Background: Few studies have investigated the pain-reducing effects of bupivacaine after laparoscopic hysterectomy. Therefore, this study compared the efficacy of three methods of bupivacaine injection—subcutaneous injection into the trocar site, intraperitoneal injection, and posterior transversus abdominis muscle block under laparoscopic guidance—for reducing pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy; the efficacy of each method was also compared with that of placebo. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study included 95 patients with good general health who underwent elective laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease in 2021. The patients were allocated into three intervention groups (subcutaneous injection of 10 cc bupivacaine 0.25%, heavy under trocar sites; 10 cc bupivacaine 0.25%, heavy injection into the transversus abdominis plane block; and 10 cc bupivacaine 0.25%, heavy intraperitoneal injection) and a control group. Abdominal and shoulder pain 2–4, 8, 12, and 24 h after the surgery were compared between groups. Results: The four groups were homogenous in age, weight, height, body mass index, surgery duration, surgery type, and family history of cancer (P > 0.05). The mean abdominal and shoulder pain score significantly decreased from the first time point (hours 2–4) to 8, 12, and 24 hours after surgery in the trocar site, intraperitoneal, and control groups (P < 0.001). However, we did not observe a significant decrease in abdominal and shoulder pain in the transversus abdominis plane block group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicates that bupivacaine administration methods of transversus abdominis plane block and trocar site injection are effective and safe for reducing pain following laparoscopic hysterectomy.
{"title":"Efficacy of trocar site, intraperitoneal, and laparoscopically guided posterior transversus abdominis muscle bupivacaine injection for reducing pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy surgery: A double-blind randomized clinical trial","authors":"Masoomeh Nataj Majd, Zahra Asgari, Narjes Marjani, Parand Gheshlaghi, Mahroo Rezaeinejad, Mina Fatehnejad","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i9.831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i9.831","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Few studies have investigated the pain-reducing effects of bupivacaine after laparoscopic hysterectomy. Therefore, this study compared the efficacy of three methods of bupivacaine injection—subcutaneous injection into the trocar site, intraperitoneal injection, and posterior transversus abdominis muscle block under laparoscopic guidance—for reducing pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy; the efficacy of each method was also compared with that of placebo. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study included 95 patients with good general health who underwent elective laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease in 2021. The patients were allocated into three intervention groups (subcutaneous injection of 10 cc bupivacaine 0.25%, heavy under trocar sites; 10 cc bupivacaine 0.25%, heavy injection into the transversus abdominis plane block; and 10 cc bupivacaine 0.25%, heavy intraperitoneal injection) and a control group. Abdominal and shoulder pain 2–4, 8, 12, and 24 h after the surgery were compared between groups. Results: The four groups were homogenous in age, weight, height, body mass index, surgery duration, surgery type, and family history of cancer (P > 0.05). The mean abdominal and shoulder pain score significantly decreased from the first time point (hours 2–4) to 8, 12, and 24 hours after surgery in the trocar site, intraperitoneal, and control groups (P < 0.001). However, we did not observe a significant decrease in abdominal and shoulder pain in the transversus abdominis plane block group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicates that bupivacaine administration methods of transversus abdominis plane block and trocar site injection are effective and safe for reducing pain following laparoscopic hysterectomy.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v10i9.834
Salami Shakiru Ademola, Amasiatu Chioma Irenemarie, Allen Michael Olabode, Salahdeen Hussein Mofomosara, Murtala Babatunde Adekunle
Introduction: The role of Tridax procumbens leaf extract in erectile dysfunction (ED) of chronic variable stress (CVS) etiology is unknown. This study investigates the potential of the ethanol fraction of Tridax procumbens leaf (EETP) in modulation of CVS-induced ED. