The genus Bifidobacterium comprises beneficial intestinal bacteria that play a crucial role in the regulation of human health. Traditional prebiotics are known to increase intestinal bifidobacteria by supplying a carbon source necessary for their growth. However, intestinal bifidobacteria need not only a carbon source but also a nitrogen source for growth. Moreover, the growth of bifidobacteria is known to be inhibited in a culture medium that does not contain glutamic acid. Based on these reports, we hypothesized that the combined intake of traditional prebiotics and glutamic acid would be beneficial for growth of bifidobacteria in the gut. In this study, we investigated the effects of the combination of galactooligosaccharide (GOS; traditional prebiotic material) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA; source of glutamic acid) and only GOS on the intestinal microbiota and health conditions (including intestinal regulation, mood status, gastrointestinal condition, skin condition, and sleep quality) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial in healthy subjects. The combined intake of GOS and γ-PGA significantly increased the prevalence of B. longum compared to the intake of GOS alone. A minimum effective dose of 2.0 g GOS and 0.3 g γ-PGA improved defecation and mood status. We revealed the combined effects of GOS and γ-PGA on intestinal microbiota as well as physical condition and concluded that the delivery of glutamic acid to the large intestine with traditional prebiotics is useful as an advanced prebiotic.
双歧杆菌属包括有益的肠道细菌,在调节人类健康中起着至关重要的作用。众所周知,传统的益生元通过提供肠道双歧杆菌生长所需的碳源来增加肠道双歧杆菌。然而,肠道双歧杆菌的生长不仅需要碳源,还需要氮源。此外,已知双歧杆菌的生长在不含谷氨酸的培养基中受到抑制。基于这些报道,我们假设传统益生元和谷氨酸的联合摄入将有利于肠道内双歧杆菌的生长。在本研究中,我们研究了半乳糖低聚糖(GOS);传统益生元材料)和聚γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA;在一项随机、双盲、平行组比较试验中,健康受试者的肠道微生物群和健康状况(包括肠道调节、情绪状态、胃肠道状况、皮肤状况和睡眠质量)的差异。与单独摄入GOS相比,GOS和γ-PGA联合摄入显著增加了长芽孢杆菌的患病率。最小有效剂量2.0 g GOS和0.3 g γ-PGA可改善排便和情绪状态。我们揭示了GOS和γ-PGA对肠道微生物群和身体状况的联合影响,并得出结论,传统益生元将谷氨酸输送到大肠是一种有用的高级益生元。
{"title":"Combination of poly-γ-glutamic acid and galactooligosaccharide improves intestinal microbiota, defecation status, and relaxed mood in humans: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial.","authors":"Kentaro Umeda, Atsuko Ikeda, Ryo Uchida, Ikuko Sasahara, Tomoyuki Mine, Hitoshi Murakami, Keishi Kameyama","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Bifidobacterium</i> comprises beneficial intestinal bacteria that play a crucial role in the regulation of human health. Traditional prebiotics are known to increase intestinal bifidobacteria by supplying a carbon source necessary for their growth. However, intestinal bifidobacteria need not only a carbon source but also a nitrogen source for growth. Moreover, the growth of bifidobacteria is known to be inhibited in a culture medium that does not contain glutamic acid. Based on these reports, we hypothesized that the combined intake of traditional prebiotics and glutamic acid would be beneficial for growth of bifidobacteria in the gut. In this study, we investigated the effects of the combination of galactooligosaccharide (GOS; traditional prebiotic material) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA; source of glutamic acid) and only GOS on the intestinal microbiota and health conditions (including intestinal regulation, mood status, gastrointestinal condition, skin condition, and sleep quality) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial in healthy subjects. The combined intake of GOS and γ-PGA significantly increased the prevalence of <i>B. longum</i> compared to the intake of GOS alone. A minimum effective dose of 2.0 g GOS and 0.3 g γ-PGA improved defecation and mood status. We revealed the combined effects of GOS and γ-PGA on intestinal microbiota as well as physical condition and concluded that the delivery of glutamic acid to the large intestine with traditional prebiotics is useful as an advanced prebiotic.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/df/bmfh-42-034.PMC9816053.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9103333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationships between various diseases and the human gut microbiota (GM) have been revealed. However, the relationships between the human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and GM remains unknown. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to clarify the association between the human AAA and GM. Stool samples from 30 consecutive patients with AAA before aneurysm repair and those of 30 controls without vascular diseases were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene (V3-4) sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq system and QIIME 2. There was no significant difference in age (75 vs. 75 years) or gender (80% vs. 87% males) between the groups. No significant difference in GM composition was observed in principal coordinate analysis between the two groups, whereas the AAA group showed a significantly lower abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (p<0.01) at the species level than the controls. This study demonstrated that the abundance of B. adolescentis decreased in patients with AAA. This is the first study to show the characteristics of the GM in patients with AAA. Studies are needed to reveal if causal relationships exists between the human AAA and GM.
