Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.16
I. T. Siraj, B. Abdullahi
Complexes formed from the interaction of Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) with Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and valine have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of melting point/decomposition temperature, solubility, molar conductance, UV spectroscopy and infrared spectral analysis. The Schiff base melted at a temperature of 208oC while the synthesized metal (II) complexes decomposed at a temperature range of 220-241°C. All the complexes were found to be soluble in water and DMSO but insoluble in acetonitrile, ether and hexane. Octahedral geometry around these metal ions has been proposed on the basis of magnetic and spectral studies. The synthesized Schiff base as well as the complexes were tested against the bacterial strains comprising Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia (Gram negative) and two fungal species; Aspergillus fumigatus and mucor species. A comparative study of inhibition values of the Schiff base and its complexes indicated that the complexes exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the free ligand.
{"title":"Synthesis, antimicrobial activities of metal (ii) complexes from salicylaldehyde and valine Schiff base","authors":"I. T. Siraj, B. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Complexes formed from the interaction of Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) with Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and valine have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of melting point/decomposition temperature, solubility, molar conductance, UV spectroscopy and infrared spectral analysis. The Schiff base melted at a temperature of 208oC while the synthesized metal (II) complexes decomposed at a temperature range of 220-241°C. All the complexes were found to be soluble in water and DMSO but insoluble in acetonitrile, ether and hexane. Octahedral geometry around these metal ions has been proposed on the basis of magnetic and spectral studies. The synthesized Schiff base as well as the complexes were tested against the bacterial strains comprising Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia (Gram negative) and two fungal species; Aspergillus fumigatus and mucor species. A comparative study of inhibition values of the Schiff base and its complexes indicated that the complexes exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the free ligand.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74410521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. M. Sani, F. Bello, S. Dalha, M. Abbas, N. Mujahid, A. Ado, A. Adamu, M. Nuraddeen
Zika virus infection is one of the emerging often neglected viral infections in Africa. A study to determine the seroprevalence of Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection among HIV Positive Pregnant Women in Dutse, Jigawa state, Nigeria was conducted. A total of 89 HIV positive pregnant women were randomly selected for the study. Samples were collected between February, 2020 and March, 2021 from Rashid Shekoni specialist Hospital and Dutse General Hospital respectively. A standard rapid immuno-chromatographic technique that is; rapid ELISA was used to screen all the sera for IgM antibodies to Zika virus in addition to haematological analysis using Automated Haematological Analyser (Sysmex, KX-21N). Result has shown that out of the 89 participants enrolled, 4 (4.5%) of them were infected with Zika virus. Seventy-five Percent (75%) of the study participants had PCV below 30% and Lymphocytes below 20%. It was also found that, 75% of the participants that have Zika virus infection were in their first trimester of pregnancy. It can be concluded that, there is a low sero-prevalence of ZIKV infection in the study population. However, the need for public health authorities to provide quick response for the prevention of transmission of Zika virus in the state cannot be overemphasized. Hospital delivery among HIV positive pregnant women co-infected with Zika virus should be encouraged in Jigawa State to prevent vertical transmission to their babies.