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Groups 1 & 2 (without stress) were treated with normal saline (vehicle) and 100 mg/kg of EETP, respectively. Groups 3–5 were treated as stress groups, with Group 3 co-treated with 100 mg/kg of EETP, and group 4 co-treated with vitamin C (7 mg/kg). Treatments were administered by oral gavage once daily for seven weeks. Oxidative biomarkers, cortisol, testosterone, and sperm parameters were determined, as well as the contractile mechanism of the corpus cavernosa to cumulative doses of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside. Furthermore, the contractile mechanism was also determined after incubation in acetovanillone, nicorandil, methyl blue, and glibenclamide. Results: Serum cortisol was significantly reduced, while testosterone was significantly increased in the EETP supplemented groups when compared to the CVS-only exposed group. Furthermore, malonaldehyde activity was decreased while superoxide dismutase concentration was increased in the EETP- and vitamin C-supplemented groups when compared to the CVS-only exposed group. Contraction (%) responses to calcium chloride and potassium chloride were also significantly reduced in the CVS-only exposed group when compared to the EETP-supplemented groups. The relaxation responses (%) to acetylcholine and SNP were significantly increased in the CVS group supplemented with EETP and vitamin C when compared to the CVS-only exposed group. The incubation of the cavernosa tissues in acetovanillone and nicorandil resulted in increased relaxation (%) in the CVS-only group, while incubation in glibenclamide caused increased relaxation in the EETP-supplemented groups compared to CVSonly exposed group. Sperm motility (%) was significantly reduced while abnormal spermatozoa was increased in the CVS-only exposed group when compared to the groups supplemented with EETP and Vitamin C. Conclusion: Variable stress-induced dysfunctions in erectile mechanism were attenuated through supplementation with EETP.
{"title":"Tridax procumbens leaf antioxidants and hormonal activity ameliorate variable stress-induced erectile and reproductive impairments in Wistar rats","authors":"Salami Shakiru Ademola, Amasiatu Chioma Irenemarie, Allen Michael Olabode, Salahdeen Hussein Mofomosara, Murtala Babatunde Adekunle","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i9.834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i9.834","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The role of Tridax procumbens leaf extract in erectile dysfunction (ED) of chronic variable stress (CVS) etiology is unknown. This study investigates the potential of the ethanol fraction of Tridax procumbens leaf (EETP) in modulation of CVS-induced ED. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Groups 1 & 2 (without stress) were treated with normal saline (vehicle) and 100 mg/kg of EETP, respectively. Groups 3–5 were treated as stress groups, with Group 3 co-treated with 100 mg/kg of EETP, and group 4 co-treated with vitamin C (7 mg/kg). Treatments were administered by oral gavage once daily for seven weeks. Oxidative biomarkers, cortisol, testosterone, and sperm parameters were determined, as well as the contractile mechanism of the corpus cavernosa to cumulative doses of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside. Furthermore, the contractile mechanism was also determined after incubation in acetovanillone, nicorandil, methyl blue, and glibenclamide. Results: Serum cortisol was significantly reduced, while testosterone was significantly increased in the EETP supplemented groups when compared to the CVS-only exposed group. Furthermore, malonaldehyde activity was decreased while superoxide dismutase concentration was increased in the EETP- and vitamin C-supplemented groups when compared to the CVS-only exposed group. Contraction (%) responses to calcium chloride and potassium chloride were also significantly reduced in the CVS-only exposed group when compared to the EETP-supplemented groups. The relaxation responses (%) to acetylcholine and SNP were significantly increased in the CVS group supplemented with EETP and vitamin C when compared to the CVS-only exposed group. The incubation of the cavernosa tissues in acetovanillone and nicorandil resulted in increased relaxation (%) in the CVS-only group, while incubation in glibenclamide caused increased relaxation in the EETP-supplemented groups compared to CVSonly exposed group. Sperm motility (%) was significantly reduced while abnormal spermatozoa was increased in the CVS-only exposed group when compared to the groups supplemented with EETP and Vitamin C. Conclusion: Variable stress-induced dysfunctions in erectile mechanism were attenuated through supplementation with EETP.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v10i9.829
Swati Dixit, Haseeb Ahsan, Fahim Halim Khan
COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The three main receptors used by SARS-CoV-2 to bind and gain entry into human cells are ACE, TMPRSS2, and CD147. These molecular factors have crucial roles in human metabolism and homeostasis, but the upregulation of these factors causes severe diseases such as myocarditis, prostate cancer, and other endocrine-related cancers. Studies have found that once humans come into contact with SARS-CoV-2, the chances of being affected by such disorders increase; indeed, infection with the virus is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from heart attacks and pulmonary inflammation. Notably, exposure to some pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid, which are identified as potential endocrine disruptors, causes such disorders by interfering with hormonal signaling pathways, such as the insulinglucagon pathway and the thyroid pathway. This review focuses on the potential role of pesticides in exacerbating the comorbidities linked with SARS-CoV-2 and their effect on the molecular factors associated with SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the potential therapeutic implications of this link between SARS-CoV-2 severity and pesticides requires further clinical trials and investigations.