各种疾病与人体肠道菌群之间的关系已被揭示。然而,人腹主动脉瘤(AAA)与GM之间的关系尚不清楚。本横断面研究的目的是澄清人类AAA与GM之间的关系。使用Illumina MiSeq系统和QIIME 2,通过16S rRNA基因(V3-4)测序分析了30例连续动脉瘤修复前AAA患者和30例无血管疾病的对照组的粪便样本。两组患者在年龄(75岁vs. 75岁)或性别(80% vs. 87%男性)上无显著差异。主坐标分析结果显示,两组间转基因成分无显著差异,而AAA组的青少年双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescent, pB)丰度显著低于AAA组。这是第一个显示AAA患者中GM特征的研究,需要进一步研究来揭示人类AAA与GM之间是否存在因果关系。
{"title":"Impact of <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i> in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Eisaku Ito, Takao Ohki, Naoki Toya, Hikaru Nakagawa, Ayako Horigome, Toshitaka Odamaki, Jin-Zhong Xiao, Shigeo Koido, Yuriko Nishikawa, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Nobuhiro Sato","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationships between various diseases and the human gut microbiota (GM) have been revealed. However, the relationships between the human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and GM remains unknown. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to clarify the association between the human AAA and GM. Stool samples from 30 consecutive patients with AAA before aneurysm repair and those of 30 controls without vascular diseases were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene (V3-4) sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq system and QIIME 2. There was no significant difference in age (75 vs. 75 years) or gender (80% vs. 87% males) between the groups. No significant difference in GM composition was observed in principal coordinate analysis between the two groups, whereas the AAA group showed a significantly lower abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i> (p<0.01) at the species level than the controls. This study demonstrated that the abundance of <i>B. adolescentis</i> decreased in patients with AAA. This is the first study to show the characteristics of the GM in patients with AAA. Studies are needed to reveal if causal relationships exists between the human AAA and GM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/ac/bmfh-42-081.PMC9816055.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9103339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainable livestock production requires reducing competition for food and feed resources and increasing the utilization of food by-products in livestock feed. This study describes the establishment of an anaerobic batch culture model to simulate pig microbiota and evaluate the effects of a food by-product, wakame seaweed stalks, on ex vivo microbial communities. We selected one of the nine media to support the growth of a bacterial community most similar in composition and diversity to that observed in pig donor feces. Supplementation with wakame altered the microbial profile and short-chain fatty acid composition in the ex vivo model, and a similar trajectory was observed in the in vivo pig experimental validation. Notably, the presence of wakame increased the abundance of Lactobacillus species, which may have been due to cross-feeding with Bacteroides. These results suggest the potential of wakame as a livestock feed capable of modulating the pig microbiome. Collectively, this study highlights the ability to estimate the microbiome changes that occur when pigs are fed a specific feed using an ex vivo culture model.