{"title":"Serological detection of Zika Virus infection among HIV infected pregnant women in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria","authors":"N. M. Sani, F. Bello, S. Dalha, M. Abbas, N. Mujahid, A. Ado, A. Adamu, M. Nuraddeen","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus infection is one of the emerging often neglected viral infections in Africa. A study to determine the seroprevalence of Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection among HIV Positive Pregnant Women in Dutse, Jigawa state, Nigeria was conducted. A total of 89 HIV positive pregnant women were randomly selected for the study. Samples were collected between February, 2020 and March, 2021 from Rashid Shekoni specialist Hospital and Dutse General Hospital respectively. A standard rapid immuno-chromatographic technique that is; rapid ELISA was used to screen all the sera for IgM antibodies to Zika virus in addition to haematological analysis using Automated Haematological Analyser (Sysmex, KX-21N). Result has shown that out of the 89 participants enrolled, 4 (4.5%) of them were infected with Zika virus. Seventy-five Percent (75%) of the study participants had PCV below 30% and Lymphocytes below 20%. It was also found that, 75% of the participants that have Zika virus infection were in their first trimester of pregnancy. It can be concluded that, there is a low sero-prevalence of ZIKV infection in the study population. However, the need for public health authorities to provide quick response for the prevention of transmission of Zika virus in the state cannot be overemphasized. Hospital delivery among HIV positive pregnant women co-infected with Zika virus should be encouraged in Jigawa State to prevent vertical transmission to their babies. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83306095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.19
Y. Tijjani
Consolidated functionalized carbon nanotubes/silica refractory ceramic nanocomposites (FCNTs/silica) were fabricated by pressureless sintering technique. Thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites with various amounts of carbon nanotubes (0, 1, and 4 wt.%) were investigated. The thermal conductivity increases with temperature, 1 wt. % FCNTs/silica nanocomposite gave the highest thermal conductivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising reinforcement for improving thermal conductivity of the silica refractory ceramics.
{"title":"High temperature applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [v]: thermal conductivity of CNTs reinforced silica nanocomposite","authors":"Y. Tijjani","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Consolidated functionalized carbon nanotubes/silica refractory ceramic nanocomposites (FCNTs/silica) were fabricated by pressureless sintering technique. Thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites with various amounts of carbon nanotubes (0, 1, and 4 wt.%) were investigated. The thermal conductivity increases with temperature, 1 wt. % FCNTs/silica nanocomposite gave the highest thermal conductivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising reinforcement for improving thermal conductivity of the silica refractory ceramics.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79574985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.12
M. U. Useh, G. Etuk-Udoh, D. Uzama
This work assessed heavy metals [Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb)] concentrations and microbial load in the tissue (skin, fillet and gills) of some frozen fishes [Clupea harengus (herring), Scomber scombrus (Mackerel), Urophycis tenuis (White hake)] sold in Utako market using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and standard microbiological procedures. The results obtained revealed that the concentrations of all the heavy metals determined except Zinc (Zn) were above the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits in fresh water fish and fishery products. The total aerobic plate count (APC) was between 2.15×103 cfu/g and 47.6×103 cfu/g, total coliform count ranged from 1.85 × 103 cfu/g to 2.03 × 103 cfu/g and fungal counts ranged between 6.02x102 cfu/g and 18.3x102 cfu/g. The microbiological study showed that the skin had more load compared to other studied tissues and in all, the microbial load except APC also exceeded the FAO/WHO acceptable limits for frozen fish products. This study indicated that the products were not ideal for consumption due to bioaccumulation of these heavy metals and the issue of post-harvest contaminants that can multiply in case of defrosting which may impact negatively on the consumers. It is recommended that there should be proper handling and examination of frozen foods and they should be properly cooked before consumption.