{"title":"Endocrine-disrupting pesticides and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Role of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CD147","authors":"Swati Dixit, Haseeb Ahsan, Fahim Halim Khan","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i9.829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i9.829","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The three main receptors used by SARS-CoV-2 to bind and gain entry into human cells are ACE, TMPRSS2, and CD147. These molecular factors have crucial roles in human metabolism and homeostasis, but the upregulation of these factors causes severe diseases such as myocarditis, prostate cancer, and other endocrine-related cancers. Studies have found that once humans come into contact with SARS-CoV-2, the chances of being affected by such disorders increase; indeed, infection with the virus is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from heart attacks and pulmonary inflammation. Notably, exposure to some pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid, which are identified as potential endocrine disruptors, causes such disorders by interfering with hormonal signaling pathways, such as the insulinglucagon pathway and the thyroid pathway. This review focuses on the potential role of pesticides in exacerbating the comorbidities linked with SARS-CoV-2 and their effect on the molecular factors associated with SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the potential therapeutic implications of this link between SARS-CoV-2 severity and pesticides requires further clinical trials and investigations.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.820
Nurul Asyikin Nizam Akbar, Mohd Nazri Hassan, Salfarina Iberahim, Nur Ilyia Syazwani Saidin, Wardah Roslan, Nur Ain Izzati Abd Halim, Abu Dzarr Abdullah, Hany Hakimi Wan Hanafi, Nur Diyana Mohd Shukri, Sumaiyah Adzahar
The present case report describes the uncommon and adverse plasmablastic transformation of multiple myeloma (MM) following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of plasmablastic myeloma (PBM) after an autologous hematopoietic transplant to be reported in Malaysia. A 41-year-old man initially diagnosed with MM IgG kappa reported lower back pain symptoms for a year, along with other associated symptoms. After receiving several lines of chemotherapy, the patient displayed a partial response (PR), and an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) was subsequently performed. Two months after the transplant, the patient showed signs of anemia, with a hemoglobin level of 8.0 g/dL. A peripheral blood film revealed the presence of a leucoerythroblastic blood film with normocytic normochromic red blood cells and rouleaux formation but no apparent plasma cells. The main infiltrating cells in the bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and trephine biopsy were plasmablasts with kappa light chain restriction. An increase in serum kappa free light chain (FLC), serum lambda FLC, and a low albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio were observed. In addition, serum protein electrophoresis showed an IgG kappa paraprotein band in the gamma region. Post-ASCT, the disease transformed into PBM, which conferred a poor prognosis on thepatient despite his post-transplant status. This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges of plasmablastic transformation in MM. Diagnosing PBM is thus crucial for the prompt and proper management of affected patients. Another consideration in the present case is whether the transplant procedure itself or the immunopathogenesis that took place after the ASCT resulted in the subsequent transformation into PBM.
