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Tailored graph ensembles as proxies or null models for real networks I: tools for quantifying structure. 作为真实网络代理或零模型的定制图集成I:量化结构的工具。
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1088/1751-8113/42/48/485001
A Annibale, Acc Coolen, Lp Fernandes, F Fraternali, J Kleinjung

We study the tailoring of structured random graph ensembles to real networks, with the objective of generating precise and practical mathematical tools for quantifying and comparing network topologies macroscopically, beyond the level of degree statistics. Our family of ensembles can produce graphs with any prescribed degree distribution and any degree-degree correlation function, its control parameters can be calculated fully analytically, and as a result we can calculate (asymptotically) formulae for entropies and complexities, and for information-theoretic distances between networks, expressed directly and explicitly in terms of their measured degree distribution and degree correlations.

我们研究了结构化随机图集合对真实网络的裁剪,目的是生成精确实用的数学工具,用于在程度统计之外宏观量化和比较网络拓扑。我们的集合族可以生成具有任何规定度分布和任何度相关函数的图,其控制参数可以完全解析计算,因此我们可以(渐近)计算熵和复杂性以及网络之间的信息论距离的公式,直接且明确地表示为它们测量的程度分布和程度相关性。
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引用次数: 102
The transfer matrices of the self-similar fractal potentials on the Cantor set Cantor集上自相似分形势的传递矩阵
Pub Date : 2008-09-19 DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/33/23/307
N. Chuprikov
On the basis of an exact formalism, a system of functional equations for the tunnelling parameters of self-similar fractal potentials (SSFPs) is obtained. Three different families of solutions are found for these equations, two of them having one parameter and one being free of parameters. Both one-parameter solutions are shown to be described, in the long-wave limit, by a fractal dimension. At the same time, the third solution yields transfer matrices which are analytical in this region, similar to the case of structures with the `Euclidean geometry'. We have revealed some manifestations of scale invariance in the physical properties of SSFPs. Nevertheless, in the common case these potentials do not possess, strictly speaking, this symmetry. The point is that SSFPs in the common case are specified, in contrast to the Cantor set, by two length scales but not one. A particular case when SSFPs are exactly scale invariant to an electron with well defined energy is found.
基于精确的形式,得到了自相似分形势隧穿参数的泛函方程组。我们找到了这些方程的三种不同的解族,其中两种有一个参数,另一种没有参数。在长波极限下,这两个单参数解都可以用分形维数来描述。同时,第三种解产生的转移矩阵在这个区域是解析的,类似于“欧几里得几何”结构的情况。我们揭示了ssfp在物理性质上的一些尺度不变性表现。然而,在一般情况下,严格地说,这些势并不具有这种对称性。关键在于,与康托集不同,在一般情况下,ssfp是由两个长度尺度指定的,而不是一个。发现了一种特殊情况,即ssfp对具有明确能量的电子完全是尺度不变的。
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引用次数: 0
The Quantum Mechanics Solver: How to Apply Quantum Theory to Modern Physics, edition 2nd 量子力学解算器:如何将量子理论应用于现代物理学,第2版
Pub Date : 2007-07-20 DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/29/B02
J. Robbin
The hallmark of a good book of problems is that it allows you to become acquainted with an unfamiliar topic quickly and efficiently. The Quantum Mechanics Solver fits this description admirably. The book contains 27 problems based mainly on recent experimental developments, including neutrino oscillations, tests of Bell's inequality, Bose--Einstein condensates, and laser cooling and trapping of atoms, to name a few. Unlike many collections, in which problems are designed around a particular mathematical method, here each problem is devoted to a small group of phenomena or experiments. Most problems contain experimental data from the literature, and readers are asked to estimate parameters from the data, or compare theory to experiment, or both. Standard techniques (e.g., degenerate perturbation theory, addition of angular momentum, asymptotics of special functions) are introduced only as they are needed. The style is closer to a non-specialist seminar rather than an undergraduate lecture. The physical models are kept simple; the emphasis is on cultivating conceptual and qualitative understanding (although in many of the problems, the simple models fit the data quite well). Some less familiar theoretical techniques are introduced, e.g. a variational method for lower (not upper) bounds on ground-state energies for many-body systems with two-body interactions, which is then used to derive a surprisingly accurate relation between baryon and meson masses. The exposition is succinct but clear; the solutions can be read as worked examples if you don't want to do the problems yourself. Many problems have additional discussion on limitations and extensions of the theory, or further applications outside physics (e.g., the accuracy of GPS positioning in connection with atomic clocks; proton and ion tumor therapies in connection with the Bethe--Bloch formula for charged particles in solids). The problems use mainly non-relativistic quantum mechanics and are organised into three sections: Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms; Quantum Entanglement and Measurement; and Complex Systems. The coverage is not comprehensive; there is little on scattering theory, for example, and some areas of recent interest, such as topological aspects of quantum mechanics and semiclassics, are not included. The problems are based on examination questions given at the École Polytechnique in the last 15 years. The book is accessible to undergraduates, but working physicists should find it a delight.