{"title":"Establishment of porcine fecal-derived <i>ex vivo</i> microbial communities to evaluate the impact of livestock feed on gut microbiome","authors":"Yuji TSUJIKAWA, Keita NISHIYAMA, Fu NAMAI, Yoshiya IMAMURA, Taiga SAKUMA, Sudeb SAHA, Masahiko SUZUKI, Mitsuki SAKURAI, Ryo IWATA, Kengo MATSUO, Hironori TAKAMORI, Yoshihito SUDA, Binghui ZHOU, Itsuko FUKUDA, Julio VILLENA, Iwao SAKANE, Ro OSAWA, Haruki KITAZAWA","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2023-085","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable livestock production requires reducing competition for food and feed resources and increasing the utilization of food by-products in livestock feed. This study describes the establishment of an anaerobic batch culture model to simulate pig microbiota and evaluate the effects of a food by-product, wakame seaweed stalks, on ex vivo microbial communities. We selected one of the nine media to support the growth of a bacterial community most similar in composition and diversity to that observed in pig donor feces. Supplementation with wakame altered the microbial profile and short-chain fatty acid composition in the ex vivo model, and a similar trajectory was observed in the in vivo pig experimental validation. Notably, the presence of wakame increased the abundance of Lactobacillus species, which may have been due to cross-feeding with Bacteroides. These results suggest the potential of wakame as a livestock feed capable of modulating the pig microbiome. Collectively, this study highlights the ability to estimate the microbiome changes that occur when pigs are fed a specific feed using an ex vivo culture model.","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135703754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angiogenesis is a highly regulated biological event and requires the participation of neutrophils, which are innate immune cells, to initiate the systematic responses. Some strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be used for probiotics that provide functional modifications in our immune systems. Here, we show that oral administration of Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC393 promoted inflammatory angiogenesis accompanied by enhanced neutrophil activity. Heat-killed L. casei (HK-LC) administration improved angiogenesis in a murine hind-limb ischemia (HLI) model. The recruitment and activity of neutrophils were enhanced by HK-LC administration under the HLI conditions. Our results provide novel evidence of an immunological contribution of LAB uptake in the prevention of or recovery from cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Oral administration of <i>Lacticaseibacillus casei</i> ATCC393 promotes angiogenesis by enhancing neutrophil activity in a murine hind-limb ischemia model.","authors":"Suguru Saito, Musin Kelel","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angiogenesis is a highly regulated biological event and requires the participation of neutrophils, which are innate immune cells, to initiate the systematic responses. Some strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be used for probiotics that provide functional modifications in our immune systems. Here, we show that oral administration of <i>Lacticaseibacillus casei</i> ATCC393 promoted inflammatory angiogenesis accompanied by enhanced neutrophil activity. Heat-killed <i>L. casei</i> (HK-LC) administration improved angiogenesis in a murine hind-limb ischemia (HLI) model. The recruitment and activity of neutrophils were enhanced by HK-LC administration under the HLI conditions. Our results provide novel evidence of an immunological contribution of LAB uptake in the prevention of or recovery from cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/2e/bmfh-42-094.PMC9816049.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9103336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted to elucidate the dietary effects of canna starch on the immune functions and intestinal luminal environment in mice. The amylose and resistant starch characteristics were determined for six types of starch, including edible canna. Canna starch was found to be higher in amylose and resistant starch compared with the other starches. BALB/c mice were fed 3.16% (low-canna group) and 6.32% (high-canna group) canna starch for 2 weeks, and then intestinal parameters were measured. Fecal IgA and mucin levels were markedly elevated by canna starch intake. IgA levels in serum and spleen lymphocytes were elevated by canna starch intake in the high-canna group, but not in the low-canna group. When the mice were fed canna starch, the cecum weight increased, and the pH in the cecum decreased. The high-canna group had significantly increased levels of Clostridium subcluster XIVa lactic acid, acetic acid, and n-butyric acid in the cecum compared with the control group. These results suggested that canna starch supplementation changed the intestinal microbiota and enhanced the intestinal immune and barrier functions and cecal organic acids in mice.
