Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67135
M. Mostofa
Contrary to the commonly held notion that Sufis are generally apolitical, contemporary scholars on Sufism, in general, have reached a consensus that Sufism has always been tinged with political colour. However, this perspective, though dominant, seems to under-appreciate the nuances of Sufism and at the same time denies Sufis' capacity to remain non-partisan whenever they choose to be. Against this backdrop, this article attempts to investigate four Sufi-regimes that have been politically active in contemporary Bangladesh. Analysing their evolution, it explains the stage in their growth when such regimes are likely to remain non-partisan and when they are likely to shed their visibly apolitical stance, take noticeably more political positions and/or form political party. It argues that before taking on an explicitly political character, a typical Sufi-regime usually undergoes at least three identifiable phases – namely, recognition, expansion and stabilisation, and lastly discipline through organisation. According to the analytical model presented here, Sufis in the recognition and expansion phase are unlikely to join politics, while those with a disciplined group of followers and murids can participate in the political process with a minimum level of encouragement from their respective surroundings. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 1-32
{"title":"An Enquiry into how Political Sufi-Regimes Evolve in Contemporary Bangladesh","authors":"M. Mostofa","doi":"10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67135","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to the commonly held notion that Sufis are generally apolitical, contemporary scholars on Sufism, in general, have reached a consensus that Sufism has always been tinged with political colour. However, this perspective, though dominant, seems to under-appreciate the nuances of Sufism and at the same time denies Sufis' capacity to remain non-partisan whenever they choose to be. Against this backdrop, this article attempts to investigate four Sufi-regimes that have been politically active in contemporary Bangladesh. Analysing their evolution, it explains the stage in their growth when such regimes are likely to remain non-partisan and when they are likely to shed their visibly apolitical stance, take noticeably more political positions and/or form political party. It argues that before taking on an explicitly political character, a typical Sufi-regime usually undergoes at least three identifiable phases – namely, recognition, expansion and stabilisation, and lastly discipline through organisation. According to the analytical model presented here, Sufis in the recognition and expansion phase are unlikely to join politics, while those with a disciplined group of followers and murids can participate in the political process with a minimum level of encouragement from their respective surroundings. \u0000Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 1-32","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"29 17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86999162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67141
Ananda Bhattacharyya
Amales Tripathi was a brilliant teacher at Presidency College and the University of Calcutta. He was academically associated with the Asiatic Society, Calcutta. Tripathi's study deals with Bengal during a period in which the great Presidency served as the political, financial, and commercial base of the East India Company. Tripathi touches on many aspects of the trade, shipping, and finances of the Company in Bengal. His initial research work was in economic history, and the doctoral thesis was published as Trade and Finance in Bengal Presidency, 1793- 1833. The work remains the standard work on agency houses and private trade under Company rule in Bengal. Professor Tripathi was highly influenced by F. P. Braudel’s monumental work The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (translated from French into English in 1972-73). Even he was also influenced by Holden Furber’s John Company at Work, the first in-depth analysis of the English East India Company‘s Asian activities between 1783 and 1793 and by C. H. Philips’s The English East India Company 1789-1834(1940) which was based on Namerian philosophy. Professor Tripathi discarded the over simplifying approach and denunciatory tone. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 134-145
{"title":"Spectrum of views of the late Professor Amales Tripathi in history, literature, and philosophy","authors":"Ananda Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67141","url":null,"abstract":"Amales Tripathi was a brilliant teacher at Presidency College and the University of Calcutta. He was academically associated with the Asiatic Society, Calcutta. Tripathi's study deals with Bengal during a period in which the great Presidency served as the political, financial, and commercial base of the East India Company. Tripathi touches on many aspects of the trade, shipping, and finances of the Company in Bengal. His initial research work was in economic history, and the doctoral thesis was published as Trade and Finance in Bengal Presidency, 1793- 1833. The work remains the standard work on agency houses and private trade under Company rule in Bengal. Professor Tripathi was highly influenced by F. P. Braudel’s monumental work The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (translated from French into English in 1972-73). Even he was also influenced by Holden Furber’s John Company at Work, the first in-depth analysis of the English East India Company‘s Asian activities between 1783 and 1793 and by C. H. Philips’s The English East India Company 1789-1834(1940) which was based on Namerian philosophy. Professor Tripathi discarded the over simplifying approach and denunciatory tone. \u0000Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 134-145","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"421 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78118273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67140
N. Ferdousi
The older people need inclusive attention and care equally like any other segment of the population. Like different regions of the world, many Asian countries have already started to pay attention in developing elderly support programs and legal framework. Bangladesh is far behind from many Asian countries in ensuring proper protection and minimum social security services for the senior citizens. At present, the traditional joint family structures have broken down and familial support to the older people have been reduced drastically. Due to absence of proper protective mechanism, millions of older people is living a miserable life within and outside the family. Moreover, community home-based care and residential care facilities has not developed yet in the country. Rather, the concept of old homes, caregivers and rehabilitation centers are getting popular as well. Accordingly, there is no regulatory framework or monitoring authority specifically for old homes and centers. Traditionally it is not much appreciated by the society because of the prevailing social, cultural, and religious norms of the country. Hence, it is the need of time to address the issue of the elderly shelter homes and provide them care in a better way. This study focuses on socio-legal aspects of old homes in Bangladesh and possible recommendations for the betterments of the elderly care delivery. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 119-134
