Genome dynamics and stability最新文献

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Biochemistry of Meiotic Recombination: Formation, Processing, and Resolution of Recombination Intermediates. 减数分裂重组的生物化学：重组中间体的形成、处理和分解

Genome dynamics and stability

Pub Date : 2008-04-05 DOI: 10.1007/7050_2008_039

Kirk T Ehmsen, Wolf-Dietrich Heyer

Meiotic recombination ensures accurate chromosome segregation during the first meiotic division and provides a mechanism to increase genetic heterogeneity among the meiotic products. Unlike homologous recombination in somatic (vegetative) cells, where sister chromatid interactions prevail and crossover formation is avoided, meiotic recombination is targeted to involve homologs, resulting in crossovers to connect the homologs before anaphase of the first meiotic division. The mechanisms responsible for homolog choice and crossover control are poorly understood, but likely involve meiosis-specific recombination proteins, as well as meiosis-specific chromosome organization and architecture. Much progress has been made to identify and biochemically characterize many of the proteins acting during meiotic recombination. This review will focus on the proteins that generate and process heteroduplex DNA, as well as those that process DNA junctions during meiotic recombination, with particular attention to how recombination activities promote crossover resolution between homologs.

减数分裂重组确保了减数第一次分裂期间染色体的准确分离，并提供了一种增加减数分裂产物遗传异质性的机制。与体细胞（无性生殖细胞）中的同源重组不同，减数分裂中的同源重组主要是姐妹染色单体之间的相互作用，避免交叉形成，而减数分裂重组的目标是涉及同源染色体，从而导致交叉，在减数第一次分裂的无丝分裂之前将同源染色体连接起来。目前对同源物选择和交叉控制的机制了解不多，但可能涉及减数分裂特异性重组蛋白以及减数分裂特异性染色体组织和结构。在对减数分裂重组过程中起作用的许多蛋白质进行鉴定和生物化学特征描述方面取得了很大进展。本综述将重点介绍在减数分裂重组过程中产生和处理异源双链 DNA 的蛋白质，以及处理 DNA 连接的蛋白质，尤其关注重组活动如何促进同源物之间的交叉解析。

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引用次数: 0

Spo11 and the Formation of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Meiosis. 减数分裂中Spo11与DNA双链断裂的形成。

Genome dynamics and stability

Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7050_2007_026

Scott Keeney

Meiotic recombination is carried out through a specialized pathway for the formation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks made by the Spo11 protein, a relative of archaeal topoisomerase VI. This review summarizes recent studies that provide insight to the mechanism of DNA cleavage by Spo11, functional interactions of Spo11 with other proteins required for break formation, mechanisms that control the timing of recombination initiation, and evolutionary conservation and divergence of these processes.

减数分裂重组是通过一个特殊的途径进行的，该途径是由Spo11蛋白(古细菌拓扑异构酶VI的亲戚)制造的DNA双链断裂的形成和修复。本文综述了最近的研究，这些研究提供了对Spo11 DNA切割机制的见解，Spo11与断裂形成所需的其他蛋白质的功能相互作用，控制重组起始时间的机制。以及这些过程的进化守恒和分化。

引用次数: 298

Meiotic Recombination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: A Paradigm for Genetic and Molecular Analysis. 裂糖菌的减数分裂重组:遗传和分子分析的范例。

Genome dynamics and stability

Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/7050_2007_025

Gareth Cromie, Gerald R Smith

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is especially well-suited for both genetic and biochemical analysis of meiotic recombination. Recent studies have revealed ~50 gene products and two DNA intermediates central to recombination, which we place into a pathway from parental to recombinant DNA. We divide recombination into three stages - chromosome alignment accompanying nuclear "horsetail" movement, formation of DNA breaks, and repair of those breaks - and we discuss the roles of the identified gene products and DNA intermediates in these stages. Although some aspects of recombination are similar to those in the distantly related budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, other aspects are distinctly different. In particular, many proteins required for recombination in one species have no clear ortholog in the other, and the roles of identified orthologs in regulating recombination often differ. Furthermore, in S. pombe the dominant joint DNA molecule intermediates contain single Holliday junctions, and intersister joint molecules are more frequent than interhomolog types, whereas in S. cerevisiae interhomolog double Holliday junctions predominate. We speculate that meiotic recombination in other organisms shares features of each of these yeasts.

裂糖酵母特别适合于减数分裂重组的遗传和生化分析。最近的研究发现了约50个基因产物和两个DNA中间产物，我们将其置于亲本DNA到重组DNA的途径中。我们将重组分为三个阶段——伴随核“马尾”运动的染色体对齐、DNA断裂的形成和这些断裂的修复——我们讨论了鉴定的基因产物和DNA中间体在这些阶段中的作用。虽然重组的某些方面与远亲出芽酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)相似，但其他方面却明显不同。特别是，在一个物种中重组所需的许多蛋白质在另一个物种中没有明确的同源物，并且已确定的同源物在调节重组中的作用往往不同。此外，在S. pombe中，优势的连接DNA分子中间体包含单个Holliday连接，姐妹间连接分子比同源间型更频繁，而在S. cerevisiae中，同源间双Holliday连接占主导地位。我们推测，其他生物体中的减数分裂重组具有这些酵母菌的特征。

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引用次数: 37

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