Kemmyo Sugiyama, Y. Tomata, Y. Takemi, K. Tsushita, Masakazu Nakamura, S. Hashimoto, M. Miyachi, Z. Yamagata, T. Yokoyama, I. Tsuji
Objectives To examine the prevalence of health consciousness regarding "Health Japan 21" (2nd edition) among the Japanese population, we conducted a telephone survey of a sample extracted randomly from the whole nation in 2013 and 2014.Methods We extracted 1800 men and women with 150 persons for each gender and 10-year age group (6 age groups ranging from 20 years to 70 years and older) using Random Digital Dialing sampling. Each participant was asked about 1) recognition of the following items: "Health Japan 21," "healthy life expectancy," "metabolic syndrome (MetS)," "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)," "locomotive syndrome," "Active Guide," "WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control," and "Smart Life Project" and 2) health consciousness toward the following: "health examination taken within the past one year," "smoking status," and "the amount of vegetables considered desirable to consume per day for health." We performed simple tabulation of the collected answers and cross-tabulation by sex and age groups, respectively. For each question about recognition, we categorized "I know the name and meaning" and "I know the name but not the meaning" as "awareness." We compared data between 2013 and 2014, sexes, and age groups, using chi-squared test.Results In 2013, the top 5 items with high awareness were "MetS" (96.2%), "COPD" (51.1%), "healthy life expectancy" (34.2%), "locomotive syndrome" (30.2%), and "WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control" (28.0%). Moreover, awareness of "healthy life expectancy," "locomotive syndrome," and "Active Guide" were significantly higher in 2014 than in 2013. Meanwhile, the proportion of participants who correctly chose "350 grams" as "the desirable amount of vegetables to consume per day" was 41.6% in 2013 and became significantly higher at 50.1% in 2014. In 2013, awareness of "healthy life expectancy," "COPD," and "locomotive syndrome" and the proportion of correct answers for "the desirable amount of vegetables to consume per day" were significantly higher among women than among men. In 2013, there were significant differences among age groups in awareness of "MetS," "COPD," "healthy life expectancy," and "locomotive syndrome" and the proportion of correct answers for "the desirable amount of vegetables to consume per day."Conclusion Awareness of "healthy life expectancy," "locomotive syndrome," and health consciousness of "the desirable amount of vegetables to consume per day" were significantly higher in 2014 than in 2013. There were discrepancies on respective items among both sexes and age groups. Therefore, interventions for groups with lower awareness or health consciousness may be required.
{"title":"健康日本21（第二次）に関する国民の健康意識・認知度とその推移に関する調査研究","authors":"Kemmyo Sugiyama, Y. Tomata, Y. Takemi, K. Tsushita, Masakazu Nakamura, S. Hashimoto, M. Miyachi, Z. Yamagata, T. Yokoyama, I. Tsuji","doi":"10.11236/JPH.63.8_424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/JPH.63.8_424","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives To examine the prevalence of health consciousness regarding \"Health Japan 21\" (2nd edition) among the Japanese population, we conducted a telephone survey of a sample extracted randomly from the whole nation in 2013 and 2014.Methods We extracted 1800 men and women with 150 persons for each gender and 10-year age group (6 age groups ranging from 20 years to 70 years and older) using Random Digital Dialing sampling. Each participant was asked about 1) recognition of the following items: \"Health Japan 21,\" \"healthy life expectancy,\" \"metabolic syndrome (MetS),\" \"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),\" \"locomotive syndrome,\" \"Active Guide,\" \"WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control,\" and \"Smart Life Project\" and 2) health consciousness toward the following: \"health examination taken within the past one year,\" \"smoking status,\" and \"the amount of vegetables considered desirable to consume per day for health.\" We performed simple tabulation of the collected answers and cross-tabulation by sex and age groups, respectively. For each question about recognition, we categorized \"I know the name and meaning\" and \"I know the name but not the meaning\" as \"awareness.