{"title":"Canna starch improves immune functions and the intestinal environment in mice.","authors":"Mamoru Tanaka, Ayaka Koida, Akira Miyazaki, Kazushi Tabata, Yuichiro Takei, Yoshihumi Tanimoto, Mami Kawamura, Masafumi Tsuzuki, Haruka Takahashi, Tetsu Yano, Hiroyuki Watanabe","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was conducted to elucidate the dietary effects of canna starch on the immune functions and intestinal luminal environment in mice. The amylose and resistant starch characteristics were determined for six types of starch, including edible canna. Canna starch was found to be higher in amylose and resistant starch compared with the other starches. BALB/c mice were fed 3.16% (low-canna group) and 6.32% (high-canna group) canna starch for 2 weeks, and then intestinal parameters were measured. Fecal IgA and mucin levels were markedly elevated by canna starch intake. IgA levels in serum and spleen lymphocytes were elevated by canna starch intake in the high-canna group, but not in the low-canna group. When the mice were fed canna starch, the cecum weight increased, and the pH in the cecum decreased. The high-canna group had significantly increased levels of <i>Clostridium</i> subcluster XIVa lactic acid, acetic acid, and n-butyric acid in the cecum compared with the control group. These results suggested that canna starch supplementation changed the intestinal microbiota and enhanced the intestinal immune and barrier functions and cecal organic acids in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/f2/bmfh-42-131.PMC10067328.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9252566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dietary calcium supplementation has been shown to be an effective adjunct therapy in an inflammatory bowel disease model. Soluble dietary fiber reduces intestinal pH and is known to enhance calcium absorption. Although many circadian clock regulations of nutrient absorption in the intestinal tract have been reported, the effects of clock regulation on calcium absorption have yet to be understood. In this study, we investigated the timing of efficient calcium intake by measuring urinary calcium excretion in mice. The diurnal variations in channel-forming tight junctions (claudins) were detected in both the jejunum and ileum. Following 2 days of feeding with a Ca2+-free diet, Ca2+-containing diets with or without soluble fiber (inulin) were fed at specific timings, and urine was subsequently examined every 4 hr. There was an evident increase in urinary calcium concentration when the inulin diet was fed at the beginning of the resting period. The Claudin 2 (Cldn2) expression level also showed a significant day-night change, which seemed to be a mechanism for the increased calcium excretion after inulin intake. This diurnal rhythm and enhanced Cldn2 expression were abolished by disruption of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the central clock in the hypothalamus. This study suggests that intestinal calcium absorption might be modulated by the circadian clock and that the intake of inulin is more effective at the beginning of the resting period in mice.
{"title":"Effect of circadian clock and claudin regulations on inulin-induced calcium absorption in the mouse intestinal tract.","authors":"Kazuto Shiga, Atsushi Haraguchi, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Yu Tahara, Kanami Orihara, Shigenobu Shibata","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary calcium supplementation has been shown to be an effective adjunct therapy in an inflammatory bowel disease model. Soluble dietary fiber reduces intestinal pH and is known to enhance calcium absorption. Although many circadian clock regulations of nutrient absorption in the intestinal tract have been reported, the effects of clock regulation on calcium absorption have yet to be understood. In this study, we investigated the timing of efficient calcium intake by measuring urinary calcium excretion in mice. The diurnal variations in channel-forming tight junctions (claudins) were detected in both the jejunum and ileum. Following 2 days of feeding with a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-free diet, Ca<sup>2+</sup>-containing diets with or without soluble fiber (inulin) were fed at specific timings, and urine was subsequently examined every 4 hr. There was an evident increase in urinary calcium concentration when the inulin diet was fed at the beginning of the resting period. The <i>Claudin 2</i> (<i>Cldn2</i>) expression level also showed a significant day-night change, which seemed to be a mechanism for the increased calcium excretion after inulin intake. This diurnal rhythm and enhanced <i>Cldn2</i> expression were abolished by disruption of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the central clock in the hypothalamus. This study suggests that intestinal calcium absorption might be modulated by the circadian clock and that the intake of inulin is more effective at the beginning of the resting period in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/45/92/bmfh-42-114.PMC10067330.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9258286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryuichi Saito, Naoki Sato, Yoichi Okino, Dian-Sheng Wang, Genichiro Seo
Clostridium butyricum TO-A, Enterococcus faecium T-110, and Bacillus subtilis TO-A are sold as oral probiotic preparations and reportedly exhibit many beneficial effects on the health of hosts, including humans and livestock. In this study, we compared the ability of these clinically applied probiotic bacteria with Escherichia coli OP50 in extending the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. To compare the C. elegans lifespan-extending effects of the three bacteria, experiments were performed using a nematode growth medium containing a small amount of trypticase soy agar. The maximum lifespans of worms fed C. butyricum TO-A, E. faecium T-110, or B. subtilis TO-A increased by 11, 12, and 26%, respectively, compared with worms fed E. coli OP50. In addition, we conducted a metabolomic analysis of methanol extracts of B. subtilis TO-A cells, which exhibited the strongest lifespan-extending effect on C. elegans among the probiotic bacteria tested in this study. As a result, 59 candidate substances involved in extending the lifespan of C. elegans were identified in B. subtilis TO-A cells.
