HIV therapy最新文献

英文中文

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-12-14 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.54

Belinda Lee, M. Bower, T. Newsom-Davis, M. Nelson

Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the natural history of HIV infection has changed dramatically, and with it the epidemiology of HIV-related lymphoma. HIV-related lymphomas have increased as a percentage of first AIDS-defining illness. The most prevalent of the HIV-related lymphomas is diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, followed by Burkitt’s lymphoma. Although not considered an AIDS-defining illness, Hodgkin’s lymphoma is increasing in incidence in those with HIV infection. Treatment outcome and prognosis has improved significantly over the last decade. Paradigms of therapy have shifted, with approaches aimed at complete remission rather than palliation. This review discusses the biology and changes in epidemiology of HIV-related lymphoma and also reviews other key developments in the management of this disease.

自从引入高效抗逆转录病毒疗法以来，HIV感染的自然历史发生了巨大变化，HIV相关淋巴瘤的流行病学也随之发生了变化。艾滋病毒相关淋巴瘤在首次确定艾滋病的疾病中所占的百分比有所增加。hiv相关淋巴瘤中最常见的是弥漫性大b细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤，其次是伯基特淋巴瘤。虽然霍奇金淋巴瘤不被认为是艾滋病的定义性疾病，但它在艾滋病毒感染者中的发病率正在上升。治疗结果和预后在过去十年中有了显著改善。治疗的范式已经发生了变化，治疗的目标是完全缓解，而不是缓解。这篇综述讨论了hiv相关淋巴瘤的生物学和流行病学的变化，并回顾了这种疾病管理的其他关键进展。

引用次数: 13

Microbicides: where are we now and what next? 杀菌剂:我们现在在哪里，接下来会发生什么?

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-12-14 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.50

S. McCormack

What have we learnt from CAPRISA 004? The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were not completed in May 2007 when CAPRISA 004 started, leading to criticism regarding the decision to proceed and the choice of dosing schedule [8]. The coitally dependent regimen selected was complex. ‘BAT24’ required women to apply gel within 12 h before sex, to apply a second dose up to 12 h after sex, or as soon as possible after sex if they had not applied a dose before, but no more than two doses in a 24 h period. This two-dose coital strategy was based on the reduction in HIV transmission from mother to child following a single dose of nevirapine for the mother with onset of labor, and a second dose for the child following delivery. In addition, early macaque experiments dosed with oral tenofovir and challenged intravenously s uggested that the postexposure dose was important.

我们从CAPRISA 004中学到了什么?2007年5月CAPRISA 004开始时，药代动力学和药效学研究尚未完成，导致对继续进行的决定和给药计划选择的批评。选择的交配依赖方案是复杂的。“BAT24”要求女性在性行为前12小时内使用凝胶，在性行为后12小时内使用第二剂，如果之前没有使用过，则在性行为后尽快使用，但在24小时内不得超过两次。这种双剂量性交策略的基础是，分娩时母亲服用单剂量奈韦拉平，分娩后孩子服用第二剂量，从而减少母婴之间的艾滋病毒传播。此外，早期给猕猴口服替诺福韦和静脉注射替诺福韦的实验表明，暴露后剂量很重要。

引用次数: 1

HIV Therapy merges with Future Virology HIV治疗与未来病毒学相结合

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-12-14 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.57

Elisa Manzotti, S. Cleghorn

引用次数: 1

Cervical cancer prevention in HIV-infected women in resource-limited settings 资源有限环境中感染艾滋病毒的妇女预防宫颈癌

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-12-14 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.58

G. Parham

Groesbeck Parham is Professor of Gynecologic Oncology and Infectious Diseases in the Department of Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (AL, USA) and Director of the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia’s Cervical Cancer Prevention Program. A native Alabamian, Parham received his BA (1970) from Oberlin College, OH, USA, and medical degree (1981) from the University of Alabama in Birmingham. He completed an obstetrics and gynecology residency (1985) at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, a urogynecology fellowship (1986) at the University of London, UK, and Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan, and a gynecologic oncology fellowship (1988) at the University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. He is a board-certified gynecologic oncologist. Parham moved to Lusaka, Zambia, in 2005 to establish the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia’s Cervical Cancer Prevention Program, which targets HIV-infected women. Before moving to Lusaka he served as director of the divisions of gyn...

Groesbeck Parham是阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校(AL, USA)医学系妇科肿瘤学和传染病学教授，也是赞比亚宫颈癌预防项目传染病研究中心主任。Parham是土生土长的阿拉巴马人，1970年在美国俄亥俄州奥伯林学院获得文学学士学位，1981年在伯明翰阿拉巴马大学获得医学学位。他于1985年在伯明翰阿拉巴马大学完成了妇产科住院医师培训，1986年在英国伦敦大学和苏丹喀土穆教学医院完成了泌尿妇科培训，并于1988年在美国加州尔湾大学完成了妇科肿瘤学培训。他是一名经委员会认证的妇科肿瘤学家。2005年，Parham搬到了赞比亚的卢萨卡，为赞比亚的宫颈癌预防项目建立了传染病研究中心，该项目的目标是感染艾滋病毒的妇女。在搬到卢萨卡之前，他担任妇产科主任。

