Biomeditsinskaya khimiya最新文献

The review considers the possibility of using atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a basic method for protein detection in solutions with low protein concentrations. The demand for new bioanalytical approaches is determined by the problem of insufficient sensitivity of systems used in routine practice for protein detection. Special attention is paid to demonstration of the use in bioanalysis of a combination of AFM and fishing methods as an approach of concentrating biomolecules from a large volume of the analyzed solution on a small surface area.

Data from a mass spectrometry experiment of a mouse line developed to study the mechanisms of fibromuscular dysplasia and deposited by d'Escamard et al. in ProteomeXchange (PXD051750) have been analyzed. Identification of peptides with post-translational modifications (PTMs) was repeated using more stringent conditions than in the original work. The following modifications were considered during analysis of changes in the PTM levels in experimental and control groups of mice: acetylation of lysine residue and N-terminal protein peptide, ubiquitination of lysine residue, phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues, and deamination of asparagine and glutamine residues. The multistage analysis resulted in selection of 23 proteins with PTMs for which different levels of modification between experimental and control groups could be assumed. These included six proteins with N-terminal protein acetylation, which were particularly interesting: P80318 (T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma), P43274 (Histone H1.4), P97823 (Acyl-protein thioesterase 1), P63242 (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1), Q3UMT1 (Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C), Q9D8Y0 (EF-hand domain-containing protein D2). Thus, repeated bioinformatic analysis of the data deposited in the specialized databases resulted in detection of changes in the level of N-terminal acetylation of proteins that might be functionally significant in the mechanisms underlying the development of fibromuscular dysplasia.

Genitourinary cancer (GUC) represents more than one fifth of all human cancers. This makes the development of approaches to its early diagnosis an important task of modern biomedicine. Circulating microRNAs, short (17-25 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules found in human biological fluids and performing a regulatory role in the cell, are considered as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancers, including GUC. In this review we have considered the current state of research aimed at assessing microRNAs as biomarkers of such human GUC types as malignant tumors of the bladder, kidney, prostate, testicles, ovaries, and cervix. A special attention has been paid to studies devoted to the identification of microRNAs in urine as a surrogate "liquid biopsy" that may provide the simplest and cheapest approach to mass non-invasive screening of human GUC. The use of microRNA panels instead of single types of microRNA generally leads to higher sensitivity and specificity of the developed diagnostic tests. However, to date, work on the microRNAs assessment as biomarkers of human GUC is still of a research nature, and the further introduction of diagnostic tests based on microRNAs into practice requires successful clinical trials.

Endothelial dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases, primarily cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse dependence between the plasma level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and cardiovascular diseases. The results of experimental studies indicate that the antiatherogenic effect of HDL is associated not only with their participation in the reverse transport of excess cholesterol, but also with their regulatory effect on the functions of cells of various organs and tissues, including endothelial cells. The purpose of this review is to consider recent data on the participation of plasma receptors and related intracellular signaling pathways in the mechanism of protective effect of HDL on endothelial cell functions. Understanding the mechanisms of cell function regulation under the influence of HDL is an important step for the development of new ways of pharmacological correction of impaired endothelial functions and creation of effective endothelial protection drugs.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), exhibiting their functional activity after internalization by recipient cells, are involved in the pathogenesis of drug-induced polyneuropathy (DIPN), a common complication of antitumor therapy. In this work, the internalization of EVs obtained from colorectal cancer patients undergoing polychemotherapy and its relationship with neurotoxicity were assessed using a model system of mononuclear leukocytes. Circulating EVs were isolated from 8 colorectal cancer patients who received antitumor therapy according to the FOLFOX or XELOX regimens before the start of chemotherapy (point 1) and after 3-4 courses (point 2). Mononuclear leukocytes of a healthy donor served as a cellular model system for EV internalization in vitro. EV internalization was assessed using fluorescence microscopy. It was shown that internalization of EVs obtained from colorectal cancer patients with high neurotoxicity was higher than in the group with low neurotoxicity. The ability of CD11b-positive (CD11b⁺) and CD11b-negative (CD11b⁻) mononuclear leukocytes of a healthy donor to internalize EVs obtained from patients before and after chemotherapy did not reveal significant differences. A direct relationship was found between the relative number of CD11b⁻ cells with internalized EVs and the integral index of neurotoxicity according to the NRS scale at the peak of its manifestation (point 2) (r=0.675, p.