一本好的问题书的特点是它能让你快速有效地熟悉一个不熟悉的话题。量子力学解算器非常符合这一描述。本书包含27个问题,主要基于最近的实验发展,包括中微子振荡,贝尔不等式的测试,玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚,激光冷却和原子的捕获,仅举几例。与许多围绕特定数学方法设计问题的集合不同,这里的每个问题都致力于一小组现象或实验。大多数问题包含来自文献的实验数据,读者被要求从数据中估计参数,或将理论与实验进行比较,或两者兼而有之。标准技术(例如,简并微扰理论,角动量的加法,特殊函数的渐近性)只在需要时才被引入。这种风格更接近于非专业研讨会,而不是本科生讲座。物理模型保持简单;重点是培养概念性和定性的理解(尽管在许多问题中,简单的模型非常适合数据)。介绍了一些不太熟悉的理论技术,例如,具有两体相互作用的多体系统的基态能量下界(而不是上界)的变分方法,然后用于推导重子和介子质量之间惊人的精确关系。阐述简洁而清晰;如果你不想自己做这些问题,解决方案可以作为工作示例来阅读。许多问题对理论的局限性和扩展,或物理学以外的进一步应用进行了额外的讨论(例如,与原子钟有关的GPS定位的准确性;质子和离子肿瘤治疗与固体中带电粒子的Bethe- Bloch公式有关)。这些问题主要使用非相对论量子力学,并分为三个部分:基本粒子、原子核和原子;量子纠缠与测量;和复杂系统。覆盖范围并不全面;例如,关于散射理论的内容很少,而最近感兴趣的一些领域,如量子力学和半经典的拓扑方面,则没有包括在内。这些问题是基于École理工学院过去15年的考试题目。这本书适合本科生阅读,但工作中的物理学家应该会觉得它是一种乐趣。
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引用次数: 7
Exact steady-state velocity of ratchets driven by random sequential adsorption. 由随机顺序吸附驱动的棘轮的精确稳态速度。
Pub Date : 2007-05-25 DOI: 10.1088/1751-8113/40/21/009
Maria R D'Orsogna, Tom Chou, Tibor Antal

We solve the problem of discrete translocation of a polymer through a pore, driven by the irreversible, random sequential adsorption of particles on one side of the pore. Although the kinetics of the wall motion and the deposition are coupled, we find the exact steady-state distribution for the gap between the wall and the nearest deposited particle. This result enables us to construct the mean translocation velocity demonstrating that translocation is faster when the adsorbing particles are smaller. Monte-Carlo simulations also show that smaller particles gives less dispersion in the ratcheted motion. We also define and compare the relative efficiencies of ratcheting by deposition of particles with different sizes and we describe an associated "zone-refinement" process.

我们解决了聚合物通过孔的离散易位问题,由不可逆的、随机的、顺序的颗粒在孔的一侧吸附驱动。虽然壁面运动和沉积动力学是耦合的,但我们发现壁面与最近沉积粒子之间的间隙精确的稳态分布。这一结果使我们能够构建平均易位速度,表明当吸附颗粒较小时,易位速度更快。蒙特卡罗模拟还表明,在棘轮运动中,较小的粒子的分散性较小。我们还定义和比较了不同尺寸颗粒沉积的棘轮的相对效率,并描述了相关的“区域细化”过程。
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引用次数: 15
Unsteady flow and heat transfer of viscous incompressible fluid with temperature-dependent viscosity due to a rotating disc in a porous medium 多孔介质中由旋转圆盘引起的黏度随温度变化的粘性不可压缩流体的非定常流动和传热
Pub Date : 2007-04-06 DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/4/017
H. A. Attia
This paper studies the effect of a porous medium and temperature-dependent viscosity on the unsteady flow and heat transfer for a viscous laminar incompressible fluid due to an impulsively started rotating infinite disc. The unsteady axi-symmetric boundary layer equations are solved using three methods, namely, (i) perturbation solution for small time, (ii) asymptotic analysis for large time and (iii) the finite difference method together with the Keller box elimination technique for intermediate times. The solutions are obtained in terms of local radial skin friction, local tangential skin friction and local rate of heat transfer at the surface of the disc, for different values of the pertinent parameters: the Prandtl number Pr, the viscosity variation parameter ε and porosity parameter m. The computed dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles for Pr = 0.72 are shown graphically for different values of ε and m.
