{"title":"Fractures of the Lower Jaw: The Use of Plates, in Combination with Gutta Percha, in Treatment of Fractures of the Lower Jaw.","authors":"A W Allport","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87368,"journal":{"name":"The Dental reporter","volume":"1 4","pages":"193-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1859-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25417254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J H McQuillen, J Foster Flagg, T L Buckingham, Jas E Garretson, C N Peirce
{"title":"Galvanism in Extracting Teeth.","authors":"J H McQuillen, J Foster Flagg, T L Buckingham, Jas E Garretson, C N Peirce","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87368,"journal":{"name":"The Dental reporter","volume":"1 4","pages":"202-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1859-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25417253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
weight of the baby and increased neonatal mortality. Experimental studies have confirmed that condensates of tobacco smoke induce cancer in laboratory animals. Now, rightly or wrongly, the Tobacco Research Council has accepted two main aims-firstly, to find the formula for a " safe " or " safer " cigarette ; and, secondly, to find ways of distinguishing individuals who are more susceptible than average to the harmful effects of smoking. These aims are constructive both from the point of view of the industry, which wishes above all to continue selling tobacco, and from the point of view of a large section of the public, who wish to continue smoking. But how realistic are the aims ? On the basis of present knowledge a completely safe cigarette seems to be out of the question. On the other hand,.a safer cigarette (made of tobacco which yields the minimum of " tar ") and advice to smokers on how to reduce the risk to their health (choose cigarettes with an efficient filter, throw away a long butt)5 have been feasible for several years already, and progress in these directions should be accelerated. It is likely that individuals do differ in susceptibility to the various effects of tobacco, though not in an absolute sense.' Research into this is justified, but there are no real leads yet in the case of susceptibility to respiratory disease. The suggestion that smokers who develop a cough early in their smoking careers are also more likely to develop lung cancer' is certainly open to question.' Who then should do what ? Until it has had time to diversify its interests, and while it is so vulnerable to change in tobacco sales, it is unrealistic to expect the tobacco industry to make decisions that will cut its own throat. In the long run its only hope is that through the efforts of the Tobacco Research Council and of research generally knowledge will be acquired that makes the continued sale of tobacco justifiable. In the meantime only the Government and the general public are in a position to act. The progressive banning of advertising and other sales promotion procedures is within the Government's power, and is long overdue. Moreover, the general public is now ready to accept the progressive restriction of smoking in public places. With regard to education, there is certainly a need to make factual information more widely available, though no advice can be so good as " Do not smoke." Epidemiological surveys have consistently shown that the risk of lung cancer in cigar and pipe smokers is less than that in cigarette smokers. But laboratory evidence shows that the condensate from cigar smoke is more carcinogenic for mouse skin than that from cigarette smoke. Thus, as M. C. Pike and F. J. C. Roe recently pointed eut,5 there is insufficient evidence for actually recommending a cigarette smoker simply to change to pipe or cigars. They write: " Only if the change resulted in a reduction of both inhaling, and/or total tobacco consumption, could benefit be ex
婴儿体重增加和新生儿死亡率增加。实验研究证实，烟草烟雾的冷凝物在实验动物中致癌。现在，不管是对是错，烟草研究委员会已经接受了两个主要目标:第一，找到“安全”或“更安全”香烟的配方;其次，找到方法来区分那些比一般人更容易受到吸烟有害影响的人。从烟草业的角度来看，这些目标是建设性的，因为烟草业首先希望继续销售烟草，而从大部分公众的角度来看，他们希望继续吸烟。但这些目标有多现实?根据目前的知识，一种完全安全的香烟似乎是不可能的。另一方面，……一种更安全的香烟(由产生最低“焦油”的烟草制成)和向吸烟者提供如何减少健康风险的建议(选择有有效过滤器的香烟，扔掉长烟蒂)已经可行了几年，这些方向的进展应该加快。个人对烟草的各种影响的易感性可能有所不同，尽管不是绝对的。”对此的研究是合理的，但在呼吸道疾病易感性方面还没有真正的线索。在吸烟生涯早期出现咳嗽的吸烟者患肺癌的可能性也更大，这一说法“当然值得商榷”。那么谁该做什么呢?在它有时间实现利益多元化之前，尽管它很容易受到烟草销售变化的影响，但指望烟草业做出割自己喉咙的决定是不现实的。从长远来看，它唯一的希望是通过烟草研究委员会和一般研究的努力，将获得知识，使继续销售烟草是合理的。在此期间，只有政府和一般公众能够采取行动。逐步禁止广告和其他促销程序是在政府的权力范围内，而且早就应该这样做了。此外，公众现在已经准备好接受在公共场所逐步限制吸烟。在教育方面，虽然没有什么建议比“不要吸烟”更有效，但确实有必要让更广泛的人获得事实性信息。流行病学调查一致表明，抽雪茄和烟斗的人患肺癌的风险低于吸烟的人。但实验室证据表明，雪茄烟雾中的冷凝物比香烟烟雾中的冷凝物对小鼠皮肤的致癌性更强。因此，正如M. C.派克和F. J. C.罗伊最近指出的那样，实际上没有足够的证据建议吸烟者仅仅改用烟斗或雪茄。他们写道:“只有当这种变化导致吸入和/或总烟草消费量减少时，才能预期有益。如果换成烟斗雪茄或大雪茄，这种减少可能会更容易，这两种雪茄从握在手里或嘴里的角度来看，在物理上与香烟有很大不同。然而，香烟大小的小雪茄的普及可能会带来危险，吸烟者会以同样的方式和同样的量吸食它们。”大多数人都同意说服年轻人不要开始吸烟是极其重要的。然而，在这方面，政府缓慢行动也许是明智的，因为对如何最好地处理这一问题知之甚少。另一方面，已经有很好的证据表明，如果父母或学校老师希望他们的孩子不吸烟，他们更有可能通过自己的榜样而不是劝告或威胁来实现这一目标。最重要的是，医生在这件事上有责任。在医学界明确和明显地接受这一责任之前，政府将有一个合理的借口来解释其惰性。
