Pub Date : 2009-08-08DOI: 10.1007/S12376-009-0015-7
I. Ilkilic
{"title":"Coming to Grips with Genetic Exceptionalism: Roots and Reach of an Explanatory Model","authors":"I. Ilkilic","doi":"10.1007/S12376-009-0015-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S12376-009-0015-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88587,"journal":{"name":"Medicine studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/S12376-009-0015-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53088814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-25DOI: 10.1007/S12376-009-0010-Z
D. Kevles
{"title":"Eugenics, the Genome, and Human Rights","authors":"D. Kevles","doi":"10.1007/S12376-009-0010-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S12376-009-0010-Z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88587,"journal":{"name":"Medicine studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/S12376-009-0010-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53088657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-19DOI: 10.1007/S12376-009-0012-X
D. Birnbacher
{"title":"Thresholds of Coercion in Genetic Testing","authors":"D. Birnbacher","doi":"10.1007/S12376-009-0012-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S12376-009-0012-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88587,"journal":{"name":"Medicine studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/S12376-009-0012-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53088756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01Epub Date: 2009-09-10DOI: 10.1007/s12376-009-0014-8
Maria E Kronfeldner
This article illustrates in which sense genetic determinism is still part of the contemporary interactionist consensus in medicine. Three dimensions of this consensus are discussed: kinds of causes, a continuum of traits ranging from monogenetic diseases to car accidents, and different kinds of determination due to different norms of reaction. On this basis, this article explicates in which sense the interactionist consensus presupposes the innate-acquired distinction. After a descriptive Part 1, Part 2 reviews why the innate-acquired distinction is under attack in contemporary philosophy of biology. Three arguments are then presented to provide a limited and pragmatic defense of the distinction: an epistemic, a conceptual, and a historical argument. If interpreted in a certain manner, and if the pragmatic goals of prevention and treatment (ideally specifying what medicine and health care is all about) are taken into account, then the innate-acquired distinction can be a useful epistemic tool. It can help, first, to understand that genetic determination does not mean fatalism, and, second, to maintain a system of checks and balances in the continuing nature-nurture debates.
{"title":"Genetic Determinism and the Innate-Acquired Distinction in Medicine.","authors":"Maria E Kronfeldner","doi":"10.1007/s12376-009-0014-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12376-009-0014-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article illustrates in which sense genetic determinism is still part of the contemporary interactionist consensus in medicine. Three dimensions of this consensus are discussed: kinds of causes, a continuum of traits ranging from monogenetic diseases to car accidents, and different kinds of determination due to different norms of reaction. On this basis, this article explicates in which sense the interactionist consensus presupposes the innate-acquired distinction. After a descriptive Part 1, Part 2 reviews why the innate-acquired distinction is under attack in contemporary philosophy of biology. Three arguments are then presented to provide a limited and pragmatic defense of the distinction: an epistemic, a conceptual, and a historical argument. If interpreted in a certain manner, and if the pragmatic goals of prevention and treatment (ideally specifying what medicine and health care is all about) are taken into account, then the innate-acquired distinction can be a useful epistemic tool. It can help, first, to understand that genetic determination does not mean fatalism, and, second, to maintain a system of checks and balances in the continuing nature-nurture debates.</p>","PeriodicalId":88587,"journal":{"name":"Medicine studies","volume":"1 2","pages":"167-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12376-009-0014-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28780802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01Epub Date: 2009-07-24DOI: 10.1007/s12376-009-0013-9
Hub Zwart
From 1900 onwards, scientists and novelists have explored the contours of a future society based on the use of "anthropotechnologies" (techniques applicable to human beings for the purpose of performance enhancement ranging from training and education to genome-based biotechnologies). Gradually but steadily, the technologies involved migrated from (science) fiction into scholarly publications, and from "utopia" (or "dystopia") into science. Building on seminal ideas borrowed from Nietzsche, Peter Sloterdijk has outlined the challenges inherent in this development. Since time immemorial, and at least since the days of Plato's Academy, human beings have been interested in possibilities for (physical or mental) performance enhancement. We are constantly trying to improve ourselves, both collectively and individually, for better or for worse. At present, however, new genomics-based technologies are opening up new avenues for self-amelioration. Developments in research facilities using animal models may to a certain extent be seen as expeditions into our own future. Are we able to address the bioethical and biopolitical issues awaiting us? After analyzing and assessing Sloterdijk's views, attention will shift to a concrete domain of application, namely sport genomics. For various reasons, top athletes are likely to play the role of genomics pioneers by using personalized genomics information to adjust diet, life-style, training schedules and doping intake to the strengths and weaknesses of their personalized genome information. Thus, sport genomics may be regarded as a test bed where the contours of genomics-based self-management are tried out.
{"title":"From Utopia to Science: Challenges of Personalised Genomics Information for Health Management and Health Enhancement.","authors":"Hub Zwart","doi":"10.1007/s12376-009-0013-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12376-009-0013-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From 1900 onwards, scientists and novelists have explored the contours of a future society based on the use of \"anthropotechnologies\" (techniques applicable to human beings for the purpose of performance enhancement ranging from training and education to genome-based biotechnologies). Gradually but steadily, the technologies involved migrated from (science) fiction into scholarly publications, and from \"utopia\" (or \"dystopia\") into science. Building on seminal ideas borrowed from Nietzsche, Peter Sloterdijk has outlined the challenges inherent in this development. Since time immemorial, and at least since the days of Plato's Academy, human beings have been interested in possibilities for (physical or mental) performance enhancement. We are constantly trying to improve ourselves, both collectively and individually, for better or for worse. At present, however, new genomics-based technologies are opening up new avenues for self-amelioration. Developments in research facilities using animal models may to a certain extent be seen as expeditions into our own future. Are we able to address the bioethical and biopolitical issues awaiting us? After analyzing and assessing Sloterdijk's views, attention will shift to a concrete domain of application, namely sport genomics. For various reasons, top athletes are likely to play the role of genomics pioneers by using personalized genomics information to adjust diet, life-style, training schedules and doping intake to the strengths and weaknesses of their personalized genome information. Thus, sport genomics may be regarded as a test bed where the contours of genomics-based self-management are tried out.</p>","PeriodicalId":88587,"journal":{"name":"Medicine studies","volume":"1 2","pages":"155-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12376-009-0013-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28780665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-25DOI: 10.1007/S12376-009-0011-Y
H. Fangerau
{"title":"Genetics and the Value of Life: Historical Dimensions","authors":"H. Fangerau","doi":"10.1007/S12376-009-0011-Y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S12376-009-0011-Y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88587,"journal":{"name":"Medicine studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/S12376-009-0011-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53088737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-19DOI: 10.1007/S12376-009-0008-6
A. Atala
{"title":"Regenerative Medicine: Past and Present","authors":"A. Atala","doi":"10.1007/S12376-009-0008-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S12376-009-0008-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88587,"journal":{"name":"Medicine studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"11-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/S12376-009-0008-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53088568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-19DOI: 10.1007/S12376-008-0003-3
D. Stapleton
{"title":"Tissue Culture and Tissue Culture Technologies at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research: Roots of Regenerative Medicine, 1910–1950","authors":"D. Stapleton","doi":"10.1007/S12376-008-0003-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S12376-008-0003-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88587,"journal":{"name":"Medicine studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/S12376-008-0003-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53088311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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