.3 to 83.4 per 100,000 people. Age-standardized incidence rates are the highest in Northern Europe and lowest in South Central Asia. Men of African origin are more prone to the disease compared with other ethnicities. Mortality rates differ significantly from incidence rates, with the highest figures in the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa and Micronesia/Polynesia. This chapter provides an overview of the global trends in epidemiology of prostate cancer. Incidence and mortality rates in the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia, and Oceania are presented.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91270285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.ETIOLOGY.2021
K. Ng
While the exact etiology of prostate cancer remains elusive, various modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors have been suggested as contributing factors. These include age, ethnicity, family history, genetics, obesity, diet, hormones, smoking, alcohol, and certain medications; however, none of these, perhaps with the exception of ethnicity and age, has been conclusively proven to be a definite etiological factor for prostate cancer. Men of black African ancestry are more prone to the disease. The probability of developing prostate cancer increases with age, from 0.005% in men younger than 39 years of age to 2.2% in men between 40 and 59 years, and 13.7% in men between 60 and 79 years. A better understanding of the environmental, genetic, nutritional, hormonal, and molecular landscape that shape the etiology and pathophysiology of prostate cancer will lead to better preventative strategies, enhanced diagnostic pathways, and improved management of the disease. This chapter provides an overview of the current understanding of the etiology of prostate cancer.
{"title":"The Etiology of Prostate Cancer","authors":"K. Ng","doi":"10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.ETIOLOGY.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.ETIOLOGY.2021","url":null,"abstract":"While the exact etiology of prostate cancer remains elusive, various modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors have been suggested as contributing factors. These include age, ethnicity, family history, genetics, obesity, diet, hormones, smoking, alcohol, and certain medications; however, none of these, perhaps with the exception of ethnicity and age, has been conclusively proven to be a definite etiological factor for prostate cancer. Men of black African ancestry are more prone to the disease. The probability of developing prostate cancer increases with age, from 0.005% in men younger than 39 years of age to 2.2% in men between 40 and 59 years, and 13.7% in men between 60 and 79 years. A better understanding of the environmental, genetic, nutritional, hormonal, and molecular landscape that shape the etiology and pathophysiology of prostate cancer will lead to better preventative strategies, enhanced diagnostic pathways, and improved management of the disease. This chapter provides an overview of the current understanding of the etiology of prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73675723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.MUCIN1.2021
A. Kapoor, Yan Gu, Xiaozeng Lin, Jingyi Peng, P. Major, D. Tang
ABSTRACT Despite extensive research efforts in prostate cancer for the last several decades, the disease remains a leading cause of cancer death in men in the developed world. A typical feature of prostate cancer initiation and progression is the landscape of genetic alterations, which changes the expression patterns of numerous molecules in prostate epithelial cells, where the disease originates. These aberrantly expressed proteins are tumor-associated antigens. Their uniqueness in tumors offers an avenue not only in advancing our understanding of prostate cancer but also in the search for better diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Mucin 1 is one of the most well-characterized tumor-associated antigens. The protein is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated following prostate cancer development, and influences certain disease factors including disease initiation, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Mucin 1 possesses value as a biomarker in predicting prostate cancer prognosis and has been studied as a therapeutic target. This chapter provides an overview of the impact of Mucin 1 on prostate cancer and its clinical values.
{"title":"MUCIN 1 in Prostate Cancer","authors":"A. Kapoor, Yan Gu, Xiaozeng Lin, Jingyi Peng, P. Major, D. Tang","doi":"10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.MUCIN1.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.MUCIN1.2021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Despite extensive research efforts in prostate cancer for the last several decades, the disease remains a leading cause of cancer death in men in the developed world. A typical feature of prostate cancer initiation and progression is the landscape of genetic alterations, which changes the expression patterns of numerous molecules in prostate epithelial cells, where the disease originates. These aberrantly expressed proteins are tumor-associated antigens. Their uniqueness in tumors offers an avenue not only in advancing our understanding of prostate cancer but also in the search for better diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Mucin 1 is one of the most well-characterized tumor-associated antigens. The protein is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated following prostate cancer development, and influences certain disease factors including disease initiation, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Mucin 1 possesses value as a biomarker in predicting prostate cancer prognosis and has been studied as a therapeutic target. This chapter provides an overview of the impact of Mucin 1 on prostate cancer and its clinical values.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88664569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.COMBINATIONTREATMENT.2021
Dannah R. Miller, Matthew A. Ingersoll, Benjamin A. Teply, M. Lin
ABSTRACT Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. While localized prostate cancer has an excellent prognosis for patients, about one-third of patients are diagnosed with high-risk disease, including metastatic cancer. The 5-year survival rate of metastatic prostate cancer is only about 30%. Due to the androgen dependence of prostate cancer cells, androgen-deprivation therapy is the standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer, which includes both surgical and medical approaches. Nevertheless, androgen-deprivation therapy in general is not curative; patients can develop castration-resistant prostate cancer. Despite current chemotherapies, including the utilization of novel androgen signaling inhibitors and immunotherapy, patients still succumb to the disease. Hence, castration-resistant prostate cancer is a lethal disease. Combination treatment is a strategy for treating this lethal disease and thus will be the focus of discussion in this chapter.
{"title":"Combination Treatment Options for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer","authors":"Dannah R. Miller, Matthew A. Ingersoll, Benjamin A. Teply, M. Lin","doi":"10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.COMBINATIONTREATMENT.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.COMBINATIONTREATMENT.2021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. While localized prostate cancer has an excellent prognosis for patients, about one-third of patients are diagnosed with high-risk disease, including metastatic cancer. The 5-year survival rate of metastatic prostate cancer is only about 30%. Due to the androgen dependence of prostate cancer cells, androgen-deprivation therapy is the standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer, which includes both surgical and medical approaches. Nevertheless, androgen-deprivation therapy in general is not curative; patients can develop castration-resistant prostate cancer. Despite current chemotherapies, including the utilization of novel androgen signaling inhibitors and immunotherapy, patients still succumb to the disease. Hence, castration-resistant prostate cancer is a lethal disease. Combination treatment is a strategy for treating this lethal disease and thus will be the focus of discussion in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81880129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.P53.2021
Miriam Teroerde, C. Nientiedt, A. Duensing, M. Hohenfellner, A. Stenzinger, S. Duensing
ABSTRACT Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are among the most common genetic aberrations in cancer. In prostate cancer, the role of mutant TP53 remains incompletely understood. Initially, mutations in TP53 were considered late events during malignant progression and associated with metastatic dissemination and castration resistance. However, recent studies report an inactivation of TP53 at an unexpectedly high frequency in primary as well as metastatic castration-naive prostate cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the biology of p53, the relevance of TP53 mutations for prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance, and its potential role as a marker to identify patients who require more intensified treatment.
{"title":"Revisiting the Role of p53 in Prostate Cancer","authors":"Miriam Teroerde, C. Nientiedt, A. Duensing, M. Hohenfellner, A. Stenzinger, S. Duensing","doi":"10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.P53.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36255/EXONPUBLICATIONS.PROSTATECANCER.P53.2021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are among the most common genetic aberrations in cancer. In prostate cancer, the role of mutant TP53 remains incompletely understood. Initially, mutations in TP53 were considered late events during malignant progression and associated with metastatic dissemination and castration resistance. However, recent studies report an inactivation of TP53 at an unexpectedly high frequency in primary as well as metastatic castration-naive prostate cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the biology of p53, the relevance of TP53 mutations for prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance, and its potential role as a marker to identify patients who require more intensified treatment.","PeriodicalId":87076,"journal":{"name":"Clinical prostate cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81244305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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