\" We compared data between 2013 and 2014, sexes, and age groups, using chi-squared test.Results In 2013, the top 5 items with high awareness were \"MetS\" (96.2%), \"COPD\" (51.1%), \"healthy life expectancy\" (34.2%), \"locomotive syndrome\" (30.2%), and \"WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control\" (28.0%). Moreover, awareness of \"healthy life expectancy,\" \"locomotive syndrome,\" and \"Active Guide\" were significantly higher in 2014 than in 2013. Meanwhile, the proportion of participants who correctly chose \"350 grams\" as \"the desirable amount of vegetables to consume per day\" was 41.6% in 2013 and became significantly higher at 50.1% in 2014. In 2013, awareness of \"healthy life expectancy,\" \"COPD,\" and \"locomotive syndrome\" and the proportion of correct answers for \"the desirable amount of vegetables to consume per day\" were significantly higher among women than among men. In 2013, there were significant differences among age groups in awareness of \"MetS,\" \"COPD,\" \"healthy life expectancy,\" and \"locomotive syndrome\" and the proportion of correct answers for \"the desirable amount of vegetables to consume per day.\"Conclusion Awareness of \"healthy life expectancy,\" \"locomotive syndrome,\" and health consciousness of \"the desirable amount of vegetables to consume per day\" were significantly higher in 2014 than in 2013. There were discrepancies on respective items among both sexes and age groups. Therefore, interventions for groups with lower awareness or health consciousness may be required.","PeriodicalId":87491,"journal":{"name":"[Kosei kagaku] The Japanese journal of public health","volume":"9 1","pages":"424-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80865930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"長崎県松浦市における地域診断支援ツールを活用した高齢者サロンの展開：JAGES プロジェクト","authors":"山谷 麻由美, 克則 近藤, 尚己 近藤, 典子 荒木, 晴美 藤原","doi":"10.11236/JPH.63.9_578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/JPH.63.9_578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87491,"journal":{"name":"[Kosei kagaku] The Japanese journal of public health","volume":"16 1","pages":"578-585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84556452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Objective There is little evidence showing that inhabitants of urban areas engage in more physical activity than do rural ones, although accumulating evidence concerning the best neighborhood environments conducive to physical activity supports the idea. This study sought to fill the research gap by examining the association between city scale and daily steps using data from Japan's National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS).Methods We analyzed data from 15,763 men and 18,479 women aged 20 years and older who participated in a one-day pedometer measurement during any part of the NHNS between 2006 and 2010. The data obtained for these years were combined into a single data set. City scale was categorized into 5 groups based on population: 1) 12 large cities and 23 wards, 2) population greater than 150,000, 3) population 50,000-150,000, 4) population less than 50,000, and 5) towns and villages. Differences in daily steps among city scale groups were analyzed using an ANCOVA, adjusting for age by gender. The Bonferroni method was employed for multiple comparisons, and linear regression was used to test for linear trends. Subgroup analyses were performed by age (20-39, 40-64, older than 64), and job status. The study was approved by the Tokyo Medical University ethics committee, and use of these data complied with the Statistics Act of Japan.Results The steps per day for men after adjusting for age were Group 1 : 7,494±4,429 (mean±SD), Group 2 : 7,407±4,428, Group 3 : 7,206±4,428, Group 4 : 6,911±4,428, and Group 5 : 6,715±4,429. Women's daily steps according to city scale group were 6,767±3,648, 6,386±3,647, 6,062±3,646, 6,069±3,649, and 6,070±3,649 for Groups 1 through 5, respectively. There were overall statistically significant differences (ANCOVA, P<0.001) between both genders. The larger the city scale, the more mean daily steps that were taken by both men and women (P values for both trends <0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences in the mean daily steps by city scale, regardless of age or job status for both genders. There were no significant differences among Groups 3, 4, or 5 among unemployed men, men older than 64, or overall women, which differed from the results for men with jobs, who took fewer steps in smaller cities.Conclusions Our study showed that men and women living in larger cities took more steps compared to those living in smaller cities. Subgroup analyses further revealed that the associations between city scale and physical activity differed according to gender, age, and job status.
