Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.18311//AAH/2018/V22I3/21445
F. Lindsay
Shifting cultivation is a long established agricultural practice that continues to be practiced less each decade. Nevertheless, it remains important for those who sustain themselves from such food production systems, and as a viable means of integrating some modern concerns. Where populations are not rising substantially and no alternative agricultural systems have been proven, these systems continue to offer a degree of national security from further urban immigration as well as watershed and forest management and as carbon sinks. As shifting cultivation is practiced in highland regions, and the majority of such cultivators and highlands are in the Asian region, the subject remains of historical and current importance to Asia. This paper argues that respect for the cultivators, their system and the environment should act as a caution to those engaged in development that might impact on shifting cultivation.
{"title":"Shifting Cultivation: A Cautionary Note","authors":"F. Lindsay","doi":"10.18311//AAH/2018/V22I3/21445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311//AAH/2018/V22I3/21445","url":null,"abstract":"Shifting cultivation is a long established agricultural practice that continues to be practiced less each decade. Nevertheless, it remains important for those who sustain themselves from such food production systems, and as a viable means of integrating some modern concerns. Where populations are not rising substantially and no alternative agricultural systems have been proven, these systems continue to offer a degree of national security from further urban immigration as well as watershed and forest management and as carbon sinks. As shifting cultivation is practiced in highland regions, and the majority of such cultivators and highlands are in the Asian region, the subject remains of historical and current importance to Asia. This paper argues that respect for the cultivators, their system and the environment should act as a caution to those engaged in development that might impact on shifting cultivation.","PeriodicalId":89084,"journal":{"name":"Asian agri-history","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41474040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.18311/AAH/2018/V22I3/21391
U. Yuminarti, D. Darwanto, Jamhari, Subejo
Farming systems for shifting cultivation are generally carried out in dryland areas, especially in the tropics in Asia, Africa and Latin America. By enhancing local knowledge of the community in managing the land wisely, this system can still provide food sustainably. Shifting cultivation is common is Indonesia, but agricultural systems of the Arfak tribe in West Papua have not been widely reported. One of the largest dryland farms in West Papua is by the Arfak tribe through shifting cultivation system, to meet the needs of their families. Respondents for the study were purposively selected from 50% of sample villages, based on the homogeneity of the research area. This study is expected to give an overview of the agricultural system and the division of labor in shifting cultivation farming. Farming on a fairly steep slope is done by mixed cropping of food crops and vegetables. The farming activity is carried out jointly by the whole family in the clan members only at the time of land clearing, and then each member has the responsibility to maintain his/her crops. The larger role for males is in the early stages of land clearing, while the women are responsible for planting, maintenance and harvest. The largest income from all farms is obtained from potato, carrot and cabbage.
{"title":"Contemporary Farming System in the Shifting Cultivation Practiced by Arfak Tribe in Hink District, Pegunungan Arfak Regency, West Papua, Indonesia","authors":"U. Yuminarti, D. Darwanto, Jamhari, Subejo","doi":"10.18311/AAH/2018/V22I3/21391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/AAH/2018/V22I3/21391","url":null,"abstract":"Farming systems for shifting cultivation are generally carried out in dryland areas, especially in the tropics in Asia, Africa and Latin America. By enhancing local knowledge of the community in managing the land wisely, this system can still provide food sustainably. Shifting cultivation is common is Indonesia, but agricultural systems of the Arfak tribe in West Papua have not been widely reported. One of the largest dryland farms in West Papua is by the Arfak tribe through shifting cultivation system, to meet the needs of their families. Respondents for the study were purposively selected from 50% of sample villages, based on the homogeneity of the research area. This study is expected to give an overview of the agricultural system and the division of labor in shifting cultivation farming. Farming on a fairly steep slope is done by mixed cropping of food crops and vegetables. The farming activity is carried out jointly by the whole family in the clan members only at the time of land clearing, and then each member has the responsibility to maintain his/her crops. The larger role for males is in the early stages of land clearing, while the women are responsible for planting, maintenance and harvest. The largest income from all farms is obtained from potato, carrot and cabbage.","PeriodicalId":89084,"journal":{"name":"Asian agri-history","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47573942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/21390
V. Ramanatha Rao
Earth’s ecosystem is made of both living and non-living entities and their interactions. The living component is the community of plants, animals and all other living beings interacting with each other (in a given area), while the non-living include weather, earth, sun, soil, climate and, atmosphere. Each region/location of the globe has its own ecosystem made up of the biological, geochemical, and physical processes that surround it. The structural components of an ecosystem are the vegetation, water, soil, atmosphere and biota and their interactions within and across ecosystem(s). In turn, ecosystem services are the benefits that we obtain from ecosystems, for example, food and water, disease control etc. that maintain the conditions for life on the Earth. The living component of the ecosystem is the biodiversity, comprising variety of life on the Earth across all the different levels of biological organization. Scientists, social activists, and the political masters are now recognizing the degradation of ecosystem services and functions, and loss of biodiversity that have been happening over the years and the efforts needed to make them sustainable for future generations. In a similar manner, in ancient times a few enlightened beings in several different traditional societies had recognized the importance of ecosystems, functions and services, and biodiversity. Since our ancestors had limited physical reach i.e. ability to travel to distant lands or sample ecosystems, and collect plants and animals from different geographic locations in large numbers. However they had enough mental capacity to interpret and draw context specific conclusions. They had fair understanding of ecosystem elements and their effects on humans, plants and animals, and could visualize the need for protecting (conservation) and making use of natural resources, including biodiversity. This paper summarizes the concepts of ecosystem, its functions and services, and focuses on biodiversity conservation and use based on ancient wisdom and modern science.