{"title":"Plasmablastic transformation of multiple myeloma post-autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant","authors":"Nurul Asyikin Nizam Akbar, Mohd Nazri Hassan, Salfarina Iberahim, Nur Ilyia Syazwani Saidin, Wardah Roslan, Nur Ain Izzati Abd Halim, Abu Dzarr Abdullah, Hany Hakimi Wan Hanafi, Nur Diyana Mohd Shukri, Sumaiyah Adzahar","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.820","url":null,"abstract":"The present case report describes the uncommon and adverse plasmablastic transformation of multiple myeloma (MM) following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of plasmablastic myeloma (PBM) after an autologous hematopoietic transplant to be reported in Malaysia. A 41-year-old man initially diagnosed with MM IgG kappa reported lower back pain symptoms for a year, along with other associated symptoms. After receiving several lines of chemotherapy, the patient displayed a partial response (PR), and an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) was subsequently performed. Two months after the transplant, the patient showed signs of anemia, with a hemoglobin level of 8.0 g/dL. A peripheral blood film revealed the presence of a leucoerythroblastic blood film with normocytic normochromic red blood cells and rouleaux formation but no apparent plasma cells. The main infiltrating cells in the bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and trephine biopsy were plasmablasts with kappa light chain restriction. An increase in serum kappa free light chain (FLC), serum lambda FLC, and a low albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio were observed. In addition, serum protein electrophoresis showed an IgG kappa paraprotein band in the gamma region. Post-ASCT, the disease transformed into PBM, which conferred a poor prognosis on thepatient despite his post-transplant status. This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges of plasmablastic transformation in MM. Diagnosing PBM is thus crucial for the prompt and proper management of affected patients. Another consideration in the present case is whether the transplant procedure itself or the immunopathogenesis that took place after the ASCT resulted in the subsequent transformation into PBM.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.827
Nguyen Trung Quan, Bui Thi Kim Ly, Hoang Thanh Chi
Introduction: This study aimed to demonstrate the cytotoxic effect of a bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) ethanol extract on myeloid leukemia cells. Methods: The plant extract was prepared using the maceration method. The toxicity assays used the trypan blue exclusion method. Flow cytometry and reverse transcription PCR methods were used to deduce the mechanism of action. Results: The V. amygdalina Del. extract strongly affected K562 cells, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 8.78 ± 2.224 µg/mL. The extract could induce apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in K562 cells. The extract increased the mRNA levels of caspase 3 (CASP3), baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5/survivin), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and decreased the mRNA levels of retinoblastoma transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1/pRB), B cell lymphoma/leukemic 2 (BCL2), BCL2-like 1 (BCL2L1/BCL-XL), caspase 9 (CASP9), and the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson (ABL) fusion gene. Conclusion: The V. amygdalina Del. extract strongly inhibited the acute myeloid leukemia cell line K562. It was found to arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis by regulating the expression of related genes that predicted targeting BCR-ABL downregulation.