{"title":"都市規模による歩数の違い：国民健康・栄養調査2006-2010年のデータを用いた横断研究","authors":"正裕 井原, 朋子 高宮, 大谷 由美子, 優子 小田切, 教照 福島, 俊夫 林, 宏幸 菊池, 弘樹 佐藤, 輝一 下光, 茂子 井上","doi":"10.11236/JPH.63.9_549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/JPH.63.9_549","url":null,"abstract":": Objective There is little evidence showing that inhabitants of urban areas engage in more physical activity than do rural ones, although accumulating evidence concerning the best neighborhood environments conducive to physical activity supports the idea. This study sought to fill the research gap by examining the association between city scale and daily steps using data from Japan's National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS).Methods We analyzed data from 15,763 men and 18,479 women aged 20 years and older who participated in a one-day pedometer measurement during any part of the NHNS between 2006 and 2010. The data obtained for these years were combined into a single data set. City scale was categorized into 5 groups based on population: 1) 12 large cities and 23 wards, 2) population greater than 150,000, 3) population 50,000-150,000, 4) population less than 50,000, and 5) towns and villages. Differences in daily steps among city scale groups were analyzed using an ANCOVA, adjusting for age by gender. The Bonferroni method was employed for multiple comparisons, and linear regression was used to test for linear trends. Subgroup analyses were performed by age (20-39, 40-64, older than 64), and job status. The study was approved by the Tokyo Medical University ethics committee, and use of these data complied with the Statistics Act of Japan.Results The steps per day for men after adjusting for age were Group 1 : 7,494±4,429 (mean±SD), Group 2 : 7,407±4,428, Group 3 : 7,206±4,428, Group 4 : 6,911±4,428, and Group 5 : 6,715±4,429. Women's daily steps according to city scale group were 6,767±3,648, 6,386±3,647, 6,062±3,646, 6,069±3,649, and 6,070±3,649 for Groups 1 through 5, respectively. There were overall statistically significant differences (ANCOVA, P<0.001) between both genders. The larger the city scale, the more mean daily steps that were taken by both men and women (P values for both trends <0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences in the mean daily steps by city scale, regardless of age or job status for both genders. There were no significant differences among Groups 3, 4, or 5 among unemployed men, men older than 64, or overall women, which differed from the results for men with jobs, who took fewer steps in smaller cities.Conclusions Our study showed that men and women living in larger cities took more steps compared to those living in smaller cities. Subgroup analyses further revealed that the associations between city scale and physical activity differed according to gender, age, and job status.","PeriodicalId":87491,"journal":{"name":"[Kosei kagaku] The Japanese journal of public health","volume":"35 1","pages":"549-559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73686093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comprehensive health program "Sumida TAKE10!", which aims to improve dietary habits and promote physical activity among community-dwelling older adults including the pre-frail elderly. This study has been ongoing since 2005 in Sumida Ward, Tokyo with the ultimate aim of preventing or delaying the need for long-term nursing care. We used the term "pre-frail elderly" for older adults who are at risk of requiring long-term care.Methods "Sumida TAKE10!" consists of a general lecture in a public hall followed by 5 educational sessions biweekly at 4-6 community centers. From 2008 to 2013, 402 participants aged ≥65 years were enrolled and included as subjects of the study. The main outcome measures were changes in 10 food intake frequencies, food frequency score (FFS), dietary variety score (DVS), frequency of exercise (obtained via questionnaire) and physical fitness (5-meter maximal walking time, 5-meter walking time, handgrip strength, one-leg standing time with eyes opened (time to upright posture for standing on one leg with eyes open), and the timed up & go test). The secondary outcome measures were changes in the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence score, appetite, frequency of walking and sports, self-rated health, frequency of leaving the house, communication with neighbors, engagement in hobbies, participation in group activities and participation in volunteer activities (obtained via questionnaire).Results Compared to baseline, all outcomes showed significant improvement. "Sumida TAKE10!" can improve dietary habits and increase the physical activity of participants. Positive secondary effects were seen for life function, self-rated health, and social activities. Almost identical positive results were obtained from the pre-frail elderly group, while improvement was also seen in the dietary habits of the subjects who do not cook.Conclusion These results suggest that this program may be useful for population-based approach programs. In addition, comprehensive programs like TAKE10! may increase the health consciousness of community-dwelling older adults.
