Background: This study aimed to conduct a macro-morphometric evaluation of the primary reproductive organs, specifically the testes, in Turkey tom. Methods: Twelve healthy, mature birds, with weights ranging from 5.450±0.12 kg to 7.570±0.51 kg, and ages between 28 weeks and 48 weeks, were sourced from the SMA Organic Agro Farm in Belgari and surrounding turkey farms in the Sherpur upazilla of Bogura district. Testicular measurements were performed along with their macroscopic description. Results: The testes were found on the sides of the body's midline, underneath the kidneys, and at the back of the lungs. At 28 weeks of age, the turkey tom's testes were measured. The left testis had a length of 3.74±22.38 cm, width of 2.08±2.63 cm, thickness of 1.87±5.93 cm, and weighed 9.50±12.01 gm, while the right testis measured 3.55±4.50 cm in length, 1.95±2.48 cm in width, 1.58±1.99 cm in thickness, and weighed 7.83±9.91 gm. The average live body weight at this stage was 5.670±7.17 kg. At 48 weeks old, the turkey tom weighed around 7.800±9.86 kg. The left testis measured about 4.15±5.26 cm in length, 2.40±9.29 cm in width, 1.92±5.92 cm in thickness, and weighed approximately 10.50±13.28 gm. On the other hand, the right testis was around 3.57±4.51 cm long, 2.04±2.58 cm wide, 1.72±2.18 cm thick, and weighed about 9.33±11.80 gm. Conclusions: Our study shows that as the Turkey tom grows up, its testes change in size and weight. We noticed that the left testis is consistently bigger and heavier than the right one. This suggests that the left testis gets larger as the turkey tom gets older. The reason for such differences could be explored in future research.
{"title":"Biometric and Morphometric Characteristics of Turkey Testes in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Parvez, K. Sumon, S. Rashid","doi":"10.33109/bjvmjj2023am1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33109/bjvmjj2023am1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to conduct a macro-morphometric evaluation of the primary reproductive organs, specifically the testes, in Turkey tom.\u0000Methods: Twelve healthy, mature birds, with weights ranging from 5.450±0.12 kg to 7.570±0.51 kg, and ages between 28 weeks and 48 weeks, were sourced from the SMA Organic Agro Farm in Belgari and surrounding turkey farms in the Sherpur upazilla of Bogura district. Testicular measurements were performed along with their macroscopic description.\u0000Results: The testes were found on the sides of the body's midline, underneath the kidneys, and at the back of the lungs. At 28 weeks of age, the turkey tom's testes were measured. The left testis had a length of 3.74±22.38 cm, width of 2.08±2.63 cm, thickness of 1.87±5.93 cm, and weighed 9.50±12.01 gm, while the right testis measured 3.55±4.50 cm in length, 1.95±2.48 cm in width, 1.58±1.99 cm in thickness, and weighed 7.83±9.91 gm. The average live body weight at this stage was 5.670±7.17 kg. At 48 weeks old, the turkey tom weighed around 7.800±9.86 kg. The left testis measured about 4.15±5.26 cm in length, 2.40±9.29 cm in width, 1.92±5.92 cm in thickness, and weighed approximately 10.50±13.28 gm. On the other hand, the right testis was around 3.57±4.51 cm long, 2.04±2.58 cm wide, 1.72±2.18 cm thick, and weighed about 9.33±11.80 gm.\u0000Conclusions: Our study shows that as the Turkey tom grows up, its testes change in size and weight. We noticed that the left testis is consistently bigger and heavier than the right one. This suggests that the left testis gets larger as the turkey tom gets older. The reason for such differences could be explored in future research.","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77054190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66130
M. Mahtab
Fatty liver is a global pandemic and Bangladesh is no exception. Specially high prevalence of diabetes, improved socio-economic condition is contributing to the growing trend of fatty liver in Bangladesh. Currently there is no definite pharmacologic therapy for fatty liver although some drugs are showing promise and as of now life style modification remains the only option. Bangladesh has a rich heritage of traditional medicine with coexistence of Hekimi or Muslim and Ayurveda or Hindu traditional medicines within the political boundary of today’s Bangladesh. However today’s unfortunate reality remains that in Bangladesh, we have not been able to retain our glory. It is now one of our principal research focuses to revive our traditional herbal medicine. We have already demonstrated the beneficial effects of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (joshtimodhu) in end stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently we are focusing on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We are exploring the prospects of Kalmegh (Andrographispaniculata), Milk thistle (Silybummarianum), Arjun (Terminaliaarjuna) and Moringa (Moringaoleifera). We are collaborating with a galaxy of public-private universities in our humble effort to revive our glory. Our initial experience with Kalomegh in fatty liver is encouraging. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 188