本文研究了多孔介质和随温度变化的粘度对由脉冲启动旋转的无限大圆盘引起的粘性层流不可压缩流体的非定常流动和换热的影响。求解非定常轴对称边界层方程采用三种方法,即(1)小时间的摄动解,(2)大时间的渐近分析,(3)中间时间的有限差分法加Keller盒消去技术。在相关参数:普朗特数Pr、粘度变化参数ε和孔隙率参数m取值不同的情况下,得到了圆盘表面局部径向摩擦、局部切向摩擦和局部换热率的解。在ε和m取值不同的情况下,计算得到的Pr = 0.72时的无量纲速度和温度曲线。
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引用次数: 20
PSLn(q) as operator group of isospectral drums PSLn(q)为等谱鼓算子群
Pub Date : 2006-12-15 DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/50/L01
K. Thas
In a paper by M Kac (1966 Am. Math. Mon. 73 1–23), Kac asked his famous question ‘Can one hear the shape of a drum?’, which was answered negatively in Gordon et al (1992 Invent. Math. 110 1–22) by construction of planar isospectral pairs. In Buser et al (1994 Int. Math. Res. Not. 9), it is observed that all operator groups associated with the known counter examples are isomorphic to one of PSL3(2), PSL3(3), PSL4(2) and PSL3(4). We show that if (D1, D2) is a pair of non-congruent planar isospectral domains constructed from unfolding a polygonal base-tile and with associated operator group PSLn(q), then (n, q) belongs to this very restricted list.
在卡茨(1966)的一篇论文中。数学。星期一(73 - 23),卡茨问了他著名的问题“人能听到鼓的形状吗?”, Gordon et al(1992)对此给出了否定的回答。数学。110 - 22)通过构造平面等谱对。In Buser et al . (1994);数学。Res. Not. 9),可以观察到与已知反例相关的所有算子群都与PSL3(2)、PSL3(3)、PSL4(2)和PSL3(4)中的一个同构。我们证明了如果(D1, D2)是由展开一个多边形基图构成的一对非全等平面等谱域,并且具有相应的算子群PSLn(q),则(n, q)属于这个极限表。
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引用次数: 6
The rotation number in one-dimensional maps: definition and applications 一维映射中的旋转数:定义与应用
Pub Date : 2006-12-08 DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/49/011
G. Livadiotis, N. Voglis
A rotation number in the case of one-dimensional maps is introduced. As is shown, this rotation number is equivalent to the already known rotation number in the case of two-dimensional maps. The definition of the rotation number is given in two steps. First, it is defined for periodic orbits inside a window of organized motion (WOM). We show that in this case our definition coincides with the definition of the over-rotation number. Then, our definition is further generalized for chaotic orbits outside the WOMs. Thus, we obtain a unified definition of the rotation number for the whole area of the chaotic zone of the bifurcation diagram, having a number of useful applications. Namely, it can be used as a tool to distinguish whether an orbit is contained within a WOM or not, as a tool of numerical location of the bifurcation points, of the band mergings, as well as of the boundary points of a WOM. Finally, a method of numerical calculation of the percentage of the cumulative width of the WOMs in every particular segment (chaotic band) of the chaotic zone is given.
介绍了一维映射的旋转数。如图所示,在二维地图的情况下,这个旋转数相当于已知的旋转数。旋转数的定义分两步给出。首先,它被定义为有组织运动窗口(WOM)内的周期轨道。我们证明,在这种情况下,我们的定义与过旋转数的定义一致。然后,我们的定义进一步推广到WOMs外的混沌轨道。由此,我们得到了分岔图混沌区整个区域的旋转数的统一定义,具有许多有用的应用。也就是说,它可以作为区分轨道是否包含在WOM内的工具,作为分岔点、波段合并点以及WOM边界点的数值定位工具。最后,给出了混沌带各特定段(混沌带)中WOMs累计宽度占比的数值计算方法。
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引用次数: 4
On linearization of third-order ordinary differential equations 三阶常微分方程的线性化
Pub Date : 2006-12-08 DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/49/005
S. Meleshko
A new algorithm for linearization of a third-order ordinary differential equation is presented. The algorithm consists of composition of two operations: reducing order of an ordinary differential equation and using the Lie linearization test for the obtained second-order ordinary differential equation. The application of the algorithm to several ordinary differential equations is given.