{"title":"The cytotoxic effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del. extract on myeloid leukemia cells","authors":"Nguyen Trung Quan, Bui Thi Kim Ly, Hoang Thanh Chi","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.827","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to demonstrate the cytotoxic effect of a bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) ethanol extract on myeloid leukemia cells. Methods: The plant extract was prepared using the maceration method. The toxicity assays used the trypan blue exclusion method. Flow cytometry and reverse transcription PCR methods were used to deduce the mechanism of action. Results: The V. amygdalina Del. extract strongly affected K562 cells, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 8.78 ± 2.224 µg/mL. The extract could induce apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in K562 cells. The extract increased the mRNA levels of caspase 3 (CASP3), baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5/survivin), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and decreased the mRNA levels of retinoblastoma transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1/pRB), B cell lymphoma/leukemic 2 (BCL2), BCL2-like 1 (BCL2L1/BCL-XL), caspase 9 (CASP9), and the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson (ABL) fusion gene. Conclusion: The V. amygdalina Del. extract strongly inhibited the acute myeloid leukemia cell line K562. It was found to arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis by regulating the expression of related genes that predicted targeting BCR-ABL downregulation.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct group of cells within cancerous tissue that possess the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and exhibit potency, self-renewal, and drug resistance. The study of CSCs often encounters challenges in obtaining these cells of interest or generating a sufficient quantity for downstream analysis. Nevertheless, it is feasible to enrich CSCs in vitro by subjecting them to conditions that stimulate their CSC properties, such as prolonged exposure to drugs or radiation, or by promoting their self-renewal capability through spheroid culture. Spheroids are a specific type of cell culture that organizes cells into a three-dimensional structure, closely mimicking the in vivo environment. These spheroids consist of a heterogeneous cell population, including CSCs or tumor-propagating cells responsible for tumor growth and maintenance. In our study, we cultured spheroids derived from single cells as well as multicellular aggregates to enrich CSCs based on their self-renewal capability and the structural organization provided by the three-dimensional context. Methods: Comparing the spheroid cultures with the parental adherent monolayer cells, we observed higher expression of CSC markers, pluripotent genes, and adipogenic differentiation in both multicellular spheroids (MCS) and single cell-derived spheroids (SCDS) of the two tested cell lines. Results: The spheroids exhibited progressive growth in size throughout the culture period. When comparing the two methods, SCDS demonstrated greater expression of surface markers and all three pluripotent genes associated with CSCs. Furthermore, when assessing drug resistance potential and the expression of the ABCG2 drug efflux gene, only 5637 SCDS displayed increased resistance to cisplatin and upregulation of ABCG2. Conclusion: In conclusion, both the MCS and SCDS methods effectively enriched the population of bladder CSCs in the 5637 and HT-1376 bladder cancer cell lines. However, the SCDS method demonstrated a higher upregulation of CSC markers and pluripotent gene expression compared to MCS. It is worth noting that spheroid culture and CSC enrichment are not mutually exclusive and can coexist with increased chemotherapy resistance and upregulation of ABCG2 drug efflux gene expression. Moreover, the drug efflux capability may vary depending on the specific cell line and clonal lineage. These strategies can serve as valuable models for CSC enrichment, the study of cancer cell behavior, disease modeling, and personalized chemotherapy investigations.
{"title":"Comparison of cancer stem cell enrichment between spheroids derived from single-cell and multicellular aggregate cultures","authors":"Omar Nafiis Hairuddin, Badrul Hisham Yahaya, Mohamad Johari Ibahim, Abhi Verakumarasivam, Chan Soon Choy, Musalmah Mazlan, Nurhidayah Ab. Rahim, Syarifah Masyitah Habib Dzulkarnain, Siti Farizan Mansor","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.823","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct group of cells within cancerous tissue that possess the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and exhibit potency, self-renewal, and drug resistance. The study of CSCs often encounters challenges in obtaining these cells of interest or generating a sufficient quantity for downstream analysis. Nevertheless, it is feasible to enrich CSCs in vitro by subjecting them to conditions that stimulate their CSC properties, such as prolonged exposure to drugs or radiation, or by promoting their self-renewal capability through spheroid culture. Spheroids are a specific type of cell