{"title":"Management of Fatty Liver: What Evidence Says?","authors":"M. Mahtab","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66130","url":null,"abstract":"Fatty liver is a global pandemic and Bangladesh is no exception. Specially high prevalence of diabetes, improved socio-economic condition is contributing to the growing trend of fatty liver in Bangladesh. Currently there is no definite pharmacologic therapy for fatty liver although some drugs are showing promise and as of now life style modification remains the only option. Bangladesh has a rich heritage of traditional medicine with coexistence of Hekimi or Muslim and Ayurveda or Hindu traditional medicines within the political boundary of today’s Bangladesh. However today’s unfortunate reality remains that in Bangladesh, we have not been able to retain our glory. It is now one of our principal research focuses to revive our traditional herbal medicine. We have already demonstrated the beneficial effects of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (joshtimodhu) in end stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently we are focusing on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We are exploring the prospects of Kalmegh (Andrographispaniculata), Milk thistle (Silybummarianum), Arjun (Terminaliaarjuna) and Moringa (Moringaoleifera). We are collaborating with a galaxy of public-private universities in our humble effort to revive our glory. Our initial experience with Kalomegh in fatty liver is encouraging.\u0000Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 188","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73910706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66094
U. Ghosh
Emerging infections are defined as newly appeared infections in a population or infections have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. They are caused by various factors, including zoonotic diseases, climate change, and global travel but these are mainly due to viral infections. For example, SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is believed to have originated in bats and was transmitted to humans through an intermediate animal host. Similarly, Zika virus, which caused an outbreak in Brazil in 2015, is spread by Aedes mosquitoes and has been linked to increased global travel. A public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) is a formal declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) which is an extraordinary event to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of a serious, sudden, unusual or unexpected disease and it potentially require a coordinated international response” to combat spread beyond the affected state’s national border” and “may require immediate international action”. SEVEN infections were declared PHEIC – in this millennium and these are: SARS – 2004, H1N1 influenza pandemic - 2009, Ebola (West African outbreak - 2013-20and outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo 2018-2020,Poliomyelitis - 2014,Zika –2016,COVID-19 -2020 – 22,Monkey Pox - July, 2022.Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a rarely and deadly disease, common in sub-Saharan Africa, very much infectious, can manifest as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Four variants and case fatality rates range from 25 to 90 percent. Fever, headache, bodyache, muscle pain, pain abdomen with GI symptoms are common clinical features. Rapid antigen detection tests by semiautomated nucleic acid tests help in diagnosis. Management is mainly supportive. In 2020, USA FDA approved the use of INMAZEB & EBANGA, monoclonal antibodies for Zaire ebolavirus. Corona virus or Covid 19 virus, medium sized, enveloping a positive – stranded RNA virus commonly affects respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract resulting much mortalities and morbidities in human populations. Though vaccinations are helpful to combat the disease but mutations may result a human epidemic. Monkey pox virus is a DS DNA virus, zoonotic mild disease and fatality rate of around 3-6%. Cases are found in India mainly in Kerala and Delhi. Three stages of monkey pox are febrile, rash and recovery stages and diagnosis by RT-PCR from lesions and body fluids. ZIKA virus- SS RNA virus discovered in Uganda, transmission by mosquito bite and other modes vertical and sexual. Most cases are asymptomatic but may present as fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, conjunctivitis and etc. Congenital Zika Syndrome results decreased brain growth. Diagnosis is usually done by serology – Zika IgM antibody. Treatment is supportive. In conclusion, five out of seven PHEIC of this Millennium occurred in last decade all are zoonotic in nature. Monkey Pox, Ebola, Zika along