{"title":"Heavy metals determination and microbial assessment of some species of frozen fish sold at Utako Market, Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"M. U. Useh, G. Etuk-Udoh, D. Uzama","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"This work assessed heavy metals [Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb)] concentrations and microbial load in the tissue (skin, fillet and gills) of some frozen fishes [Clupea harengus (herring), Scomber scombrus (Mackerel), Urophycis tenuis (White hake)] sold in Utako market using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and standard microbiological procedures. The results obtained revealed that the concentrations of all the heavy metals determined except Zinc (Zn) were above the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits in fresh water fish and fishery products. The total aerobic plate count (APC) was between 2.15×103 cfu/g and 47.6×103 cfu/g, total coliform count ranged from 1.85 × 103 cfu/g to 2.03 × 103 cfu/g and fungal counts ranged between 6.02x102 cfu/g and 18.3x102 cfu/g. The microbiological study showed that the skin had more load compared to other studied tissues and in all, the microbial load except APC also exceeded the FAO/WHO acceptable limits for frozen fish products. This study indicated that the products were not ideal for consumption due to bioaccumulation of these heavy metals and the issue of post-harvest contaminants that can multiply in case of defrosting which may impact negatively on the consumers. It is recommended that there should be proper handling and examination of frozen foods and they should be properly cooked before consumption. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89837004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.25
N. Abdus-salam, S.K. Adekola, M. O. Bello
The detrimental consequences of excessive levels of heavy metal contamination on living things served as the motivation for this study. Adsorption of Pb(II) ions was investigated on synthetic magnetite (MG), baobab fruit shell (BB) and magnetite-baobab composite (MB). The batch equilibrium technique was used to investigate the adsorption of Pb(II) ions. The effects of initial metal concentrations (15-500 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.05-0.3 g), contact time (5-150 min), pH (2-8) and temperature (303-343 K) on the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent were studied. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used to describe the adsorption of Pb(II) ions. The maximum adsorption capacity, qmax, of MB, MG and BB was 249.86, 227.45 and 34.67 mg/g respectively at a concentration of 500 mg/L of Pb(II) ions. Freundlich model was shown to have the best fit for the adsorption data in the following order: BB > MG > MB, with R2 values of 0.9954, 0.980 and 0.9797 respectively. Freundlich adsorption intensity for MG, BB and MB are 1.590, 1.339 and 1.761 respectively. The kinetic and thermodynamic investigations revealed that the adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and endothermic process. The amount of Pb(II) ions adsorbed after each stage of the desorption process varied between the different acid concentrations, according to sorption-desorption studies using spent adsorbents. The highest stepwise adsorptions of Pb(II) ions were observed when 0.5 M HCl was utilized as a stripping agent for BB while 0.1 M HCl favoured MG and MB.
{"title":"Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of lead (ii) ions on magnetite, baobab (Adansonia digitate) and magnetite - baobab composite","authors":"N. Abdus-salam, S.K. Adekola, M. O. Bello","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"The detrimental consequences of excessive levels of heavy metal contamination on living things served as the motivation for this study. Adsorption of Pb(II) ions was investigated on synthetic magnetite (MG), baobab fruit shell (BB) and magnetite-baobab composite (MB). The batch equilibrium technique was used to investigate the adsorption of Pb(II) ions. The effects of initial metal concentrations (15-500 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.05-0.3 g), contact time (5-150 min), pH (2-8) and temperature (303-343 K) on the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent were studied. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used to describe the adsorption of Pb(II) ions. The maximum adsorption capacity, qmax, of MB, MG and BB was 249.86, 227.45 and 34.67 mg/g respectively at a concentration of 500 mg/L of Pb(II) ions. Freundlich model was shown to have the best fit for the adsorption data in the following order: BB > MG > MB, with R2 values of 0.9954, 0.980 and 0.9797 respectively. Freundlich adsorption intensity for MG, BB and MB are 1.590, 1.339 and 1.761 respectively. The kinetic and thermodynamic investigations revealed that the adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and endothermic process. The amount of Pb(II) ions adsorbed after each stage of the desorption process varied between the different acid concentrations, according to sorption-desorption studies using spent adsorbents. The highest stepwise adsorptions of Pb(II) ions were observed when 0.5 M HCl was utilized as a stripping agent for BB while 0.1 M HCl favoured MG and MB.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84319018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.22
N. B. Umar, A. Dadah, A. Aliyu
A serological survey was carried out among children in two hospitals within Kaduna, Kaduna state to determine the level of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) IgM antibodies. Blood samples and nasal swabs of children aged 0-60 months were collected in two hospitals in Kaduna metropolis (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital and Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital), Kaduna state. Respiratory Syncytial Virus IgM antibody level was measured using commercial ELISA kit obtained from DEMEDITEC DIAGNOSTIC GMBH Germany. The overall prevalence of RSV out of 192 samples of both blood and nasal swab samples collected 56.1 % positive for all the samples from both hospitals. Barau Dikko positive samples recorded 26.0 % and Yusuf Dantsoho 30.0 % as shown in figure 1. More so, the distribution of RSV with regards to socio-demographic characteristics, males had a higher predominance 31.0 % than females 26.0 % but the result was not statistically significant (p value= 0.285). Infants under one month had the highest prevalence rate of 75 % while 31-61 months had the least prevalence rate of 11.0 %. The difference was statistically significant (p value= 0.001). Respiratory syncytial virus RSV-G gene was detected among IgM seropositive children using a molecular analysis. Conclusively, Polymerase chain reaction on agarose gel electrophoresis verified the molecular characteristics of the RSV-G gene, which showed a typical band size of 326bp.