culture that organizes cells into a three-dimensional structure, closely mimicking the in vivo environment. These spheroids consist of a heterogeneous cell population, including CSCs or tumor-propagating cells responsible for tumor growth and maintenance. In our study, we cultured spheroids derived from single cells as well as multicellular aggregates to enrich CSCs based on their self-renewal capability and the structural organization provided by the three-dimensional context. Methods: Comparing the spheroid cultures with the parental adherent monolayer cells, we observed higher expression of CSC markers, pluripotent genes, and adipogenic differentiation in both multicellular spheroids (MCS) and single cell-derived spheroids (SCDS) of the two tested cell lines. Results: The spheroids exhibited progressive growth in size throughout the culture period. When comparing the two methods, SCDS demonstrated greater expression of surface markers and all three pluripotent genes associated with CSCs. Furthermore, when assessing drug resistance potential and the expression of the ABCG2 drug efflux gene, only 5637 SCDS displayed increased resistance to cisplatin and upregulation of ABCG2. Conclusion: In conclusion, both the MCS and SCDS methods effectively enriched the population of bladder CSCs in the 5637 and HT-1376 bladder cancer cell lines. However, the SCDS method demonstrated a higher upregulation of CSC markers and pluripotent gene expression compared to MCS. It is worth noting that spheroid culture and CSC enrichment are not mutually exclusive and can coexist with increased chemotherapy resistance and upregulation of ABCG2 drug efflux gene expression. Moreover, the drug efflux capability may vary depending on the specific cell line and clonal lineage. These strategies can serve as valuable models for CSC enrichment, the study of cancer cell behavior, disease modeling, and personalized chemotherapy investigations.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.822
Nur Ilyia Syazwani Saidin, Razan Hayati Zulkeflee, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Mohd Nazri Hassan, Marne Abdullah, Nurul Asyikin Nizam Akbar, Noor Haslina Mohd Noor
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22) is a frequently encountered subtype of AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities, found in approximately 1–5% of AML cases. Here, we present cases of AML with t(8;21) in elderly patients with aberrant B-marker expression identified at our institution, including their clinical outcomes when treated with hypomethylating agents and BCL-2 inhibitors. Case presentation: A 60-year-old patient diagnosed with AML carried the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation. Immunophenotyping and immunohistochemistry revealed aberrant expression of B-markers, including CD19, CD79a, and PAX5. Cytogenetic analysis also identified a loss of the X chromosome, a common cytogenetic aberration in AML associated with t(8;21). Due to the patient's age and inability to tolerate intensive chemotherapy, treatment was initiated using a hypomethylating agent and a BCL-2 inhibitor. Although the initial bone marrow evaluation showed an excess of blast cells, subsequent assessments demonstrated a favorable response to the treatment, with the absence of blast cells and improvements in peripheral blood parameters. Conclusion: The presence of B-marker expression in AML with t(8;21) is a relatively common occurrence. The integration of cytogenetic and molecular investigations plays a vital role in accurately diagnosing and classifying AML. A remarkable feature of AML with t(8;21) is its high remission rate, and this holds true even in cases where standard intensive chemotherapy is not utilized. Moreover, the detection of aberrant B-marker expression, particularly CD19, signifies a favorable prognosis.
{"title":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia with 8:21 Translocation and Aberrant B-Marker Expression","authors":"Nur Ilyia Syazwani Saidin, Razan Hayati Zulkeflee, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Mohd Nazri Hassan, Marne Abdullah, Nurul Asyikin Nizam Akbar, Noor Haslina Mohd Noor","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.822","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22) is a frequently encountered subtype of AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities, found in approximately 1–5% of AML cases. Here, we present cases of AML with t(8;21) in elderly patients with aberrant B-marker expression identified at our institution, including their clinical outcomes when treated with hypomethylating agents and BCL-2 inhibitors. Case presentation: A 60-year-old patient diagnosed with AML carried the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation. Immunophenotyping and immunohistochemistry revealed aberrant expression of B-markers, including CD19, CD79a, and PAX5. Cytogenetic analysis also identified a loss of the X chromosome, a common cytogenetic aberration in AML associated with t(8;21). Due to the patient's age and inability to tolerate intensive chemotherapy, treatment was initiated using a hypomethylating agent and a BCL-2 inhibitor. Although the initial bone marrow evaluation showed an excess of blast cells, subsequent assessments demonstrated a favorable response to the treatment, with the absence of blast cells and improvements in peripheral blood parameters. Conclusion: The presence of B-marker expression in AML with t(8;21) is a relatively common occurrence. The integration of cytogenetic and molecular investigations plays a vital role in accurately diagnosing and classifying AML. A remarkable feature of AML with t(8;21) is its high remission rate, and this holds true even in cases where standard intensive chemotherapy is not utilized. Moreover, the detection of aberrant B-marker expression, particularly CD19, signifies a favorable prognosis.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.828