{"title":"Socio-Legal Aspects of Old Homes in Bangladesh: An Analysis","authors":"N. Ferdousi","doi":"10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67140","url":null,"abstract":"The older people need inclusive attention and care equally like any other segment of the population. Like different regions of the world, many Asian countries have already started to pay attention in developing elderly support programs and legal framework. Bangladesh is far behind from many Asian countries in ensuring proper protection and minimum social security services for the senior citizens. At present, the traditional joint family structures have broken down and familial support to the older people have been reduced drastically. Due to absence of proper protective mechanism, millions of older people is living a miserable life within and outside the family. Moreover, community home-based care and residential care facilities has not developed yet in the country. Rather, the concept of old homes, caregivers and rehabilitation centers are getting popular as well. Accordingly, there is no regulatory framework or monitoring authority specifically for old homes and centers. Traditionally it is not much appreciated by the society because of the prevailing social, cultural, and religious norms of the country. Hence, it is the need of time to address the issue of the elderly shelter homes and provide them care in a better way. This study focuses on socio-legal aspects of old homes in Bangladesh and possible recommendations for the betterments of the elderly care delivery. \u0000Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 119-134","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89986754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67138
Sabnam Sarmin Luna, A. Sood
Overseas migration has attracted a lot of attention from policymakers and academics in Bangladesh. The writings and debates on migration in Bangladesh have centred around the economic benefits of migration as well as its social implications. This paper is a contribution to this literature. The detailed analysis of emigration patterns using the data provided by the BMET, but not aggregated and complied before, adds to the ongoing debates on overseas migration in Bangladesh. Disaggregate analysis is provided in this paper, from the 2004 till date, on the overseas migration of men and women over the years, along with their occupation, age, and skill profile. In addition, this paper brings a regional dimension into the discussion of the migration literature in Bangladesh. The sharp variation in the intensity of overseas migrations across the different districts of Bangladesh gives us new insights for policy that links overseas migration as a panacea for some of the development challenges that the country faces. The reach of overseas migration to give gains to households that are in highly underdeveloped regions remains limited and, in some ways, continues to keep them trapped in a vicious circle of underdevelopment. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 69-97
{"title":"Dynamics of Emigration: Bangladesh Case","authors":"Sabnam Sarmin Luna, A. Sood","doi":"10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67138","url":null,"abstract":"Overseas migration has attracted a lot of attention from policymakers and academics in Bangladesh. The writings and debates on migration in Bangladesh have centred around the economic benefits of migration as well as its social implications. This paper is a contribution to this literature. The detailed analysis of emigration patterns using the data provided by the BMET, but not aggregated and complied before, adds to the ongoing debates on overseas migration in Bangladesh. Disaggregate analysis is provided in this paper, from the 2004 till date, on the overseas migration of men and women over the years, along with their occupation, age, and skill profile. In addition, this paper brings a regional dimension into the discussion of the migration literature in Bangladesh. The sharp variation in the intensity of overseas migrations across the different districts of Bangladesh gives us new insights for policy that links overseas migration as a panacea for some of the development challenges that the country faces. The reach of overseas migration to give gains to households that are in highly underdeveloped regions remains limited and, in some ways, continues to keep them trapped in a vicious circle of underdevelopment. \u0000Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 69-97","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79047011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67139
Jennifar Jahan
‘Blame shifting’ or ‘deflection’ is generally a psychological process where something is passed over to someone else in an attempt to draw attention away. It is a type of defense regarded as emotionally unmannerly. But in this paper, blame shifting has been presented as a positive aspect, representing a general phase that children go through during their first language acquisition period. When children acquire meaning, they shift blame, that starts as a psychological process but linguistically represents the creative use of language in different ways. In this paper, I tried to present the phase of blame shifting of ten participant children as a medium of meaning construction in their first language acquisition process. In an attempt to break the stereotypical assumption of the term ‘blame’, this paper would try to reflect how children shift blame on others as a part of their language development by manipulating language use and cognitive intelligence. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 99-118
{"title":"Blame Shifting: A Unique Phase in Bengali Children’s Meaning Acquisition Process","authors":"Jennifar Jahan","doi":"10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67139","url":null,"abstract":"‘Blame shifting’ or ‘deflection’ is generally a psychological process where something is passed over to someone else in an attempt to draw attention away. It is a type of defense regarded as emotionally unmannerly. But in this paper, blame shifting has been presented as a positive aspect, representing a general phase that children go through during their first language acquisition period. When children acquire meaning, they shift blame, that starts as a psychological process but linguistically represents the creative use of language in different ways. In this paper, I tried to present the phase of blame shifting of ten participant children as a medium of meaning construction in their first language acquisition process. In an attempt to break the stereotypical assumption of the term ‘blame’, this paper would try to reflect how children shift blame on others as a part of their language development by manipulating language use and cognitive intelligence. \u0000Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 99-118","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74148802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67137