本研究的目的是评估“Sumida TAKE10!”综合健康计划，该计划旨在改善社区老年人(包括体弱前老年人)的饮食习惯和促进身体活动。这项研究自2005年以来一直在东京隅田区进行，其最终目的是预防或延迟对长期护理的需求。我们用“体弱前老年人”一词来指代那些有需要长期护理风险的老年人。方法“Sumida TAKE10!”包括在公共大厅举行的一次综合讲座，以及每两周一次在4-6个社区中心举行的5次教育会议。2008 - 2013年，402名年龄≥65岁的受试者被纳入研究。主要结果测量指标为10种食物摄入频率、食物频率评分(FFS)、饮食多样性评分(DVS)、运动频率(通过问卷获得)和身体健康(5米最大步行时间、5米步行时间、握力、单腿睁眼站立时间(睁眼单腿站立到直立姿势的时间)和计时起床测试)的变化。次要结局指标为东京都老年学研究所(Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, TMIG)能力指数得分、食欲、步行和运动频率、自评健康、离家频率、与邻居的沟通、爱好参与、团体活动参与和志愿者活动参与(通过问卷获得)的变化。结果与基线相比，所有结果均有显著改善。“Sumida TAKE10!”可以改善饮食习惯，增加参与者的体力活动。对生活功能、自评健康和社会活动都有积极的二次效应。几乎相同的阳性结果出现在体弱前的老年人组，而不做饭的受试者的饮食习惯也有所改善。结论该程序可用于基于人群的入路程序。此外，TAKE10!可提高社区居住老年人的健康意识。
{"title":"一自治体における複合プログラムによる介護予防事業(すみだテイクテン)の評価","authors":"Mika Kimura, Ai Moriyasu, S. Kumagai, T. Furuna","doi":"10.11236/JPH.63.11_682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/JPH.63.11_682","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comprehensive health program \"Sumida TAKE10!\", which aims to improve dietary habits and promote physical activity among community-dwelling older adults including the pre-frail elderly. This study has been ongoing since 2005 in Sumida Ward, Tokyo with the ultimate aim of preventing or delaying the need for long-term nursing care. We used the term \"pre-frail elderly\" for older adults who are at risk of requiring long-term care.Methods \"Sumida TAKE10!\" consists of a general lecture in a public hall followed by 5 educational sessions biweekly at 4-6 community centers. From 2008 to 2013, 402 participants aged ≥65 years were enrolled and included as subjects of the study. The main outcome measures were changes in 10 food intake frequencies, food frequency score (FFS), dietary variety score (DVS), frequency of exercise (obtained via questionnaire) and physical fitness (5-meter maximal walking time, 5-meter walking time, handgrip strength, one-leg standing time with eyes opened (time to upright posture for standing on one leg with eyes open), and the timed up & go test). The secondary outcome measures were changes in the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence score, appetite, frequency of walking and sports, self-rated health, frequency of leaving the house, communication with neighbors, engagement in hobbies, participation in group activities and participation in volunteer activities (obtained via questionnaire).Results Compared to baseline, all outcomes showed significant improvement. \"Sumida TAKE10!\" can improve dietary habits and increase the physical activity of participants. Positive secondary effects were seen for life function, self-rated health, and social activities. Almost identical positive results were obtained from the pre-frail elderly group, while improvement was also seen in the dietary habits of the subjects who do not cook.Conclusion These results suggest that this program may be useful for population-based approach programs. In addition, comprehensive programs like TAKE10! may increase the health consciousness of community-dwelling older adults.","PeriodicalId":87491,"journal":{"name":"[Kosei kagaku] The Japanese journal of public health","volume":"49 1","pages":"682-693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83254900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives Aiming at improvement of the Japan Health Insurance Association's Specific Health Guidance initiatives and human resource development, we conducted a qualitative study to clarify the features necessary for and the challenges hindering the achievement of good performance of the initiatives.Methods From November 2014 to January 2015, we conducted 10 focus group interviews, each 90 minutes long, with 64 public health nurses from 10 Japan Health Insurance Association branches. In addition, self-administered questionnaires were administered to obtain the participants' basic characteristics. After we excluded one group for failing to meet our performance targets, we divided the remaining nine focus groups according to two patterns: Maintenance and Progress. The four focus groups fitting the Maintenance pattern had a well-established track record, and the five focus groups fitting the Progress pattern had a track record of good growth. Using open coding of the interview transcripts, we extracted efforts or needs in two domains, individual and branch, Then, we placed codes in eight main categories: [quality], [general practice], [dietary guidance practice], [success factor], [branch system], [training and skill development], [approach to the member office], and [past efforts]. We further extracted important subcategories based on their rates of appearance within branches.Results Data from 56 female public health nurses working at nine branches were included in the analysis. With respect to the individual domain, subcategories such as "building rapport," "creating the physical environment," and "taking the initiative in evaluating one's own lifestyle" in the 〈high emphasis〉 segment of the [general practice] category were common to both patterns. In addition, "increasing opportunities for training" and "enhancement of training program content" were found for both patterns in relation to the 〈demand〉 segment of the [training and skill development] category. However, most participants chose "yes" in response to whether there was ample training opportunity.Conclusion This study showed some common efforts and practices among public health nurses in both patterns, which indicates good performance of the Specific Health Guidance initiatives. However, there is a need to further enhance the training program to strengthen the entire organization. Future studies should focus on understanding the characteristics of and factors involved in low-performing branches.