Toan Thanh Vo, Thai Hoa Thi Nguyen, Kha Dong To, Luc Bao Nguyen, Duc Thien Nguyen, Dat Thanh Ha, Vien Hoang Ngo, Ngan Doan, Quang Van Le
Background: Polytrauma is often associated with a high mortality rate and requires intensive management. Although several cases of polytrauma have been reported as being related to thoracic or brain injury, there are few reports concerning multiple fractures. We aimed to present a case series report about polytrauma with multiple fractures, highlighting several clinical importance and management strategies. Case presentation: The first case is a 31-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency department with multiple injuries from violent abuse, including intraperitoneal bladder rupture, right pulmonary contusion, bilateral closed femoral shaft fractures, bilateral closed humeral shaft fractures, and bilateral closed radius and ulna shaft fractures. Case 2 is a 41-year-old female who was involved in a motorcycle accident in a head collision, with multiple wounds and multiple fractures, including the right distal third radius, ulna, 2nd metacarpal, right distal third tibia, and fibula. The last case is a 25-year-old comatose male patient who was hospitalized with several wounds and bruises on the right lower extremity and left forearm after a traffic accident. He was diagnosed with a concussion, crush wound of the right foot with metatarsal fractures, and a closed fracture of the right middle third femur, right middle third tibia, and left distal third radius. Three cases of multiple trauma were reported, in which we successfully internally fixed four to eight fractures at once without any complications after the procedure. The patient's wound status at admission, such as whether they have an open fracture or a complex wound that could become infected and result in sepsis or hemorrhagic shock, should be a crucial factor considered when deciding whether to perform emergency orthopedic surgery. Additionally, patients who have been properly stabilized and do not have any concomitant conditions or concurrent soft tissue injuries can receive early total care. Patient awareness is a critical sign for serial CT brain scans and additional surveillance before definitive fracture fixation. Conclusion: This report can serve as a reference for management decisions in future instances within the context of national healthcare capacity.
{"title":"Case series report: simultaneous internal fixation of multiple fractures","authors":"Toan Thanh Vo, Thai Hoa Thi Nguyen, Kha Dong To, Luc Bao Nguyen, Duc Thien Nguyen, Dat Thanh Ha, Vien Hoang Ngo, Ngan Doan, Quang Van Le","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.828","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polytrauma is often associated with a high mortality rate and requires intensive management. Although several cases of polytrauma have been reported as being related to thoracic or brain injury, there are few reports concerning multiple fractures. We aimed to present a case series report about polytrauma with multiple fractures, highlighting several clinical importance and management strategies. Case presentation: The first case is a 31-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency department with multiple injuries from violent abuse, including intraperitoneal bladder rupture, right pulmonary contusion, bilateral closed femoral shaft fractures, bilateral closed humeral shaft fractures, and bilateral closed radius and ulna shaft fractures. Case 2 is a 41-year-old female who was involved in a motorcycle accident in a head collision, with multiple wounds and multiple fractures, including the right distal third radius, ulna, 2nd metacarpal, right distal third tibia, and fibula. The last case is a 25-year-old comatose male patient who was hospitalized with several wounds and bruises on the right lower extremity and left forearm after a traffic accident. He was diagnosed with a concussion, crush wound of the right foot with metatarsal fractures, and a closed fracture of the right middle third femur, right middle third tibia, and left distal third radius. Three cases of multiple trauma were reported, in which we successfully internally fixed four to eight fractures at once without any complications after the procedure. The patient's wound status at admission, such as whether they have an open fracture or a complex wound that could become infected and result in sepsis or hemorrhagic shock, should be a crucial factor considered when deciding whether to perform emergency orthopedic surgery. Additionally, patients who have been properly stabilized and do not have any concomitant conditions or concurrent soft tissue injuries can receive early total care. Patient awareness is a critical sign for serial CT brain scans and additional surveillance before definitive fracture fixation. Conclusion: This report can serve as a reference for management decisions in future instances within the context of national healthcare capacity.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.825