{"title":"<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> TO-A extends the lifespan of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.","authors":"Ryuichi Saito, Naoki Sato, Yoichi Okino, Dian-Sheng Wang, Genichiro Seo","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridium butyricum</i> TO-A, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> T-110, and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> TO-A are sold as oral probiotic preparations and reportedly exhibit many beneficial effects on the health of hosts, including humans and livestock. In this study, we compared the ability of these clinically applied probiotic bacteria with <i>Escherichia coli</i> OP50 in extending the lifespan of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. To compare the <i>C. elegans</i> lifespan-extending effects of the three bacteria, experiments were performed using a nematode growth medium containing a small amount of trypticase soy agar. The maximum lifespans of worms fed <i>C. butyricum</i> TO-A, <i>E. faecium</i> T-110, or <i>B. subtilis</i> TO-A increased by 11, 12, and 26%, respectively, compared with worms fed <i>E. coli</i> OP50. In addition, we conducted a metabolomic analysis of methanol extracts of <i>B. subtilis</i> TO-A cells, which exhibited the strongest lifespan-extending effect on <i>C. elegans</i> among the probiotic bacteria tested in this study. As a result, 59 candidate substances involved in extending the lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> were identified in <i>B. subtilis</i> TO-A cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/e9/bmfh-42-124.PMC10067327.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9258287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Tursi, Paola Mastromarino, Daniela Capobianco, Walter Elisei, Giuseppe Campagna, Marcello Picchio, GianMarco Giorgetti, Federica Fabiocchi, Giovanni Brandimarte
In this letter, assessment of the amount of fecal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) is described. Among 44 consecutive patients, comprising 15 SUDD patients, 13 patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis (AD), and 16 healthy controls (HC), the fecal amount of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was not found to be significantly different between HC, AD and SUDD subjects (p=0.871). Moreover, its count in the HC microbiota (−4.57 ± 2.15) was lower compared with those in the AD (−4.11 ± 1.03) and SUDD subjects (−4.03 ± 1.299). This behavior seems to be different from that occurring in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and similar to that of other mucin-degrading species in a SUDD setting.
{"title":"<i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> is not decreased in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon.","authors":"Antonio Tursi, Paola Mastromarino, Daniela Capobianco, Walter Elisei, Giuseppe Campagna, Marcello Picchio, GianMarco Giorgetti, Federica Fabiocchi, Giovanni Brandimarte","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-046","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, assessment of the amount of fecal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) is described. Among 44 consecutive patients, comprising 15 SUDD patients, 13 patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis (AD), and 16 healthy controls (HC), the fecal amount of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was not found to be significantly different between HC, AD and SUDD subjects (p=0.871). Moreover, its count in the HC microbiota (−4.57 ± 2.15) was lower compared with those in the AD (−4.11 ± 1.03) and SUDD subjects (−4.03 ± 1.299). This behavior seems to be different from that occurring in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and similar to that of other mucin-degrading species in a SUDD setting.","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/dc/bmfh-42-001.PMC9816050.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10554210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improvements in genome analysis technology using next-generation sequencing have revealed that abnormalities in the composition of the intestinal microbiota are important in numerous diseases. Furthermore, intestinal commensal pathogens that are directly involved in the onset and exacerbation of disease have been identified. Specific control of them is strongly desired. However, antibiotics are not appropriate for the control of intestinal commensal pathogens because they may kill beneficial bacteria as well. The intestinal tract contains many viruses: most are bacteriophages (phages) that infect intestinal bacteria rather than viruses that infect human cells. Phages have very high specificity for their host bacteria. Therefore, phage therapy is considered potentially useful for controlling intestinal commensal pathogens. However, the intestinal tract is a specialized, anaerobic environment, and it is impossible to isolate phages that infect host intestinal bacteria if the bacteria cannot be cultured. Furthermore, genomic analysis methods for intestinal phages have not been well established, so until recently, a complete picture of the intestinal phage has not been clear. In this review, I summarize the importance of next-generation phage therapy based on metagenomic data and describe a novel therapy against Clostridioides difficile developed using such data.