{"title":"Emerging infections","authors":"U. Ghosh","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66094","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging infections are defined as newly appeared infections in a population or infections have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. They are caused by various factors, including zoonotic diseases, climate change, and global travel but these are mainly due to viral infections. For example, SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is believed to have originated in bats and was transmitted to humans through an intermediate animal host. Similarly, Zika virus, which caused an outbreak in Brazil in 2015, is spread by Aedes mosquitoes and has been linked to increased global travel. A public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) is a formal declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) which is an extraordinary event to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of a serious, sudden, unusual or unexpected disease and it potentially require a coordinated international response” to combat spread beyond the affected state’s national border” and “may require immediate international action”. SEVEN infections were declared PHEIC – in this millennium and these are: SARS – 2004, H1N1 influenza pandemic - 2009, Ebola (West African outbreak - 2013-20and outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo 2018-2020,Poliomyelitis - 2014,Zika –2016,COVID-19 -2020 – 22,Monkey Pox - July, 2022.Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a rarely and deadly disease, common in sub-Saharan Africa, very much infectious, can manifest as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Four variants and case fatality rates range from 25 to 90 percent. Fever, headache, bodyache, muscle pain, pain abdomen with GI symptoms are common clinical features. Rapid antigen detection tests by semiautomated nucleic acid tests help in diagnosis. Management is mainly supportive. In 2020, USA FDA approved the use of INMAZEB & EBANGA, monoclonal antibodies for Zaire ebolavirus. Corona virus or Covid 19 virus, medium sized, enveloping a positive – stranded RNA virus commonly affects respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract resulting much mortalities and morbidities in human populations. Though vaccinations are helpful to combat the disease but mutations may result a human epidemic. Monkey pox virus is a DS DNA virus, zoonotic mild disease and fatality rate of around 3-6%. Cases are found in India mainly in Kerala and Delhi. Three stages of monkey pox are febrile, rash and recovery stages and diagnosis by RT-PCR from lesions and body fluids. ZIKA virus- SS RNA virus discovered in Uganda, transmission by mosquito bite and other modes vertical and sexual. Most cases are asymptomatic but may present as fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, conjunctivitis and etc. Congenital Zika Syndrome results decreased brain growth. Diagnosis is usually done by serology – Zika IgM antibody. Treatment is supportive. In conclusion, five out of seven PHEIC of this Millennium occurred in last decade all are zoonotic in nature. Monkey Pox, Ebola, Zika along","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74669624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66166
M. Wahed
Any birth that takes place three weeks or more before the baby’s due date is a premature birth. Prematurity is a public health problem worldwide. Every year, 15 million infants are born premature, accounting for a prevalence of 11% in 84 surveyed countries. Premature births alone account for a quarter of all neonatal deaths. Survivors of premature births have high rates of postnatal morbidities. With the development technologies and medical procedures, the morbidities are increasing due to improving survival of borderline viable cases. The prevalence of cerebral palsy, intellectual and cognitive dysfunction, retinopathy, hearing loss, epilepsy, ADHD and autistic disorder are more in babies born preterm. The risk of cerebral palsy is 8- 10 times higher in preterm infants and nearly 30 times higher in infants born <32 weeks. Children born preterm have an average 12.9 IQ points lower than term born controls and these children face difficulty in making communication, executive functioning and cognition. ADHD and autism spectrum disorders are frequently diagnosed (OR 3.3) in children born preterm. ROP associated blindness is 10% in high income countries and 40% in middle and low income countries. As many as 10% children born preterm have hearing loss and 35% suffer from different types of epilepsy. Adequate antenatal check-up and immediate postnatal care are key issues to reduce or prevent neurological sequelae in survivors of premature birth. J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 212
{"title":"Prematurity and Neurological Sequelae","authors":"M. Wahed","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66166","url":null,"abstract":"Any birth that takes place three weeks or more before the baby’s due date is a premature birth. Prematurity is a public health problem worldwide. Every year, 15 million infants are born premature, accounting for a prevalence of 11% in 84 surveyed countries. Premature births alone account for a quarter of all neonatal deaths. Survivors of premature births have high rates of postnatal morbidities. With the development technologies and medical procedures, the morbidities are increasing due to improving survival of borderline viable cases. The prevalence of cerebral palsy, intellectual and cognitive dysfunction, retinopathy, hearing loss, epilepsy, ADHD and autistic disorder are more in babies born preterm. The risk of cerebral palsy is 8- 10 times higher in preterm infants and nearly 30 times higher in infants born <32 weeks. Children born preterm have an average 12.9 IQ points lower than term born controls and these children face difficulty in making communication, executive functioning and cognition. ADHD and autism spectrum disorders are frequently diagnosed (OR 3.3) in children born preterm. ROP associated blindness is 10% in high income countries and 40% in middle and low income countries. As many as 10% children born preterm have hearing loss and 35% suffer from different types of epilepsy. Adequate antenatal check-up and immediate postnatal care are key issues to reduce or prevent neurological sequelae in survivors of premature birth.\u0000J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 212 ","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87879063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66137