Ismail Ismail, Muhammad Basri, Mardiana Mustafa, Ade Nukhotimah
Background: The angiotensin converting enzyme insertion-deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism located on chromosome 17q23 (287 bp in intron 16) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), but results vary among populations, which is thought to be the cause of ethnic differences. This study explored the role of the ACE I/D polymorphism and its correlation with CRF determinants among urban and rural groups. Methods: A total of 182 male and female participants were recruited in the age range of 20 – 55 years for CRF determinant examination and ACE gene polymorphism (n = 140). Results: Most samples examined for polymorphic ACE genes showed increased CRF determinants in the two groups. For genotype II and urban group ID, the risk was increased 5 – 8 times for the CRF of obesity. The frequency of genotype II significantly increased the incidence of CRFs of smoking and sedentary by 1 – 3 times in both groups. Conclusions: The ACE I/D polymorphism has a differential effect on both urban and rural groups. Smoking, sedentary behavior, and obesity were risk factors for CRF in both groups. Therefore, an overall design strategy for health policies is needed to mitigate the burden of cardiovascular disease, which ends in death in both groups.
{"title":"Correlation between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion−Deletion Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Determinants in Urban and Rural Populations","authors":"Ismail Ismail, Muhammad Basri, Mardiana Mustafa, Ade Nukhotimah","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.825","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The angiotensin converting enzyme insertion-deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism located on chromosome 17q23 (287 bp in intron 16) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), but results vary among populations, which is thought to be the cause of ethnic differences. This study explored the role of the ACE I/D polymorphism and its correlation with CRF determinants among urban and rural groups. Methods: A total of 182 male and female participants were recruited in the age range of 20 – 55 years for CRF determinant examination and ACE gene polymorphism (n = 140). Results: Most samples examined for polymorphic ACE genes showed increased CRF determinants in the two groups. For genotype II and urban group ID, the risk was increased 5 – 8 times for the CRF of obesity. The frequency of genotype II significantly increased the incidence of CRFs of smoking and sedentary by 1 – 3 times in both groups. Conclusions: The ACE I/D polymorphism has a differential effect on both urban and rural groups. Smoking, sedentary behavior, and obesity were risk factors for CRF in both groups. Therefore, an overall design strategy for health policies is needed to mitigate the burden of cardiovascular disease, which ends in death in both groups.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.821
Ilya. D. Klabukov, Denis S. Baranovskii
Progress in the biological sciences requires advanced approaches to biological education. The current well-established paradigm rarely uses engineering design to solve biological problems. Engineering biology is a novel science field and academic discipline that focuses on the engineering of living objects using biological techniques. We believe that the integration of engineering components into biological education together with a wide application of engineering methods can provide considerable benefits to the education system. We developed the ``Engineering Biology Problems Book'' to bridge the gap between biology, medicine, and engineering.
{"title":"The Engineering Biology Problems Book: Bridging the gap between biomedicine and engineering","authors":"Ilya. D. Klabukov, Denis S. Baranovskii","doi":"10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v10i8.821","url":null,"abstract":"Progress in the biological sciences requires advanced approaches to biological education. The current well-established paradigm rarely uses engineering design to solve biological problems. Engineering biology is a novel science field and academic discipline that focuses on the engineering of living objects using biological techniques. We believe that the integration of engineering components into biological education together with a wide application of engineering methods can provide considerable benefits to the education system. We developed the ``Engineering Biology Problems Book'' to bridge the gap between biology, medicine, and engineering.","PeriodicalId":8870,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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