{"title":"特定保健指導の実績が良好な全国健康保険協会の支部における取り組みと課題:保健師のフォーカス・グループインタビューを用いて","authors":"F. Hayashi, Keiko Ozawa, T. Kawabata, Y. Takemi","doi":"10.11236/JPH.63.10_606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/JPH.63.10_606","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Aiming at improvement of the Japan Health Insurance Association's Specific Health Guidance initiatives and human resource development, we conducted a qualitative study to clarify the features necessary for and the challenges hindering the achievement of good performance of the initiatives.Methods From November 2014 to January 2015, we conducted 10 focus group interviews, each 90 minutes long, with 64 public health nurses from 10 Japan Health Insurance Association branches. In addition, self-administered questionnaires were administered to obtain the participants' basic characteristics. After we excluded one group for failing to meet our performance targets, we divided the remaining nine focus groups according to two patterns: Maintenance and Progress. The four focus groups fitting the Maintenance pattern had a well-established track record, and the five focus groups fitting the Progress pattern had a track record of good growth. Using open coding of the interview transcripts, we extracted efforts or needs in two domains, individual and branch, Then, we placed codes in eight main categories: [quality], [general practice], [dietary guidance practice], [success factor], [branch system], [training and skill development], [approach to the member office], and [past efforts]. We further extracted important subcategories based on their rates of appearance within branches.Results Data from 56 female public health nurses working at nine branches were included in the analysis. With respect to the individual domain, subcategories such as \"building rapport,\" \"creating the physical environment,\" and \"taking the initiative in evaluating one's own lifestyle\" in the 〈high emphasis〉 segment of the [general practice] category were common to both patterns. In addition, \"increasing opportunities for training\" and \"enhancement of training program content\" were found for both patterns in relation to the 〈demand〉 segment of the [training and skill development] category. However, most participants chose \"yes\" in response to whether there was ample training opportunity.Conclusion This study showed some common efforts and practices among public health nurses in both patterns, which indicates good performance of the Specific Health Guidance initiatives. However, there is a need to further enhance the training program to strengthen the entire organization. Future studies should focus on understanding the characteristics of and factors involved in low-performing branches.","PeriodicalId":87491,"journal":{"name":"[Kosei kagaku] The Japanese journal of public health","volume":"57 1","pages":"606-617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80492442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVES: Promoting social and leisure activity participation in older adults could be effective in preventing their health decline. However, gender or regional differences in those activities remain unclear despite the necessity of gender- or region-specific approaches to their promotion. This study examined gender and urban-rural differences in going-out, social, and leisure activities among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). Those analyzed were 103,621 people aged 65 or older who were functionally independent and lived in one of 31 municipalities. A total of seven activity variables were assessed with weekly going out, engagement in paid work, monthly and any frequency of engagement in group activities, monthly and any frequency of contact with friends, and having hobbies. We additionally assessed the contents of the group activities and hobbies. Gender, age groups (young-old: 65-74; old-old: 75 and over), and region groups, which were categorized as rural, urban, or metropolitan, were assessed along with education, depression, and other covariates. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine the age group-stratified differences in the going-out, social, and leisure activities among gender and region groups (P<.01). RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men were more likely to engage in weekly going out, paid work, and hobbies but less likely to engage in group activities and contact with friends, either monthly or at any frequency. Most activities were also found to differ significantly among the region groups. For instance, people in metropolitan areas were 2.3 times more likely to engage in weekly going out but were 0.4 (old-old group) or 0.5 times (young-old group) less likely to engage in contact with friends. Percentages of engagement in hobby- or sport-groups were over 20% in all gender and region groups; on the other hand, about 30% differences were found in the percentages of engagement in senior clubs or neighborhood associations between metropolitan and rural men. As for having hobbies, walking/jogging and gardening were popular across all gender and region groups, while the percentages of engagement in a variety of hobbies differed among gender and region groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest 1) differences in the levels of social and leisure activities among gender and region groups and 2) both similarities and differences in the popular group activities or hobbies among gender and region groups. Activity promotion for older adults should be targeted considering these gender and region group characteristics.