{"title":"Molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus in children attending selected hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"N. B. Umar, A. Dadah, A. Aliyu","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"A serological survey was carried out among children in two hospitals within Kaduna, Kaduna state to determine the level of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) IgM antibodies. Blood samples and nasal swabs of children aged 0-60 months were collected in two hospitals in Kaduna metropolis (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital and Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital), Kaduna state. Respiratory Syncytial Virus IgM antibody level was measured using commercial ELISA kit obtained from DEMEDITEC DIAGNOSTIC GMBH Germany. The overall prevalence of RSV out of 192 samples of both blood and nasal swab samples collected 56.1 % positive for all the samples from both hospitals. Barau Dikko positive samples recorded 26.0 % and Yusuf Dantsoho 30.0 % as shown in figure 1. More so, the distribution of RSV with regards to socio-demographic characteristics, males had a higher predominance 31.0 % than females 26.0 % but the result was not statistically significant (p value= 0.285). Infants under one month had the highest prevalence rate of 75 % while 31-61 months had the least prevalence rate of 11.0 %. The difference was statistically significant (p value= 0.001). Respiratory syncytial virus RSV-G gene was detected among IgM seropositive children using a molecular analysis. Conclusively, Polymerase chain reaction on agarose gel electrophoresis verified the molecular characteristics of the RSV-G gene, which showed a typical band size of 326bp. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82163533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.11
S. Uba, K. Omoniyi, A. Mikail, D.C. Ikeh, S. Adeosun, A. Sani
Alternative energy sources from vegetable products are developing as a response to the depleting fossil fuel reserves and the environmental damage caused by their burning. Among these different possible resources, biodiesel has received a lot of interest as a diesel engine fuel substitute because it is renewable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, etc. This study evaluated the quality assessment of production of biodiesel from Caesalpinia pulcherrima. The sample oil was extracted from the seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima using a soxhlet extractor with n-hexane; the results obtained showed low yield of 27 ± 0.1 % for the extracted oil. The physicochemical properties of the oils sample were found to be as follows: Saponification value: 142.87 mgKOH/g, peroxide value: 7.70 mEq O2/kg, acid value : 30.49 mg KOH/g, iodine value (IV): 23.15 g I2/100g, viscosity: 5.83 mm2 /sec, specific gravity: 0.90. The value of free fatty acid gotten was 15.43. The oil was transesterified using two-step transesterification due to their high free fatty acid (FFA) using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The biodiesel produced was analyzed for its fatty acid profile using GC-MS and fuel properties using ASTM Methods. The Caesalpinia pulcherrima oil obtained for use in the production of biodiesel was clear, viscous, and yellowish in color. The result of the transesterification reaction was a transparent yellowish color liquid (biofuel) and the percentage yield was 71.73 %. The density of 0.86, pour point of -5.03 oC, cloud point of 5.83 oC, the specific gravity of 0.895, the kinematic viscosity of 5.37 mm2 /s, and an acid value of 1.1 MgKOH/g were all within the ASTM D6751 specification for biodiesel fuel. respectively. Results obtained infer that oil from Caesalpinia pulcherrima possesses properties that are suitable for biofuel production using ASTM standard.