R. Biswas
Disorders of puberty can profoundly impact physical and psychosocial well-being. Delayed puberty is the absence of breast development in girls by 13 years of age and absence of testicular growth to at least 4 mL in volume or 2.5 cm in length in boys by 14 years of age. Hypogonadism occurs when there is a disruption in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Two categories of delayed puberty are: hypergonadotropic (primary) hypogonadism and hypogonadotropic (secondary) hypogonadism. The etiology of delayed puberty varies from relatively benign to life threatening conditions, which may be either congenital or acquired. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is the commonest cause of delayed puberty, which is a diagnosis of exclusion. There is a notable delay in puberty but eventually progress through normal stages of puberty. History concerns about stature are often present and a familial pattern of inheritance is usually present. Delayed bone age but corresponding to height age helps in diagnosis. Reversible hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may be observed due to associated conditions including chronic malnutrition, systemic disease, untreated hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, anorexia nervosa. Permanent causes include structural damage either to hypothalamic-pituitary axis or linked to the sexual organs of the individual. Complete physical examination should include proper anthropometry, pubertal staging and assessment to look for any signs of chronic illness or stigmata of syndromes. In laboratory analysis, hypogonadotropichypogonadism (pHH) showing low serum testosterone or estradiol and blunted follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) levels may be due to abnormalities in the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to exclude morphological abnormalities and neoplasia. Low serum testosterone in male patients and low estradiol values in female patients, associated with high serum FSH and LH levels, suggest a diagnosis of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to dysfunction of peripheral sex organs. Abnormal growth velocity necessitates assessment of serum thyroid function, prolactin, and insulin like growth factor-1. Karyotyping can reveal a chromosomal abnormality like Turner syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome. Beside reassurance, in cases where the adolescent with CDGP is experiencing psychological difficulties, short courses of sex hormones may be used to allow individuals to catch up with their peers. Definitive treatment for underlying cause is worthy where possible. Long-term hormone replacement therapy is recommended for permanent causes of delayed puberty. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 192
{"title":"Delayed puberty: How to approach?","authors":"R. Biswas","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66137","url":null,"abstract":"Disorders of puberty can profoundly impact physical and psychosocial well-being. Delayed puberty is the absence of breast development in girls by 13 years of age and absence of testicular growth to at least 4 mL in volume or 2.5 cm in length in boys by 14 years of age. Hypogonadism occurs when there is a disruption in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Two categories of delayed puberty are: hypergonadotropic (primary) hypogonadism and hypogonadotropic (secondary) hypogonadism. The etiology of delayed puberty varies from relatively benign to life threatening conditions, which may be either congenital or acquired. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is the commonest cause of delayed puberty, which is a diagnosis of exclusion. There is a notable delay in puberty but eventually progress through normal stages of puberty. History concerns about stature are often present and a familial pattern of inheritance is usually present. Delayed bone age but corresponding to height age helps in diagnosis. Reversible hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may be observed due to associated conditions including chronic malnutrition, systemic disease, untreated hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, anorexia nervosa. Permanent causes include structural damage either to hypothalamic-pituitary axis or linked to the sexual organs of the individual. Complete physical examination should include proper anthropometry, pubertal staging and assessment to look for any signs of chronic illness or stigmata of syndromes. In laboratory analysis, hypogonadotropichypogonadism (pHH) showing low serum testosterone or estradiol and blunted follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) levels