{"title":"高齢者の外出行動と社会的・余暇的活動における性差と地域差 JAGES プロジェクトから","authors":"民 斎藤, 克則 近藤, 村田 千代栄, 丞媛 鄭, 佳代 鈴木, 尚己 近藤, Jages グループ","doi":"10.11236/JPH.62.10_596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/JPH.62.10_596","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Promoting social and leisure activity participation in older adults could be effective in preventing their health decline. However, gender or regional differences in those activities remain unclear despite the necessity of gender- or region-specific approaches to their promotion. This study examined gender and urban-rural differences in going-out, social, and leisure activities among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). Those analyzed were 103,621 people aged 65 or older who were functionally independent and lived in one of 31 municipalities. A total of seven activity variables were assessed with weekly going out, engagement in paid work, monthly and any frequency of engagement in group activities, monthly and any frequency of contact with friends, and having hobbies. We additionally assessed the contents of the group activities and hobbies. Gender, age groups (young-old: 65-74; old-old: 75 and over), and region groups, which were categorized as rural, urban, or metropolitan, were assessed along with education, depression, and other covariates. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine the age group-stratified differences in the going-out, social, and leisure activities among gender and region groups (P<.01). RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men were more likely to engage in weekly going out, paid work, and hobbies but less likely to engage in group activities and contact with friends, either monthly or at any frequency. Most activities were also found to differ significantly among the region groups. For instance, people in metropolitan areas were 2.3 times more likely to engage in weekly going out but were 0.4 (old-old group) or 0.5 times (young-old group) less likely to engage in contact with friends. Percentages of engagement in hobby- or sport-groups were over 20% in all gender and region groups; on the other hand, about 30% differences were found in the percentages of engagement in senior clubs or neighborhood associations between metropolitan and rural men. As for having hobbies, walking/jogging and gardening were popular across all gender and region groups, while the percentages of engagement in a variety of hobbies differed among gender and region groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest 1) differences in the levels of social and leisure activities among gender and region groups and 2) both similarities and differences in the popular group activities or hobbies among gender and region groups. Activity promotion for older adults should be targeted considering these gender and region group characteristics.","PeriodicalId":87491,"journal":{"name":"[Kosei kagaku] The Japanese journal of public health","volume":"275 1","pages":"596-608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86731264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-04DOI: 10.1002/9781118451915.CH3
M. Matsuda, A. Goto, Toshio Ogino, Yoshiaki Tanaka
Nanotechnology is developing very quickly, and Japan is in many respects leading the world in this convergence of nanoscale engineering techniques. The public health community in Japan must start to think about the public health impacts of nanotechnology over the next 20 years. The responsibility for the benefits and the harms of nanotechnology lies with government, with corporations and the business community, with scientists and specialists in all related fields, and with NPOs and the public. There are very many questions of public health which are not yet being asked about nanotechnology. If nanoparticles are to be used in cosmetics, food production and packaging, how will they react or interact with the human skin and organs? What chemical-toxic effects on life might there be from the nanoparticles in car tires and vehicle plastic mouldings when they are disposed of by incineration? Will they pass into the soil and groundwater and enter into the food-chain? It is now an urgent ethical demand, based on the precautionary principle, that Japan join the governments of the world to take an intergovernmental initiative to intervene in the further development, production and marketing of nanotechnological products with precautionary research and regulation.