{"title":"Quality assessment of biodiesel produced from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Pride of Barbados)","authors":"S. Uba, K. Omoniyi, A. Mikail, D.C. Ikeh, S. Adeosun, A. Sani","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative energy sources from vegetable products are developing as a response to the depleting fossil fuel reserves and the environmental damage caused by their burning. Among these different possible resources, biodiesel has received a lot of interest as a diesel engine fuel substitute because it is renewable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, etc. This study evaluated the quality assessment of production of biodiesel from Caesalpinia pulcherrima. The sample oil was extracted from the seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima using a soxhlet extractor with n-hexane; the results obtained showed low yield of 27 ± 0.1 % for the extracted oil. The physicochemical properties of the oils sample were found to be as follows: Saponification value: 142.87 mgKOH/g, peroxide value: 7.70 mEq O2/kg, acid value : 30.49 mg KOH/g, iodine value (IV): 23.15 g I2/100g, viscosity: 5.83 mm2 /sec, specific gravity: 0.90. The value of free fatty acid gotten was 15.43. The oil was transesterified using two-step transesterification due to their high free fatty acid (FFA) using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The biodiesel produced was analyzed for its fatty acid profile using GC-MS and fuel properties using ASTM Methods. The Caesalpinia pulcherrima oil obtained for use in the production of biodiesel was clear, viscous, and yellowish in color. The result of the transesterification reaction was a transparent yellowish color liquid (biofuel) and the percentage yield was 71.73 %. The density of 0.86, pour point of -5.03 oC, cloud point of 5.83 oC, the specific gravity of 0.895, the kinematic viscosity of 5.37 mm2 /s, and an acid value of 1.1 MgKOH/g were all within the ASTM D6751 specification for biodiesel fuel. respectively. Results obtained infer that oil from Caesalpinia pulcherrima possesses properties that are suitable for biofuel production using ASTM standard. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80519851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.35
M. Sagay, I. Idemudia, E. E. Imarhiagbe, F. Ekhaise
Hands are the chief organs for physical manipulation of the environment. As a paired organ, the hand is controlled by the opposing brain hemisphere and enables one to all manner of conscious and unconscious activities. The hand serves as a medium for the propagation of microorganism from place to place and from one person to another. A well-structured questionnaire bothering on age, sex and parental social status of the pupils was administered to three hundred and sixty (360) respondents recruited for the purpose of this study in University of Benin Teaching Hospital Staff School (UBTHSS). The mean heterotrophic Bacterial Count ranged from 2.10±0.19 x 106 to 3.77±0.26 x 106 cfu/cm2. Total coliform count ranged from 0.88±0.08 x 106 to 2.08±0.18 x 106. November recorded the highest heterotrophic and coliform counts ranging from 2.70±0.24 x 106 to 3.77±0.26 x 106 cfu/cm2 and 1.14±0.11 x 106 to 2.08±0.18 x 106cfu/cm2. The male pupils had the highest Heterotrophic and coliform counts of 4.132 x106cfu/cm2 and 2.273x106cfu/cm2 against the female of 1.433x106cfu/cm2 and 0.667x106cfu/cm2. The mean heterotrophic bacterial counts of parental status ranged from 2.78±0.10 x 106 to 2.83±0.08 cfu/cm2 and total coliform counts of 1.24±0.05 x 106 to1.35±0.15 x 106. The mean Heterotrophic barial and coliform counts of age ranged from 2.51±0.74 x 106 to 3.38±0.15 x 106 cfu/cm2 and 0.59 -3.43 x 106 to 0.35 - 2.62 x 106cfu/cm2. A total of ten (10) Gram positive and negative bacterial were isolated in this study. The bacterial isolates with the highest frequency of occurrence were staphylococcus aureus and E.coli (12.00%), E.coli and the least frequency was salmonella enterica (7.3%). The antimicrobial sensitivity pattern showed that the bacteria isolates exhibits varying degree of resistance to the antibiotics before and after curing. The isolates were found to harbor plasmid of different sizes but below 1000bp.There was no plasmid after curing.