may be due to abnormalities in the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to exclude morphological abnormalities and neoplasia. Low serum testosterone in male patients and low estradiol values in female patients, associated with high serum FSH and LH levels, suggest a diagnosis of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to dysfunction of peripheral sex organs. Abnormal growth velocity necessitates assessment of serum thyroid function, prolactin, and insulin like growth factor-1. Karyotyping can reveal a chromosomal abnormality like Turner syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome. Beside reassurance, in cases where the adolescent with CDGP is experiencing psychological difficulties, short courses of sex hormones may be used to allow individuals to catch up with their peers. Definitive treatment for underlying cause is worthy where possible. Long-term hormone replacement therapy is recommended for permanent causes of delayed puberty.\u0000Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 192","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87215165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66133
Md. Rafiquzzaman Khan
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired low platelet count resulting from immune-mediated platelet destruction and/ or impaired platelet production. Primary ITP is idiopathic and secondary ITP is associated with another conditions. The incidence is 1 to 6 per 100,000 adults. ITPmay present without symptom or present with bleeding. Bleeding manifestations are minor (skin/mucous membrane), critical (e.g. intracranial, intraocular, retroperitoneal, intramuscular bleeding etc) and severe (fall in hemoglobin of 2 g/dL or requires transfusion of e”2 units of red cells).ITP is diagnosed on the basis of isolated thrombocytopenia without anemia or leukopenia. There are no reliable laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. The aim of treatment of ITP is to provide a safe platelet count to prevent bleeding, rather than to normalize the platelet count. Treatment options of ITP are the Firstline therapies, second-line therapies and therapies. First-line therapy are for patients with severe bleeding and platelet count <30x10^9/L, which includes platelet transfusion, glucocorticoids (e.g. methylprednisolone, 1 g IV, daily for 3 doses; or dexamethasone, 40 mg orally or IV, daily for four days), IVIG and IV globulin. Second-line therapy is indicated for patients with thrombocytopenia associated with significant bleeding or for severe, persistent or recurrent thrombocytopenia (e.g., platelet count <20x10^9/L) following glucocorticoid-based treatments. Secondline therapies include splenectomy, rituximab, thrombopoietin receptor agonist or immunosuppressive therapy. Other therapies include danazol, vincristine, procarbazine, etoposide etc, or combination therapy. Indications of treatment are (1).Severe bleeding and platelet count <30x10^9/L. (2). Newly diagnosed ITP and any clinically important bleeding (3) Newly diagnosed ITP and platelet count <20x10^9/L, even in absence of bleeding (4) Patients with platelet counts >30x10^9/L having risk of bleeding, other hemostatic defects or require surgery.Spontaneous remission occurs in up to 10% of adults with ITP. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 189-190
{"title":"Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia in adults: Treatment Updates","authors":"Md. Rafiquzzaman Khan","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66133","url":null,"abstract":"Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired low platelet count resulting from immune-mediated platelet destruction and/ or impaired platelet production. Primary ITP is idiopathic and secondary ITP is associated with another conditions. The incidence is 1 to 6 per 100,000 adults. ITPmay present without symptom or present with bleeding. Bleeding manifestations are minor (skin/mucous membrane), critical (e.g. intracranial, intraocular, retroperitoneal, intramuscular bleeding etc) and severe (fall in hemoglobin of 2 g/dL or requires transfusion of e”2 units of red cells).ITP is diagnosed on the basis of isolated thrombocytopenia without anemia or leukopenia. There are no reliable laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. The aim of treatment of ITP is to provide a safe platelet count to prevent bleeding, rather than to normalize the platelet count. Treatment options of ITP are the Firstline therapies, second-line therapies and therapies. First-line therapy are for patients with severe bleeding and platelet count <30x10^9/L, which includes platelet transfusion, glucocorticoids (e.g. methylprednisolone, 1 g IV, daily for 3 doses; or dexamethasone, 40 mg orally or IV, daily for four days), IVIG and IV globulin. Second-line therapy is indicated for patients with thrombocytopenia associated with significant bleeding or for severe, persistent or recurrent thrombocytopenia (e.g., platelet count <20x10^9/L) following glucocorticoid-based treatments. Secondline therapies include splenectomy, rituximab, thrombopoietin receptor agonist or immunosuppressive therapy. Other therapies include danazol, vincristine, procarbazine, etoposide etc, or combination therapy. Indications of treatment are (1).Severe bleeding and platelet count <30x10^9/L. (2). Newly diagnosed ITP and any clinically important bleeding (3) Newly diagnosed ITP and platelet count <20x10^9/L, even in absence of bleeding (4) Patients with platelet counts >30x10^9/L having risk of bleeding, other hemostatic defects or require surgery.Spontaneous remission occurs in up to 10% of adults with ITP.\u0000Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 189-190","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86655486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66155
