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Veteran and military mental health: the Australian experience 退伍军人和军人心理健康:澳大利亚的经验
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-11-01 DOI: 10.1192/S1749367600004641
D. Forbes, O. Metcalf
Australia has deployed over 25 000 personnel to recent conflicts in the Middle East and has been involved in peacekeeping missions. Australian veterans report elevated rates of mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, affective disorders and substance use disorders. Veteran healthcare is delivered through publicly funded services, as well as through private services, at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Some of the challenges involve coordination of services for veterans transitioning from Defence to Veterans’ Affairs, service delivery across a large continent and stigma inhibiting service-seeking. Initiatives have been introduced in screening and delivery of evidence-based treatments. While challenges remain, Australia has come a long way towards an integrated and comprehensive approach to veteran mental healthcare.
澳大利亚在中东最近的冲突中部署了25 000多名人员，并参与了维持和平任务。澳大利亚退伍军人报告称，创伤后应激障碍、焦虑症、情感障碍和物质使用障碍等心理健康问题的发病率有所上升。退伍军人保健通过公共资助的服务机构以及私人服务机构在初级、二级和三级提供。其中一些挑战涉及退伍军人服务从国防过渡到退伍军人事务的协调，跨大洲的服务提供以及阻碍寻求服务的耻辱。在筛查和提供循证治疗方面采取了举措。尽管挑战依然存在，但澳大利亚在对退伍军人精神保健采取综合和全面的办法方面取得了很大进展。
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引用次数: 3
Out of the shadows: mental health of Canadian armed forces veterans 走出阴影:加拿大武装部队退伍军人的心理健康
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-11-01 DOI: 10.1192/S1749367600004653
James M. Thompson, M. Zamorski, D. Fikretoglu, L. VanTil, J. Sareen, M. MacLean, Pasqualina Carrese, S. Macintosh, D. Pedlar
In the past 15 years in Canada, as in other nations, the mental health of veterans has emerged as a key concern for both government and the public. As mental health service enhancement unfolded, the need for wider population studies became apparent. This paper describes the renewal of services and key findings from national surveys of serving personnel and veterans.
在过去的15年里，加拿大和其他国家一样，退伍军人的心理健康已经成为政府和公众关注的一个关键问题。随着精神卫生服务的加强，进行更广泛的人口研究的必要性变得明显。本文介绍了服务的更新和主要发现从全国调查在职人员和退伍军人。
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引用次数: 1
Prison is not the right place for people with mental disorders: the Brazilian case 监狱并不适合精神障碍患者:巴西的案例
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1192/S1749367600004495
M. M. dos Santos, Silvia Viodres Inoue, M. I. Quintana, S. L. Blay, J. Mari, S. B. Andreoli
The large number of individuals with severe mental disorders in prisons worldwide has alarming implications, which leads to the question of the appropriateness of the prison system for people with this type of morbidity. This article discusses these implications, the problems in therapeutic approaches and the legal aspects in the Brazilian context.
世界各地监狱中有大量严重精神障碍患者，这一现象具有令人震惊的影响，从而引发了监狱系统是否适合此类患者的问题。这篇文章讨论了这些影响，在治疗方法和巴西的法律方面的问题。
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引用次数: 3
Canada’s mental health legislation 加拿大的精神健康立法
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1192/S1749367600004525
R. O'reilly, J. E. Gray
In Canada the ten provinces and three territories are responsible for their own health laws and services. The 13 mental health acts have core similarities, but there are clinically significant differences. In most Canadian jurisdictions legislation is based on common law; in Quebec, it is based on a civil code. Canadian jurisdictions favour voluntary admission and sometimes make this explicit in their mental health acts. For involuntary admission or compulsory in-patient or community treatment to be valid, three elements must be applied correctly: the process, the criteria and the rights procedures. These are reviewed in this paper.
在加拿大，10个省和3个地区负责自己的卫生法律和服务。13种心理健康行为具有核心相似性，但在临床上存在显著差异。在大多数加拿大司法管辖区，立法以普通法为基础;在魁北克，它是基于民法典。加拿大的司法管辖区倾向于自愿入院，有时在他们的精神健康法案中明确表示这一点。要使非自愿住院或强制住院或社区治疗有效，必须正确应用三个要素:程序、标准和权利程序。本文对这些方面进行了综述。
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引用次数: 6
A new Mental Health Act for Malta 马耳他新的精神卫生法
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1192/S1749367600004537
A. Zahra, M. Camilleri, J. Cachia
Until recently, the care of persons with mental disorder in Malta was regulated by mental health legislation enacted in 1976. This was closely modelled on the 1959 British Mental Health Act. Now, the Mental Health Act 2012 is being implemented in two steps, in 2013 and 2014. The paper reviews its provisions.