Parkinsonism in rats induced by the pesticide rotenone is one of the most adequate models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Isatin (indole-2,3-dione) is an endogenous regulator found in mammals and humans and exhibiting a wide range of biological activities mediated by numerous isatin-binding proteins, including those associated with neurodegenerative pathology. A course of rotenone administration to rats caused behavioral impairments and changes in the profile and relative content of isatin-binding proteins in the brain. In this study, we have investigated the delayed neuroprotective effect of isatin (5 days after completion of the course of rotenone administration) on behavioral reactions and the relative content of isatin-binding proteins in the brain of rats with rotenone-induced experimental parkinsonism. Although during this period the rats retained locomotor dysfunction, the proteomic analysis data (profile of isatin-binding proteins in the brain and changes in their relative content) differed from the results obtained immediately after completion of the course of rotenone administration. Moreover, all isatin-binding proteins with altered relative content changed during this period are associated to varying degrees with neurodegeneration (many with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases).

Caspase-2 (Casp-2) is an enzyme that regulates the development of apoptosis upon alternative splicing of its mRNA. The long form of Casp-2 (Casp-2L) promotes apoptosis while the short form (Casp-2S) has decreased enzymatic activity and inhibits the development of apoptotic processes. However, very little is known about the mechanism of Casp-2 alternative splicing. Several endonucleases are known to participate in this process. The aim of this study was to determine the role of EndoG in regulation of Casp-2 alternative splicing. Strong correlation between expression levels of EndoG and Casp-2 splice-variants was found in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ human T lymphocytes. Such correlation increased after incubation of these cells with etoposide. Increased expression of Casp-2S was determined during EndoG over-expression in CD4⁺ T-cells, after EndoG treatment of cell cytoplasm and nuclei and after nuclei incubation with EndoG digested cell RNA. Casp-2 alternative splicing was induced by a 60-mer RNA oligonucleotide in naked nuclei and in cells after transfection. The identified long non-coding RNA of 1016 nucleotides is the precursor of the 60-mer RNA oligonucleotide. Based on the results the following mechanism has been proposed. Casp-2 pre-mRNA is transcribed from the coding DNA strand while long non-coding RNA is transcribed from the template strand of the Casp-2 gene. EndoG digests long non-coding RNA and produces the 60-mer RNA oligonucleotide complementary to the Casp-2 pre-mRNA exon 9 and intron 9 junction place. Interaction of the 60-mer RNA oligonucleotide and Casp-2 pre-mRNA causes alternative splicing.

Renalase (RNLS) is a recently discovered protein that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure by acting inside and outside cells. Intracellular RNLS is a FAD-dependent oxidoreductase that oxidizes isomeric forms of β-NAD(P)H. Extracellular renalase lacking its N-terminal peptide and cofactor FAD exerts various protective effects via non-catalytic mechanisms. Certain experimental evidence exists in the literature that the RP220 peptide (a 20-mer peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence RNLS 220-239) reproduces a number of non-catalytic effects of this protein, acting on receptor proteins of the plasma membrane. The possibility of interaction of this peptide with intracellular proteins has not been studied. Taking into consideration the known role of RNLS as a possible antihypertensive factor, the aim of this study was to perform proteomic profiling of the kidneys of normotensive and hypertensive rats using RP220 as an affinity ligand. Proteomic (semi-quantitative) identification revealed changes in the relative content of about 200 individual proteins in the kidneys of hypertensive rats bound to the affinity sorbent as compared to the kidneys of normotensive animals. Increased binding of SHR renal proteins to RP220 over the normotensive control was found for proteins involved in the development of cardiovascular pathology. Decreased binding of the kidney proteins from hypertensive animals to RP220 was noted for components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, ribosomes, and cytoskeleton.

The cytokine profile of primary coronary artery endothelial cells cultivated in the presence of doxorubicin (2 μg/ml and 6 μg/ml) was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qPCR. Cultivation of cells in the presence of these concentrations of doxorubicin for 24 h, upregulated expression of the following genes: IL6 (by 2.30 and 2.66 times, respectively), IL1B (by 1.25 and 3.44 times), and CXCL8 (by 6.47 times and 6.42 times), MIF (2.34 and 2.28 times), CCL2 (4.22 and 3.98 times). Under these conditions the following genes were downregulated: IL10, IL1R2, TNF. Cultivation of cells in the presence of doxorubicin (2 μg/ml and 6 μg/ml) for 24 h also increased the secretion of IL-6.

The effect of a synthetic analog of kisspeptin 1, a peptide involved in the regulation of the hypothalamicpituitary- gonadal (HPG) stress axis, on the cortisol level of Danio rerio fish was investigated. Kisspeptin 1 was administered at doses of 2 μg/kg and 8 μg/kg followed by resting for 1 h and 4 h. We found that kisspeptin at doses of 2 μg/kg and 8 μg/kg increased cortisol levels, with a significant spike in cortisol levels at 1 h post-injection.