R. Mondal, Susanto Barman, Maha Jamal, M. Rani, Shahed Jahan, Muhammad Mahbub Hussain, Md Kumruzzaman Sarker, Md Mahfuzer Rahman, M. A. Islam, Md Zakir Hossain
Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability and death. A significant number of patients with acute stroke dies within 30 days of developing stroke. The aim of the study was to determine the short-termmortality (within 30 days) in acute stroke patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in the Department of Medicine of Rangpur Medical College Hospital. Date was collected for 6 months (from January to June). Results: During the study period, we studied of 248 acute stroke patients, among them 110 were hemorrhagic and 138 were ischemic. Mean age of the patients were 56.02 years in hemorrhagic stroke and 61.26 years in ischemic stroke. In case of hemorrhagic stroke, short term mortality was 45.5% (50), among them in hospital death was 88% (44) and majority of the deaths occurred with in the first 7 days. Mortality was significantly higher among patients with larger hematomas (>60 cm3) compared to subjects with smaller hematomas (<30 cm3). Short term mortality was 18.1% in ischemic stroke. Infarction size more than 10 mm2, total anterior circulation syndrome (TACS) and GCS less than 10 at presentation were significantly associated with short term mortality. Conclusion: Short-term mortality was high in acute hemorrhagic stroke than acute ischemic stroke. In hemorrhagic stroke larger hematoma, GCS at presentation, ventricular extension and in case of ischemic stroke size of the infarction, arterial territory involvement and GCS were predictor of mortality. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 205
{"title":"Short-term of mortality in acute stroke patients","authors":"R. Mondal, Susanto Barman, Maha Jamal, M. Rani, Shahed Jahan, Muhammad Mahbub Hussain, Md Kumruzzaman Sarker, Md Mahfuzer Rahman, M. A. Islam, Md Zakir Hossain","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66155","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability and death. A significant number of patients with acute stroke dies within 30 days of developing stroke. The aim of the study was to determine the short-termmortality (within 30 days) in acute stroke patients.\u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in the Department of Medicine of Rangpur Medical College Hospital. Date was collected for 6 months (from January to June).\u0000Results: During the study period, we studied of 248 acute stroke patients, among them 110 were hemorrhagic and 138 were ischemic. Mean age of the patients were 56.02 years in hemorrhagic stroke and 61.26 years in ischemic stroke. In case of hemorrhagic stroke, short term mortality was 45.5% (50), among them in hospital death was 88% (44) and majority of the deaths occurred with in the first 7 days. Mortality was significantly higher among patients with larger hematomas (>60 cm3) compared to subjects with smaller hematomas (<30 cm3). Short term mortality was 18.1% in ischemic stroke. Infarction size more than 10 mm2, total anterior circulation syndrome (TACS) and GCS less than 10 at presentation were significantly associated with short term mortality.\u0000Conclusion: Short-term mortality was high in acute hemorrhagic stroke than acute ischemic stroke. In hemorrhagic stroke larger hematoma, GCS at presentation, ventricular extension and in case of ischemic stroke size of the infarction, arterial territory involvement and GCS were predictor of mortality.\u0000Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 205 ","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90682841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66139
M. Mahmud
Laser therapy is a newly adopted surgical option in Dermatology. Targeted photo-thermolysis with minimal injury to the surrounding tissue is the principle of laser therapy. It became popular in affluent society for its aesthetic use. Regarding rejuvenation, pigmented lesions, and unwanted hair removal laser therapy is superior to other available options. Laser therapy is an excellent option for vascular lesions like hemangioma, telangiectasia, and port wine stain. The most commonly used laser is CO2laser. It can be used to ablate growth and resurface scars and wrinkles. The advantages of laser therapy over conventional surgery are less chance of bleeding, scarring, and infections. Laser therapy is a unique option for tattoo removal. In many dermatological diseases, laser therapy shows some glimpses of light where other options failed. In every aspect laser therapy is a modern smart way to treat skin problems. But it is costly and not reachable to common people. There is a false belief in patients that lasers can cure all skin diseases. Practically a minor portion of skin diseases can be managed by laser therapy. Only laser cannot change your skin according to your expectation rather you need filler, botulinum toxin, chemical peel, medications, and sometimes plastic surgery along with laser therapy. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 193