{"title":"Ecosystem Functions, Services, and Biodiversity: Past, Present, and Future Implications � Part I","authors":"V. Ramanatha Rao","doi":"10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/21390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/21390","url":null,"abstract":"Earth’s ecosystem is made of both living and non-living entities and their interactions. The living component is the community of plants, animals and all other living beings interacting with each other (in a given area), while the non-living include weather, earth, sun, soil, climate and, atmosphere. Each region/location of the globe has its own ecosystem made up of the biological, geochemical, and physical processes that surround it. The structural components of an ecosystem are the vegetation, water, soil, atmosphere and biota and their interactions within and across ecosystem(s). In turn, ecosystem services are the benefits that we obtain from ecosystems, for example, food and water, disease control etc. that maintain the conditions for life on the Earth. The living component of the ecosystem is the biodiversity, comprising variety of life on the Earth across all the different levels of biological organization. Scientists, social activists, and the political masters are now recognizing the degradation of ecosystem services and functions, and loss of biodiversity that have been happening over the years and the efforts needed to make them sustainable for future generations. In a similar manner, in ancient times a few enlightened beings in several different traditional societies had recognized the importance of ecosystems, functions and services, and biodiversity. Since our ancestors had limited physical reach i.e. ability to travel to distant lands or sample ecosystems, and collect plants and animals from different geographic locations in large numbers. However they had enough mental capacity to interpret and draw context specific conclusions. They had fair understanding of ecosystem elements and their effects on humans, plants and animals, and could visualize the need for protecting (conservation) and making use of natural resources, including biodiversity. This paper summarizes the concepts of ecosystem, its functions and services, and focuses on biodiversity conservation and use based on ancient wisdom and modern science.","PeriodicalId":89084,"journal":{"name":"Asian agri-history","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67505735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.18311/AAH/2018/V22I3/21389
K. S. Anurudh, Sector Gurugram Haryana India
{"title":"Early History of Crop Presence/Introduction in India: III. Anacardium occidentale L., Cashew Nut","authors":"K. S. Anurudh, Sector Gurugram Haryana India","doi":"10.18311/AAH/2018/V22I3/21389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/AAH/2018/V22I3/21389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89084,"journal":{"name":"Asian agri-history","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43605925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/21393
P. Rajendra
{"title":"Some Historical Aspects of Indian Cotton and Cotton Textile Trade","authors":"P. Rajendra","doi":"10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/21393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/21393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89084,"journal":{"name":"Asian agri-history","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44428339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/20082
{"title":"Obituary for Padma Shri Dr. Manmohan Attavar","authors":"","doi":"10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/20082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/20082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89084,"journal":{"name":"Asian agri-history","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46406952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/20000
R. Nithya
{"title":"Drumavichitrikaranam - The Ancient Approach to Plant Mutagenesis","authors":"R. Nithya","doi":"10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/20000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/aah/2018/v22i3/20000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89084,"journal":{"name":"Asian agri-history","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67505632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agricultural and related education in Australia.","authors":"B Matthews, L Falvey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89084,"journal":{"name":"Asian agri-history","volume":"3 1","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29827743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decline in sweet potato cultivation in India with special reference to the state of Bihar.","authors":"V S Khatana, S Arya, S G Ilangantileke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89084,"journal":{"name":"Asian agri-history","volume":"3 2","pages":"93-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29827740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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