直到最近，马耳他对精神障碍患者的护理还受到1976年颁布的精神卫生法的管制。这是仿效1959年英国精神卫生法制定的。现在，《2012年精神卫生法》分两步在2013年和2014年实施。本文回顾了其条款。
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引用次数: 0
A survey of the mental healthcare systems in five Francophone countries in West Africa: Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Niger and Togo 对西非五个法语国家的精神卫生保健系统的调查:巴林、布基纳法索、Côte科特迪瓦、尼日尔和多哥
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1192/S1749367600004549
D. D. Maiga, J. Eaton
Sub-Saharan Africa has a wide mental health treatment gap, with low levels of access to mental health services. This paper presents the findings of systematic situation analyses carried out in five Francophone countries in West Africa, which are among the poorest in the world. The findings showed low levels of budgetary allocation to mental health, poor health infrastructure (especially at primary level) and unequal distribution of human and financial resources. In this challenging context, there are signs of reform of services, based on international best-practice guidelines and practical considerations such as decentralisation of services, task-sharing and strengthening stakeholder skills to advocate for change.
撒哈拉以南非洲的精神卫生治疗差距很大，获得精神卫生服务的水平很低。本文介绍了在西非五个法语国家进行的系统情况分析的结果，这些国家是世界上最贫穷的国家之一。调查结果显示，对精神卫生的预算拨款水平低，卫生基础设施差(特别是初级卫生基础设施差)，人力和财政资源分配不平等。在这一具有挑战性的背景下，有迹象表明，根据国际最佳实践准则和实际考虑因素，如服务权力下放、任务分担和加强利益攸关方技能，倡导变革，服务业将进行改革。
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引用次数: 3
Prisoner mental health in the USA 美国囚犯的心理健康
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1192/S174936760000446X
N. Bark
The mental health of prisoners in the USA is affected by American history: Dorothea Dix’s 1830s campaign; the Civil War and slavery; presidential interventions; the Great Depression; and the introduction of Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act. In 1934, the ratio of prisoners to mental hospital patients was 0.4; now, it is 3:1, with states varying from 10:1 to 1:1. Those states with the highest ratios also have the highest rates of imprisonment and the lowest expenditures on mental health. Litigation is likely to improve mental health services in prisons and to keep people who are mentally ill out of prisons.
美国囚犯的心理健康受到美国历史的影响:多萝西娅·迪克斯19世纪30年代的运动;南北战争和奴隶制;总统干预;大萧条;以及医疗补助和平价医疗法案的引入。1934年，囚犯与精神病院病人之比为0.4;现在是3:1，状态从10:1到1:1不等。比率最高的州，监禁率也最高，心理健康支出最低。诉讼可能会改善监狱的心理健康服务，并使精神病患者远离监狱。
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引用次数: 11
The management of mental health problems among prisoners in England and Wales 英格兰和威尔士囚犯心理健康问题的管理
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1192/S1749367600004483
J. Senior, L. Appleby, J. Shaw
This paper reviews the major organisational changes made to the delivery of mental healthcare in prisons in England and Wales since the turn of the century. These changes have included the introduction of ‘in-reach’ services for prisoners with serious mental illness, replicating the work of community mental health teams. In addition, healthcare budgets and commissioning responsibilities have been transferred to the National Health Service. Measures to reduce the rate of suicide in prisons are also considered.
本文回顾了世纪之交以来在英格兰和威尔士监狱提供精神保健的主要组织变化。这些变化包括为患有严重精神疾病的囚犯提供"触手可及"的服务，复制了社区精神卫生队的工作。此外，保健预算和委托责任已移交给国家保健服务机构。还考虑了降低监狱自杀率的措施。
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引用次数: 2
Is there a resumption of political psychiatry in the former Soviet Union? 前苏联是否恢复了政治精神病学？
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-08-01
Robert van Voren

After the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis in the spring of 2014, the former Soviet Union again became front-page news. The sequence of events led to an atmosphere reminiscent of the Cold War. In Russia itself it led to a hunt for 'national traitors' and 'foreign agents' and observers both inside the country and abroad fear a return to Soviet-style repression. For the outside world this may come as a surprise, but human rights activists have been ringing the alarm bells for a few years. Ever since Vladimir Putin took power, the human rights situation has deteriorated. One of the warning signs was the return of the use of psychiatry for political purposes, to 'prevent' social or political activism or to ostracise an activist.

2014年春季乌克兰危机爆发后，前苏联再次成为头版新闻。一连串的事件导致了一种让人想起冷战的气氛。在俄罗斯，这导致了对“国家叛徒”和“外国特工”的追捕，国内外的观察家都担心苏联式的镇压会卷土重来。对于外界来说，这可能是一个惊喜，但人权活动人士几年来一直在敲响警钟。自从弗拉基米尔·普京掌权以来，人权状况一直在恶化。其中一个警告信号是，将精神病学重新用于政治目的，以“阻止”社会或政治激进主义或排斥激进主义者。
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引用次数: 0
CORRESPONDENCE. 信件。
International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Pub Date : 2014-08-01
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引用次数: 0
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International psychiatry : bulletin of the Board of International Affairs of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
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