{"title":"Laser Therapy in Dermatology: Hopes or Hype?","authors":"M. Mahmud","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66139","url":null,"abstract":"Laser therapy is a newly adopted surgical option in Dermatology. Targeted photo-thermolysis with minimal injury to the surrounding tissue is the principle of laser therapy. It became popular in affluent society for its aesthetic use. Regarding rejuvenation, pigmented lesions, and unwanted hair removal laser therapy is superior to other available options. Laser therapy is an excellent option for vascular lesions like hemangioma, telangiectasia, and port wine stain. The most commonly used laser is CO2laser. It can be used to ablate growth and resurface scars and wrinkles. The advantages of laser therapy over conventional surgery are less chance of bleeding, scarring, and infections. Laser therapy is a unique option for tattoo removal. In many dermatological diseases, laser therapy shows some glimpses of light where other options failed. In every aspect laser therapy is a modern smart way to treat skin problems. But it is costly and not reachable to common people. There is a false belief in patients that lasers can cure all skin diseases. Practically a minor portion of skin diseases can be managed by laser therapy. Only laser cannot change your skin according to your expectation rather you need filler, botulinum toxin, chemical peel, medications, and sometimes plastic surgery along with laser therapy.\u0000Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 193","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89693889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66126
Shahnoor Sarmin
Pregnancy is a cardiovascular and metabolic challenge to the human female body.During pregnancy, systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure decrease, whereas cardiac output and blood volume increase to safeguard an adequate circulation in the utero-placental arterial bed.Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect approximately from 5 to 10% of all pregnant women, and are the main contributors of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertension in pregnancy includes a wide spectrum of conditions, including pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, chronic hypertension, and gestational hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and an exaggerated inflammatory response are features related to hypertensive disorders. To reduce the risk of maternal and foetal complications due to haemodynamic maladaptation, the current management includes rest at home or in the hospital, closes monitoring of maternal and foetal signs and symptoms, early start of antihypertensive therapy, and timely delivery regarding maternal and foetal survival chances. Thresholds to initiate blood pressure lowering treatment during pregnancy are 160 mmHg systole or 110 mmHg diastole. Below these thresholds, treatment must be individualized because current evidence does not support aggressive medical interventions. Alpha-methyldopa and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are among the recommended antihypertensives. The major goal is to prevent maternal complications without compromising uteroplacental perfusion and fetal circulation. Before an antihypertensive agent is prescribed, the potential risk to the fetus from intrauterine drug exposure should be carefully reviewed. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 186
{"title":"Hypertension in pregnancy: challenges in the management","authors":"Shahnoor Sarmin","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66126","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is a cardiovascular and metabolic challenge to the human female body.During pregnancy, systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure decrease, whereas cardiac output and blood volume increase to safeguard an adequate circulation in the utero-placental arterial bed.Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect approximately from 5 to 10% of all pregnant women, and are the main contributors of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertension in pregnancy includes a wide spectrum of conditions, including pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, chronic hypertension, and gestational hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and an exaggerated inflammatory response are features related to hypertensive disorders. To reduce the risk of maternal and foetal complications due to haemodynamic maladaptation, the current management includes rest at home or in the hospital, closes monitoring of maternal and foetal signs and symptoms, early start of antihypertensive therapy, and timely delivery regarding maternal and foetal survival chances. Thresholds to initiate blood pressure lowering treatment during pregnancy are 160 mmHg systole or 110 mmHg diastole. Below these thresholds, treatment must be individualized because current evidence does not support aggressive medical interventions. Alpha-methyldopa and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are among the recommended antihypertensives. The major goal is to prevent maternal complications without compromising uteroplacental perfusion and fetal circulation. Before an antihypertensive agent is prescribed, the potential risk to the fetus from intrauterine drug exposure should be carefully reviewed. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 186","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135139868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66134