Md Abdul Halim
The aim of this study is to show the cultural untranslatability of Rabindranath Tagore’s Gora (1910) by analyzing the translation of the novel by W.W Pearson. Both the source and translated texts are studied using the content analysis method keeping the central motif in mind. The present research paper finds that Gora is so deeply rooted in Bengali cultural issues, that the translator has faced immense difficulties in making those cultural substances familiar to the target audience. The translator has used some strategies for overcoming cultural untranslatability such as borrowing and naturalization, definition, addition, substitution, transliteration, cultural equivalence, omission, etc. but in spite of the use of these strategies, the translation remains at a distance from the source text. However, the translator has mostly employed one approach, but on rare occasions he has utilized more than one, for example, transliteration with addition or definition, to give the intended audience a clear understanding of what is being said. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 57-68
{"title":"The Strategies for Overcoming Cultural Untranslatability: The Case of Rabindranath Tagore’s Gora","authors":"Md Abdul Halim","doi":"10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67137","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to show the cultural untranslatability of Rabindranath Tagore’s Gora (1910) by analyzing the translation of the novel by W.W Pearson. Both the source and translated texts are studied using the content analysis method keeping the central motif in mind. The present research paper finds that Gora is so deeply rooted in Bengali cultural issues, that the translator has faced immense difficulties in making those cultural substances familiar to the target audience. The translator has used some strategies for overcoming cultural untranslatability such as borrowing and naturalization, definition, addition, substitution, transliteration, cultural equivalence, omission, etc. but in spite of the use of these strategies, the translation remains at a distance from the source text. However, the translator has mostly employed one approach, but on rare occasions he has utilized more than one, for example, transliteration with addition or definition, to give the intended audience a clear understanding of what is being said. \u0000Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 57-68","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91098142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67159
Harun-or Rashid
Abstract not available Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 147-152
《孟加拉亚洲学会杂志》(Hum.)， Vol. 68(1)， 2023, pp. 147-152
{"title":"Bangabandhu and Bangladesh, Sharif uddin Ahmed (ed.), (Dhaka: The University Press Limited and North South University 2021),","authors":"Harun-or Rashid","doi":"10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract not available \u0000Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp. 147-152","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88635503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67136
Moshahida Sultana
The declining cost of solar technology and declaration of Japan, China, and Korea to not invest in new coal power plants has opened up new possibilities for the expansion of solar deployment worldwide. Bangladesh has also scrapped the plan to build new coal power plant like many other lower middle-income countries in Asia. However, the lower middle-income countries were not able to take the opportunity of the declining solar cost in last one decade and the growth of solar remained in the formative phase for most of the developing countries. Bangladesh has already missed the target to generate 10% from renewable by the year 2020. The increasing emphasis on solar globally and locally has pushed the government to set ambitious targets without considering the techno-economic, socio-technical, and political feasibility of solar. This research has used process tracing based on policy documents and interviews to explore the mechanisms through which solar deployment grew slowly in Bangladesh. Then, this paper found out the feasible, moderately feasible, ambitious, and highly ambitious solar targets of Bangladesh and identified the factors that can increase the multi-dimensional feasibility of solar targets. It shows that market mechanism alone cannot increase feasibility of the target and argues that socio-technical and political feasibility must also be considered in setting realistic target. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp.33-56
{"title":"Multi-dimensional Feasibility of Bangladesh’s Solar Power Target","authors":"Moshahida Sultana","doi":"10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbh.v68i1.67136","url":null,"abstract":"The declining cost of solar technology and declaration of Japan, China, and Korea to not invest in new coal power plants has opened up new possibilities for the expansion of solar deployment worldwide. Bangladesh has also scrapped the plan to build new coal power plant like many other lower middle-income countries in Asia. However, the lower middle-income countries were not able to take the opportunity of the declining solar cost in last one decade and the growth of solar remained in the formative phase for most of the developing countries. Bangladesh has already missed the target to generate 10% from renewable by the year 2020. The increasing emphasis on solar globally and locally has pushed the government to set ambitious targets without considering the techno-economic, socio-technical, and political feasibility of solar. This research has used process tracing based on policy documents and interviews to explore the mechanisms through which solar deployment grew slowly in Bangladesh. Then, this paper found out the feasible, moderately feasible, ambitious, and highly ambitious solar targets of Bangladesh and identified the factors that can increase the multi-dimensional feasibility of solar targets. It shows that market mechanism alone cannot increase feasibility of the target and argues that socio-technical and political feasibility must also be considered in setting realistic target. \u0000Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 68(1), 2023, pp.33-56","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"25 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78330688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Persecution: the Vietnamese paradigm.","authors":"S R Ahmed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"46 2","pages":"373-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28618535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transformation of colonial criminal law in early 19th-century Bengal: discursive formations.","authors":"S Malik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Humanities","volume":"46 1","pages":"47-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28618536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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