{"title":"Evaluation of bacteriological contamination of palms of pupils in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Staff School, Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"M. Sagay, I. Idemudia, E. E. Imarhiagbe, F. Ekhaise","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Hands are the chief organs for physical manipulation of the environment. As a paired organ, the hand is controlled by the opposing brain hemisphere and enables one to all manner of conscious and unconscious activities. The hand serves as a medium for the propagation of microorganism from place to place and from one person to another. A well-structured questionnaire bothering on age, sex and parental social status of the pupils was administered to three hundred and sixty (360) respondents recruited for the purpose of this study in University of Benin Teaching Hospital Staff School (UBTHSS). The mean heterotrophic Bacterial Count ranged from 2.10±0.19 x 106 to 3.77±0.26 x 106 cfu/cm2. Total coliform count ranged from 0.88±0.08 x 106 to 2.08±0.18 x 106. November recorded the highest heterotrophic and coliform counts ranging from 2.70±0.24 x 106 to 3.77±0.26 x 106 cfu/cm2 and 1.14±0.11 x 106 to 2.08±0.18 x 106cfu/cm2. The male pupils had the highest Heterotrophic and coliform counts of 4.132 x106cfu/cm2 and 2.273x106cfu/cm2 against the female of 1.433x106cfu/cm2 and 0.667x106cfu/cm2. The mean heterotrophic bacterial counts of parental status ranged from 2.78±0.10 x 106 to 2.83±0.08 cfu/cm2 and total coliform counts of 1.24±0.05 x 106 to1.35±0.15 x 106. The mean Heterotrophic barial and coliform counts of age ranged from 2.51±0.74 x 106 to 3.38±0.15 x 106 cfu/cm2 and 0.59 -3.43 x 106 to 0.35 - 2.62 x 106cfu/cm2. A total of ten (10) Gram positive and negative bacterial were isolated in this study. The bacterial isolates with the highest frequency of occurrence were staphylococcus aureus and E.coli (12.00%), E.coli and the least frequency was salmonella enterica (7.3%). The antimicrobial sensitivity pattern showed that the bacteria isolates exhibits varying degree of resistance to the antibiotics before and after curing. The isolates were found to harbor plasmid of different sizes but below 1000bp.There was no plasmid after curing.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74360867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.31
F. Adeyemi, O. Oyedara, A. R. Adekunle, T. F. Ajani, S. Akinde, J. Olaitan
The identification of possible sources of antibiotic-resistance dissemination in the environment is one of the ways to tackle the menace of globally challenging antibiotic resistance. This study reported the antibiotic-resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from fresh rumen waste of cattle culled at four privately-owned abattoirs in Osogbo, the Southwestern part of Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated and identified using standard cultural techniques and biochemical characterization tests. The bacterial isolates were tested against twelve antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The totalheterotrophic bacterial count obtained for the four different abattoirs ranged between 2.95 x 109 ± 1.14 CFU g-1 and 1.01 x 1011 ± 1.02 CFU g-1. Bacterial isolates presumptively identified include Brevundimonas diminuta, Chryseomonas luteola, Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter intermedius, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Providencia rettgeri, Pseudomonas sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Tatumella ptyseos. Thirty-seven (92.5%), eighteen (45%), fourteen (35%), and ten (25%) out of the total 40 bacteria isolated were resistant to augmentin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and gentamicin respectively. The percentage resistance to nalidixic acid (5.9%) and ofloxacin (2.9%) was low among the Gram-negative bacteria, while the percentage resistance to nitrofurantoin was 23.5%. All the Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to streptomycin while 66.7% were resistant to erythromycin. Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated were 23 (57.5%). The results of the study showed that rumen waste generated from cattle culled for human consumption at abattoirs in Osogbo metropolis, Nigeria can be a possible source of spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment.