提出了一种新的三阶常微分方程线性化算法。该算法由两个操作组成:对常微分方程进行降阶和对得到的二阶常微分方程进行李氏线性化检验。给出了该算法在若干常微分方程中的应用。
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引用次数: 45
Mathematica for Theoretical Physics: Electrodynamics, Quantum Mechanics, General Relativity and Fractals 数学理论物理:电动力学,量子力学,广义相对论和分形
Pub Date : 2006-12-08 DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/49/B01
S. Heusler
The main focus of the second, enlarged edition of the book Mathematica for Theoretical Physics is on computational examples using the computer program Mathematica in various areas in physics. It is a notebook rather than a textbook. Indeed, the book is just a printout of the Mathematica notebooks included on the CD. The second edition is divided into two volumes, the first covering classical mechanics and nonlinear dynamics, the second dealing with examples in electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, general relativity and fractal geometry. The second volume is not suited for newcomers because basic and simple physical ideas which lead to complex formulas are not explained in detail. Instead, the computer technology makes it possible to write down and manipulate formulas of practically any length. For researchers with experience in computing, the book contains a lot of interesting and non-trivial examples. Most of the examples discussed are standard textbook problems, but the power of Mathematica opens the path to more sophisticated solutions. For example, the exact solution for the perihelion shift of Mercury within general relativity is worked out in detail using elliptic functions. The virial equation of state for molecules' interaction with Lennard-Jones-like potentials is discussed, including both classical and quantum corrections to the second virial coefficient. Interestingly, closed solutions become available using sophisticated computing methods within Mathematica. In my opinion, the textbook should not show formulas in detail which cover three or more pages—these technical data should just be contained on the CD. Instead, the textbook should focus on more detailed explanation of the physical concepts behind the technicalities. The discussion of the virial equation would benefit much from replacing 15 pages of Mathematica output with 15 pages of further explanation and motivation. In this combination, the power of computing merged with physical intuition would be of benefit even for newcomers. In summary, this book shows in a convincing manner how classical problems in physics can be attacked with modern computing technology. The second volume is interesting for experienced users of Mathematica. For students, the textbook can be very useful in combination with a seminar.
《数学理论物理》第二版的主要重点是在物理的各个领域使用计算机程序Mathematica的计算示例。这是一本笔记本而不是教科书。事实上,这本书只是一本打印出来的Mathematica笔记本,包括在CD上。第二版分为两卷,第一卷涵盖经典力学和非线性动力学,第二卷涉及电动力学,量子力学,广义相对论和分形几何的例子。第二卷不适合新手,因为导致复杂公式的基本和简单的物理思想没有详细解释。相反,计算机技术使人们可以写下和操作几乎任何长度的公式。对于有计算经验的研究人员来说,这本书包含了许多有趣的和不平凡的例子。讨论的大多数例子都是标准的教科书问题,但是Mathematica的强大功能为更复杂的解决方案开辟了道路。例如,在广义相对论中,水星近日点位移的精确解是用椭圆函数详细计算出来的。讨论了分子与Lennard-Jones-like势相互作用的维里态方程,包括对第二维里系数的经典和量子修正。有趣的是,在Mathematica中使用复杂的计算方法可以得到封闭的解决方案。在我看来,教科书不应该详细地展示三页或更多的公式-这些技术数据应该包含在CD上。相反,教科书应该侧重于更详细地解释技术背后的物理概念。用15页的进一步解释和动机来取代15页的Mathematica输出,对维里方程的讨论将受益匪浅。在这种组合中,计算能力与物理直觉的结合即使对新手来说也是有益的。总之,这本书以令人信服的方式展示了如何用现代计算技术来解决物理学中的经典问题。第二卷对于有经验的Mathematica用户来说很有趣。对学生来说,教材和研讨会结合起来会非常有用。
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引用次数: 5
Backward waves and negative refractive indices in gyrotropic chiral media 旋向性手性介质中的反向波和负折射率
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/39/48/013
J. Shen, Sailing He
This addendum states the relationship between our recent paper and Mackay et al's work on the negative refraction in gyrotropic chiral media, and emphasizes the advantages of their work that we did not mention in our recent paper.
本附录说明了我们最近的论文与Mackay等人关于旋向性手性介质负折射的研究之间的关系,并强调了他们的工作在我们最近的论文中没有提到的优势。
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引用次数: 16
期刊
Journal of physics A: Mathematical and general
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