{"title":"Nanotechnology and public health.","authors":"M. Matsuda, A. Goto, Toshio Ogino, Yoshiaki Tanaka","doi":"10.1002/9781118451915.CH3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118451915.CH3","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is developing very quickly, and Japan is in many respects leading the world in this convergence of nanoscale engineering techniques. The public health community in Japan must start to think about the public health impacts of nanotechnology over the next 20 years. The responsibility for the benefits and the harms of nanotechnology lies with government, with corporations and the business community, with scientists and specialists in all related fields, and with NPOs and the public. There are very many questions of public health which are not yet being asked about nanotechnology. If nanoparticles are to be used in cosmetics, food production and packaging, how will they react or interact with the human skin and organs? What chemical-toxic effects on life might there be from the nanoparticles in car tires and vehicle plastic mouldings when they are disposed of by incineration? Will they pass into the soil and groundwater and enter into the food-chain? It is now an urgent ethical demand, based on the precautionary principle, that Japan join the governments of the world to take an intergovernmental initiative to intervene in the further development, production and marketing of nanotechnological products with precautionary research and regulation.","PeriodicalId":87491,"journal":{"name":"[Kosei kagaku] The Japanese journal of public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"923-927"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74479105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomoko Tachibanai, S. Takemura, T. Sone, K. Segami, Naho Kato
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the "competencies" required of public health center directors in "public health emergency responses." METHODS: We selected as our subjects six major public health emergencies in Japan that accorded with a definition of a "health crisis." Their types were: (1) natural disaster; (2) exposure to toxic substances caused by individuals; (3) food poisoning; and (4) accidental hospital infection. Item analysis was conducted using the Incident Analysis Method, based on the "Medical SAFER Technique." RESULTS: The competencies of public health center directors required the following actions: (1) to estimate the impact on local health from the "first notification" of the occurrence and the "initial investigation"; (2) to manage a thorough investigation of causes; (3) to manage organizations undertaking countermeasures; (4) to promptly provide precise information on countermeasures, etc.; and (5) to create systems enabling effective application of countermeasures against recurrence of incidents, and to achieve social consensus. CONCLUSION: For public health preparedness, public health center directors should have the following competencies: (1) the ability to estimate the "impact" of public health emergencies that have occurred or may occur; (2) be able to establish and carry out proactive policies; (3) be persuasive; and (4) have organizational management skills.
{"title":"Competences necessary for Japanese public health center directors in responding to public health emergencies","authors":"Tomoko Tachibanai, S. Takemura, T. Sone, K. Segami, Naho Kato","doi":"10.11236/JPH.52.11_943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11236/JPH.52.11_943","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To clarify the \"competencies\" required of public health center directors in \"public health emergency responses.\" METHODS: We selected as our subjects six major public health emergencies in Japan that accorded with a definition of a \"health crisis.\" Their types were: (1) natural disaster; (2) exposure to toxic substances caused by individuals; (3) food poisoning; and (4) accidental hospital infection. Item analysis was conducted using the Incident Analysis Method, based on the \"Medical SAFER Technique.\" RESULTS: The competencies of public health center directors required the following actions: (1) to estimate the impact on local health from the \"first notification\" of the occurrence and the \"initial investigation\"; (2) to manage a thorough investigation of causes; (3) to manage organizations undertaking countermeasures; (4) to promptly provide precise information on countermeasures, etc.; and (5) to create systems enabling effective application of countermeasures against recurrence of incidents, and to achieve social consensus. CONCLUSION: For public health preparedness, public health center directors should have the following competencies: (1) the ability to estimate the \"impact\" of public health emergencies that have occurred or may occur; (2) be able to establish and carry out proactive policies; (3) be persuasive; and (4) have organizational management skills.","PeriodicalId":87491,"journal":{"name":"[Kosei kagaku] The Japanese journal of public health","volume":"52 1","pages":"943-956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87725526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The housing problems of cities to-day and public health].","authors":"A SATO","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87491,"journal":{"name":"[Kosei kagaku] The Japanese journal of public health","volume":"7 1-2","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27139361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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