{"title":"Potential of cattle rumen waste as a source of antibioticresistant bacteria dissemination in the environment","authors":"F. Adeyemi, O. Oyedara, A. R. Adekunle, T. F. Ajani, S. Akinde, J. Olaitan","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.31","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of possible sources of antibiotic-resistance dissemination in the environment is one of the ways to tackle the menace of globally challenging antibiotic resistance. This study reported the antibiotic-resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from fresh rumen waste of cattle culled at four privately-owned abattoirs in Osogbo, the Southwestern part of Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated and identified using standard cultural techniques and biochemical characterization tests. The bacterial isolates were tested against twelve antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The totalheterotrophic bacterial count obtained for the four different abattoirs ranged between 2.95 x 109 ± 1.14 CFU g-1 and 1.01 x 1011 ± 1.02 CFU g-1. Bacterial isolates presumptively identified include Brevundimonas diminuta, Chryseomonas luteola, Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter intermedius, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Providencia rettgeri, Pseudomonas sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Tatumella ptyseos. Thirty-seven (92.5%), eighteen (45%), fourteen (35%), and ten (25%) out of the total 40 bacteria isolated were resistant to augmentin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and gentamicin respectively. The percentage resistance to nalidixic acid (5.9%) and ofloxacin (2.9%) was low among the Gram-negative bacteria, while the percentage resistance to nitrofurantoin was 23.5%. All the Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to streptomycin while 66.7% were resistant to erythromycin. Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated were 23 (57.5%). The results of the study showed that rumen waste generated from cattle culled for human consumption at abattoirs in Osogbo metropolis, Nigeria can be a possible source of spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72589720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.18
S. Awwalu, D.B. Kassoum, I. Nasir
Guiera senegalensis is a shrub that grows up to a height of 3 to 5 m and has tremendous medicinal properties. However, there is difficulty in the identification of medicinal plants leading to substitution of one plant for another. This problem can be addressed by establishing fingerprints of the medicinal plants. The aim of this research is to establish FTIR fingerprint of G. senegalensis leave. G. senegalensis leave were collected from the wild in Jigawa, Kaduna and Zamfara states, shade dried and size reduced. Samples (2 mg) were analysed in triplicate using Agilent technologies FTIR Carry 630 in the mid-IR region 4000-650 cm-1 at resolution 8 cm-1 with 16 scans. The level of similarity and differences was determined by Chemometrics using similarity and discriminant analysis. The level of differences between the samples was insignificant (p<0.05) as indicated by low values of eigenvalue (0.048) and canonical correlation (0.215) as well as high Wilks’ Lambda value (0.954). High level of similarity between the samples was further proven by their correlation and Tuckers’ congruence coefficients values, which were close to unity. However, significant (p<0.05) difference in the concentration of phytochemicals was observed between the samples. The Guiera senegalensis leaf samples were similar with respect to their phytochemical constituents however, differences in the phytochemical concentrations were observed.
{"title":"FTIR fingerprinting combined with chemometrics of Guiera senegalensis leaf powder","authors":"S. Awwalu, D.B. Kassoum, I. Nasir","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Guiera senegalensis is a shrub that grows up to a height of 3 to 5 m and has tremendous medicinal properties. However, there is difficulty in the identification of medicinal plants leading to substitution of one plant for another. This problem can be addressed by establishing fingerprints of the medicinal plants. The aim of this research is to establish FTIR fingerprint of G. senegalensis leave. G. senegalensis leave were collected from the wild in Jigawa, Kaduna and Zamfara states, shade dried and size reduced. Samples (2 mg) were analysed in triplicate using Agilent technologies FTIR Carry 630 in the mid-IR region 4000-650 cm-1 at resolution 8 cm-1 with 16 scans. The level of similarity and differences was determined by Chemometrics using similarity and discriminant analysis. The level of differences between the samples was insignificant (p<0.05) as indicated by low values of eigenvalue (0.048) and canonical correlation (0.215) as well as high Wilks’ Lambda value (0.954). High level of similarity between the samples was further proven by their correlation and Tuckers’ congruence coefficients values, which were close to unity. However, significant (p<0.05) difference in the concentration of phytochemicals was observed between the samples. The Guiera senegalensis leaf samples were similar with respect to their phytochemical constituents however, differences in the phytochemical concentrations were observed. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79064885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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