Md Mostafil Karim, Huque Mahfuz, Mohammed Mosleh Uddin, Abul Kashem Khan, Shahina Akhter
Worldwide, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is one of the curative options of treatment for hematological malignancies and other hematological diseases. In few recent years, in Bangladesh, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has started and improved significantly, especially in patients with hematological malignancies & nonmalignant hematological diseases. As one of the leading BMT Center, CMH Dhaka has started BMT 8 years ago with the successful case of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (Allo-HSCT) which was first time in Bangladesh. It was a historic event and landmark achievements in the history of Medical Science of Bangladesh as Allo-HSCT Bone Marrow Transplantation comparatively have a higher risk of life-threatening complications than Auto-HSCT. Till date, Dhaka CMH BMT Center has successfully completed 65 Bone Marrow Transplantation (48 Auto- HSCT & 17 Allo-HSCT). It is an amazing milestone and advancement in medicine of Bangladesh. A series of tests (Like-Hematological profile, Extensive infection screening, Heart function test, Lung function test, Bone Marrow Study, Bone density scan, PET-scan, CT-scan, Chest X-ray, HLA Typing etc.) and procedures can assess general health and the status of patient‘s condition. The tests and procedures also ensure that patient is physically prepared for the transplant. The evaluation may take several days or more. In the days and weeks after bone marrow transplant, BMT specialists do blood tests and other tests to monitor patient‘s condition. They may need medicine to manage complications, such as nausea and diarrhea. After bone marrow transplant, the patient remains under close medical care. If a patient experiencing infections or other complications, he/ she may need to stay in the hospital for several days or longer for close monitoring. Patients may need periodic transfusions of red blood cells and platelets until bone marrow begins producing enough of those cells on its own. Patient needs follow up and Transplant Physician supervision till death. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 191
{"title":"Bone Marrow Transplantation: Pre and after care","authors":"Md Mostafil Karim, Huque Mahfuz, Mohammed Mosleh Uddin, Abul Kashem Khan, Shahina Akhter","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i20.66134","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is one of the curative options of treatment for hematological malignancies and other hematological diseases. In few recent years, in Bangladesh, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has started and improved significantly, especially in patients with hematological malignancies & nonmalignant hematological diseases. As one of the leading BMT Center, CMH Dhaka has started BMT 8 years ago with the successful case of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (Allo-HSCT) which was first time in Bangladesh. It was a historic event and landmark achievements in the history of Medical Science of Bangladesh as Allo-HSCT Bone Marrow Transplantation comparatively have a higher risk of life-threatening complications than Auto-HSCT. Till date, Dhaka CMH BMT Center has successfully completed 65 Bone Marrow Transplantation (48 Auto- HSCT & 17 Allo-HSCT). It is an amazing milestone and advancement in medicine of Bangladesh. A series of tests (Like-Hematological profile, Extensive infection screening, Heart function test, Lung function test, Bone Marrow Study, Bone density scan, PET-scan, CT-scan, Chest X-ray, HLA Typing etc.) and procedures can assess general health and the status of patient‘s condition. The tests and procedures also ensure that patient is physically prepared for the transplant. The evaluation may take several days or more. In the days and weeks after bone marrow transplant, BMT specialists do blood tests and other tests to monitor patient‘s condition. They may need medicine to manage complications, such as nausea and diarrhea. After bone marrow transplant, the patient remains under close medical care. If a patient experiencing infections or other complications, he/ she may need to stay in the hospital for several days or longer for close monitoring. Patients may need periodic transfusions of red blood cells and platelets until bone marrow begins producing enough of those cells on its own. Patient needs follow up and Transplant Physician supervision till death. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 191","PeriodicalId":8721,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135139872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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