{"title":"Electrical Anaesthesia","authors":"W. Oliver","doi":"10.1136/bmj.2.5551.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5551.524","url":null,"abstract":"weight of the baby and increased neonatal mortality. Experimental studies have confirmed that condensates of tobacco smoke induce cancer in laboratory animals. Now, rightly or wrongly, the Tobacco Research Council has accepted two main aims-firstly, to find the formula for a \" safe \" or \" safer \" cigarette ; and, secondly, to find ways of distinguishing individuals who are more susceptible than average to the harmful effects of smoking. These aims are constructive both from the point of view of the industry, which wishes above all to continue selling tobacco, and from the point of view of a large section of the public, who wish to continue smoking. But how realistic are the aims ? On the basis of present knowledge a completely safe cigarette seems to be out of the question. On the other hand,.a safer cigarette (made of tobacco which yields the minimum of \" tar \") and advice to smokers on how to reduce the risk to their health (choose cigarettes with an efficient filter, throw away a long butt)5 have been feasible for several years already, and progress in these directions should be accelerated. It is likely that individuals do differ in susceptibility to the various effects of tobacco, though not in an absolute sense.' Research into this is justified, but there are no real leads yet in the case of susceptibility to respiratory disease. The suggestion that smokers who develop a cough early in their smoking careers are also more likely to develop lung cancer' is certainly open to question.' Who then should do what ? Until it has had time to diversify its interests, and while it is so vulnerable to change in tobacco sales, it is unrealistic to expect the tobacco industry to make decisions that will cut its own throat. In the long run its only hope is that through the efforts of the Tobacco Research Council and of research generally knowledge will be acquired that makes the continued sale of tobacco justifiable. In the meantime only the Government and the general public are in a position to act. The progressive banning of advertising and other sales promotion procedures is within the Government's power, and is long overdue. Moreover, the general public is now ready to accept the progressive restriction of smoking in public places. With regard to education, there is certainly a need to make factual information more widely available, though no advice can be so good as \" Do not smoke.\" Epidemiological surveys have consistently shown that the risk of lung cancer in cigar and pipe smokers is less than that in cigarette smokers. But laboratory evidence shows that the condensate from cigar smoke is more carcinogenic for mouse skin than that from cigarette smoke. Thus, as M. C. Pike and F. J. C. Roe recently pointed eut,5 there is insufficient evidence for actually recommending a cigarette smoker simply to change to pipe or cigars. They write: \" Only if the change resulted in a reduction of both inhaling, and/or total tobacco consumption, could benefit be ex","PeriodicalId":87368,"journal":{"name":"The Dental reporter","volume":"400 1","pages":"154 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1859-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84848347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Every Man His Own Dentist.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87368,"journal":{"name":"The Dental reporter","volume":"1 4","pages":"196-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1859-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25417248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ladies in the Dental Profession.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87368,"journal":{"name":"The Dental reporter","volume":"1 4","pages":"196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1859-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25417252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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