{"title":"Metagenome data-based phage therapy for intestinal bacteria-mediated diseases.","authors":"Kosuke Fujimoto","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improvements in genome analysis technology using next-generation sequencing have revealed that abnormalities in the composition of the intestinal microbiota are important in numerous diseases. Furthermore, intestinal commensal pathogens that are directly involved in the onset and exacerbation of disease have been identified. Specific control of them is strongly desired. However, antibiotics are not appropriate for the control of intestinal commensal pathogens because they may kill beneficial bacteria as well. The intestinal tract contains many viruses: most are bacteriophages (phages) that infect intestinal bacteria rather than viruses that infect human cells. Phages have very high specificity for their host bacteria. Therefore, phage therapy is considered potentially useful for controlling intestinal commensal pathogens. However, the intestinal tract is a specialized, anaerobic environment, and it is impossible to isolate phages that infect host intestinal bacteria if the bacteria cannot be cultured. Furthermore, genomic analysis methods for intestinal phages have not been well established, so until recently, a complete picture of the intestinal phage has not been clear. In this review, I summarize the importance of next-generation phage therapy based on metagenomic data and describe a novel therapy against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> developed using such data.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e4/5e/bmfh-42-008.PMC9816054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10554211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several bacterial strains, including probiotic strains, have undergone evaluations for their safety and potential beneficial health effects. Some of these strains have been introduced into various markets, including that for infant products. However, certain probiotic strains have been linked to serious infections in infants, such as septicemia and meningitis. Given this, it is crucial to assess the safety of each probiotic strain, including those of Bifidobacterium, which is a common genus of probiotics. One such strain, Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 (NITE BP-31), referred to as OLB6378 hereafter, has been selected for use in infants. To determine its genotoxicity and general toxicity potential, a heat-treated OLB6378 concentrate was subjected to various tests, including the bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosome aberration test, in vivo micronucleus test, and single- and 90-day oral gavage toxicity studies in rats. No significant differences were observed compared with negative controls in any of genotoxicity tests. The single-dose toxicity study employed dose levels of 560, 1,693, and 5,092 mg/kg, representing the total solid contents of culture concentrates containing OLB6378 (equivalent to 8.1 × 1011, 2.4 × 1012, and 7.4 × 1012 cells/kg of Bifidobacterium, respectively). In the 90-day toxicity study, dose levels of 280, 853, and 2,546 mg/kg/day were used (equivalent to 4.0 × 1011, 1.2 × 1012, and 3.7 × 1012 cells/kg/day, respectively). Importantly, the heat-treated OLB6378 concentrate did not induce any signs of toxicity in any of the conducted toxicity studies. In conclusion, the heat-treated OLB6378 concentrate exhibited no genotoxicity potential, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level in the 90-day toxicity study was determined to be 2,546 mg/kg/day (equivalent to 3.7 × 1012 cells/kg/day). This suggests that heat-treated OLB6378 can be safely utilized as a food source.
{"title":"Safety evaluation of a heat-treated <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum </i>OLB6378 concentrate","authors":"Misato TSUBOI, Masaki TERAHARA, Masashi NAGATA, Toyohisa KATSUMATA, Takahiro ISHII, Masayuki KATO, Yoshitaka NAKAMURA","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2023-044","url":null,"abstract":"Several bacterial strains, including probiotic strains, have undergone evaluations for their safety and potential beneficial health effects. Some of these strains have been introduced into various markets, including that for infant products. However, certain probiotic strains have been linked to serious infections in infants, such as septicemia and meningitis. Given this, it is crucial to assess the safety of each probiotic strain, including those of Bifidobacterium, which is a common genus of probiotics. One such strain, Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 (NITE BP-31), referred to as OLB6378 hereafter, has been selected for use in infants. To determine its genotoxicity and general toxicity potential, a heat-treated OLB6378 concentrate was subjected to various tests, including the bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosome aberration test, in vivo micronucleus test, and single- and 90-day oral gavage toxicity studies in rats. No significant differences were observed compared with negative controls in any of genotoxicity tests. The single-dose toxicity study employed dose levels of 560, 1,693, and 5,092 mg/kg, representing the total solid contents of culture concentrates containing OLB6378 (equivalent to 8.1 × 1011, 2.4 × 1012, and 7.4 × 1012 cells/kg of Bifidobacterium, respectively). In the 90-day toxicity study, dose levels of 280, 853, and 2,546 mg/kg/day were used (equivalent to 4.0 × 1011, 1.2 × 1012, and 3.7 × 1012 cells/kg/day, respectively). Importantly, the heat-treated OLB6378 concentrate did not induce any signs of toxicity in any of the conducted toxicity studies. In conclusion, the heat-treated OLB6378 concentrate exhibited no genotoxicity potential, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level in the 90-day toxicity study was determined to be 2,546 mg/kg/day (equivalent to 3.7 × 1012 cells/kg/day). This suggests that heat-treated OLB6378 can be safely utilized as a food source.","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134890191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}