引用次数: 2

Premature onset of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals: the drugs and the virus hiv感染者早发心血管疾病:药物和病毒

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-12-14 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.53

A. Maisa, Clare L. V. Westhorpe, J. Elliott, A. Jaworowski, A. Hearps, A. Dart, J. Hoy, S. Crowe

Life expectancy in HIV-infected individuals has been greatly enhanced through immunologic restoration and virologic suppression resulting from antiretroviral therapy. Current clinical HIV care in Western countries focuses on treatment of drug toxicities and prevention of comorbidities. These non-AIDS HIV-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, occur even in individuals with virologic suppression and manifest at an earlier age than when normally presenting in the general population. While traditional risk factors are present in many HIV-infected individuals who develop cardiovascular disease, the additional roles of HIV-related chronic inflammation and immune activation as well as chronic HIV viremia may be significant. This review provides current evidence for the contributions of the virus, in terms of both chronic viremia and its contribution via chronic low-level inflammation, immune activation, premature immune senescence and dyslipidemia, to the pathogenesis of HIV-related cardiovascul...

通过抗逆转录病毒治疗的免疫恢复和病毒学抑制，艾滋病毒感染者的预期寿命大大提高。目前西方国家的HIV临床护理侧重于药物毒性的治疗和合并症的预防。这些非艾滋病与艾滋病毒相关的合并症，如心血管疾病，甚至发生在病毒学抑制的个体中，并且比一般人群中正常出现的年龄更早。虽然传统的风险因素存在于许多患心血管疾病的艾滋病毒感染者中，但艾滋病毒相关的慢性炎症和免疫激活以及慢性艾滋病毒血症的额外作用可能是重要的。这篇综述提供了当前的证据，从慢性病毒血症和它通过慢性低水平炎症、免疫激活、免疫过早衰老和血脂异常的贡献来看，hiv相关心血管疾病的发病机制。

引用次数: 4

Lymph node involution, T-cell adaptation and T-cell death in HIV infection. HIV感染中的淋巴结退化、t细胞适应和t细胞死亡。

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-12-14 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.56

I. Picerno, G. Visalli, R. Lentile, G. Piedimonte

Fibrotic tissue involution occurs in a large variety of chronic diseases. As the final phase of follicular atrophy and depletion, a diffuse fibrosis is the more severe consequence of the chronic process of lymph node involution that characterizes HIV infection. This review focuses on the comparison between HIV-induced lymph node fibrosis and other chronic fibroproliferative diseases, in terms of cell types participating in the process and signaling intermediates that together cause the deposition of collagen and remodel normal tissue architecture. Given that the histological quantification of this type of fibrosis cannot be easily introduced as a routine method in clinical pathology, we will discuss the possibility of exploiting some functional modifications, which express the adaptation of T cells to the fibrotic/hypoxic environment, as biochemical markers of the evolution of lymph node damage.

纤维化组织退化发生在多种慢性疾病中。作为滤泡萎缩和耗竭的最后阶段，弥漫性纤维化是HIV感染特征的淋巴结退化的慢性过程的更严重的后果。本文综述了hiv诱导的淋巴结纤维化与其他慢性纤维增生性疾病的比较，包括参与这一过程的细胞类型和共同导致胶原沉积和重塑正常组织结构的信号中间体。鉴于这种类型纤维化的组织学定量不容易作为临床病理学的常规方法引入，我们将讨论利用一些功能修饰的可能性，这些功能修饰表达T细胞对纤维化/缺氧环境的适应性，作为淋巴结损伤演变的生化标志物。

引用次数: 2

The intersection between HIV and syphilis in men who have sex with men: some fresh perspectives. 男男性行为者中艾滋病毒和梅毒的交叉:一些新的观点。

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-12-14 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.55

F. Drummond, R. Guy, J. Kaldor, B. Donovan

Syphilis is increasing in men who have sex with men and disproportionately affects HIV-infected men. Here we review the epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, treatment guidelines, follow-up procedures and control of syphilis. The difference in these factors in HIV-infected men and uninfected men and evidence for this is reviewed. We explain that HIV-infected men are at higher risk of syphilis acquisition as a result of different behavioral factors. Thus, some control strategies may be different for HIV-infected men owing to these factors and also because HIV-infected men are more closely linked with medical care. There is no strong evidence to suggest there should be any differences in diagnostic techniques, treatment guidelines or follow-up procedures between HIV-infected and uninfected men.

梅毒在男男性行为者中的发病率正在上升，对感染艾滋病毒的男性的影响尤为严重。本文综述了梅毒的流行病学、诊断技术、治疗指南、随访程序和控制。本文回顾了感染艾滋病毒的男性和未感染艾滋病毒的男性在这些因素方面的差异及其证据。我们解释说，由于不同的行为因素，感染艾滋病毒的男性感染梅毒的风险更高。因此，由于这些因素，而且由于感染艾滋病毒的男子与医疗保健的联系更为密切，因此对感染艾滋病毒的男子采取的一些控制策略可能有所不同。没有强有力的证据表明，感染艾滋病毒的男子和未感染艾滋病毒的男子在诊断技术、治疗准则或后续程序方面应存在任何差异。

引用次数: 11

Regulatory T cells in HIV immunotherapy. 调节性T细胞在HIV免疫治疗中的应用。

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.2217/hiv.10.51

Bernard Jc Macatangay, Charles R Rinaldo

Significant research has been conducted on the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in HIV infection. To date, however, it is not clear whether Tregs play a detrimental role or a beneficial role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. In fact, a number of immunotherapeutic strategies to control HIV infection have revealed a possible antagonistic role for Tregs. This necessitates investigating ways to counteract the suppressive function, such as through Treg depletion or blockade of specific Treg immunosuppressive mechanisms, without further increasing the cellular immune activation associated with chronic HIV infection. Simply applying Treg immunotherapeutic strategies used in diseases other than HIV may pose problems due to the complexity of HIV immunopathogenesis. Studies are therefore necessary to elucidate the different immunoregulatory networks in HIV infection in order to determine the specific cellular or molecular pathways that can be altered to boost the body's immune control of HIV.

关于调节性T细胞(Tregs)在HIV感染中的作用已经进行了大量的研究。然而，迄今为止，尚不清楚Tregs在HIV感染的发病机制中是起有害作用还是起有益作用。事实上，许多控制HIV感染的免疫治疗策略已经揭示了Tregs可能的拮抗作用。这就需要研究对抗这种抑制功能的方法，例如通过Treg耗竭或阻断特定的Treg免疫抑制机制，而不进一步增加与慢性HIV感染相关的细胞免疫激活。由于艾滋病毒免疫发病机制的复杂性，简单地应用用于艾滋病毒以外疾病的Treg免疫治疗策略可能会带来问题。因此，有必要研究阐明艾滋病毒感染中不同的免疫调节网络，以确定可以改变的特定细胞或分子途径，以增强人体对艾滋病毒的免疫控制。

引用次数: 21

Switching antiretroviral therapy to minimize metabolic complications. 转换抗逆转录病毒治疗以减少代谢并发症。

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.2217/hiv.10.47

Jordan E Lake, Judith S Currier

Advances in HIV therapy have made living with HIV for decades a reality for many patients. However, antiretroviral therapy has been associated with multiple long-term complications, including dyslipidemia, fat redistribution, insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk. As newer agents with improved metabolic profiles have become available, there is growing interest in the safety and efficacy of switching ART as a strategy to reduce long-term complications. This article reviews recently published data on switching ART to minimize the contributions of specific agents to these complications.

艾滋病毒治疗的进步使许多患者几十年来一直生活在艾滋病毒中。然而，抗逆转录病毒治疗与多种长期并发症相关，包括血脂异常、脂肪再分配、胰岛素抵抗和心血管风险增加。随着具有改善代谢特征的新药物的出现，人们对将ART转换为减少长期并发症的策略的安全性和有效性越来越感兴趣。本文回顾了最近发表的关于转换抗逆转录病毒治疗以尽量减少特定药物对这些并发症的影响的数据。

引用次数: 13

On the growing complexity of HIV-1 vaccines 关于HIV-1疫苗日益复杂

HIV therapy

Pub Date : 2010-10-25 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.40

T. Hanke

The development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine continues to pose a formidable challenge. While traditional approaches of live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines are either too dangerous or inefficient, modern and safer subunit vaccines are still in their infancy and struggle to cope with various aspects of HIV-1 biology, including the enormous variability of HIV-1. Three simple prophylactic candidate vaccine strategies have now been tested in human efficacy trials, with only a very marginal and yet to be confirmed success in the most recent one. Thus, HIV-1 immunological control, which may require induction of both broadly neutralizing antibodies and T cells capable of controlling multiple clades and escape variants. At protective levels, an increase in subunit vaccine design complexity is required. I argue that, by analogy to antiretroviral treatment, even a relatively complex vaccine may not only serve to prove the concept, but can be successfully deployed in countries with limited resources and infrast...

研制一种有效的艾滋病毒-1疫苗继续构成一项艰巨的挑战。虽然传统的减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗方法要么太危险，要么效率低下，但现代和更安全的亚单位疫苗仍处于起步阶段，难以应对艾滋病毒-1生物学的各个方面，包括艾滋病毒-1的巨大可变性。目前已经在人体功效试验中测试了三种简单的预防性候选疫苗策略，在最近的一次试验中，只有非常有限且尚未得到证实的成功。因此，HIV-1的免疫控制可能需要诱导广泛中和的抗体和能够控制多个分支和逃逸变体的T细胞。在保护水平上，需要增加亚单位疫苗设计的复杂性。我认为，与抗逆转录病毒治疗类似，即使是一种相对复杂的疫苗，也可能不仅有助于证明这一概念，而且可以在资源和基础设施有限的国家成功部署。

引用次数: 4

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

HIV therapy

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