Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.3390/modelling4040031
Ashraf Mohammed Daradkeh, Himan Hojat Jalali
Buried flexible pipes are allowed to deflect up to 2–5% of the pipe diameter, which can become problematic for the connected direct-bury, large-diameter butterfly valves. The complex behavior of the pipe–valve–soil system makes it difficult to predict the deflection of the pipe/valve system. In the absence of field/experimental studies, the application of finite element analysis (FEA) seems necessary to predict deflection and stresses and to avoid potential downtime associated with disruption of service. This paper described the FEA of a large-diameter pipe–valve system, with different backfills under gravity, overburden, and internal pressure loads. The effects of modeling different components of the system (e.g., flanges, bearing housing, gate disc, etc.) were described and investigated. The goal of this study was to provide insight into the design and installation of direct-bury pipe–valve systems and evaluate current installation methods in the absence of guidelines. In addition, the level of modeling details required for FEA to yield accurate results was discussed.
{"title":"Finite Element Modeling Aspects of Buried Large Diameter Steel Pipe–Butterfly Valve Interaction","authors":"Ashraf Mohammed Daradkeh, Himan Hojat Jalali","doi":"10.3390/modelling4040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4040031","url":null,"abstract":"Buried flexible pipes are allowed to deflect up to 2–5% of the pipe diameter, which can become problematic for the connected direct-bury, large-diameter butterfly valves. The complex behavior of the pipe–valve–soil system makes it difficult to predict the deflection of the pipe/valve system. In the absence of field/experimental studies, the application of finite element analysis (FEA) seems necessary to predict deflection and stresses and to avoid potential downtime associated with disruption of service. This paper described the FEA of a large-diameter pipe–valve system, with different backfills under gravity, overburden, and internal pressure loads. The effects of modeling different components of the system (e.g., flanges, bearing housing, gate disc, etc.) were described and investigated. The goal of this study was to provide insight into the design and installation of direct-bury pipe–valve systems and evaluate current installation methods in the absence of guidelines. In addition, the level of modeling details required for FEA to yield accurate results was discussed.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":" June","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.3390/modelling4040030
Martin Drieschner, Clemens Herrmann, Yuri Petryna
The simultaneous consideration of a numerical model and of different observations can be achieved using data-assimilation methods. In this contribution, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is applied to obtain the system-state development and also an estimation of unknown model parameters. An extension of the Kalman filter used is presented for the case of uncertain model parameters, which should not or cannot be estimated due to a lack of necessary measurements. It is shown that incorrectly assumed probability density functions for present uncertainties adversely affect the model parameter to be estimated. Therefore, the problem is embedded in a multilayered uncertainty space consisting of the stochastic space, the interval space, and the fuzzy space. Then, we propose classifying all present uncertainties into aleatory and epistemic ones. Aleatorically uncertain parameters can be used directly within the EnKF without an increase in computational costs and without the necessity of additional methods for the output evaluation. Epistemically uncertain parameters cannot be integrated into the classical EnKF procedure, so a multilayered uncertainty space is defined, leading to inevitable higher computational costs. Various possibilities for uncertainty quantification based on probability and possibility theory are shown, and the influence on the results is analyzed in an academic example. Here, uncertainties in the initial conditions are of less importance compared to uncertainties in system parameters that continuously influence the system state and the model parameter estimation. Finally, the proposed extension using a multilayered uncertainty space is applied on a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) laboratory structure: a beam made of stainless steel with synthetic data or real measured data of vertical accelerations. Young’s modulus as a model parameter can be estimated in a reasonable range, independently of the measurement data generation.
{"title":"The Data Assimilation Approach in a Multilayered Uncertainty Space","authors":"Martin Drieschner, Clemens Herrmann, Yuri Petryna","doi":"10.3390/modelling4040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4040030","url":null,"abstract":"The simultaneous consideration of a numerical model and of different observations can be achieved using data-assimilation methods. In this contribution, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is applied to obtain the system-state development and also an estimation of unknown model parameters. An extension of the Kalman filter used is presented for the case of uncertain model parameters, which should not or cannot be estimated due to a lack of necessary measurements. It is shown that incorrectly assumed probability density functions for present uncertainties adversely affect the model parameter to be estimated. Therefore, the problem is embedded in a multilayered uncertainty space consisting of the stochastic space, the interval space, and the fuzzy space. Then, we propose classifying all present uncertainties into aleatory and epistemic ones. Aleatorically uncertain parameters can be used directly within the EnKF without an increase in computational costs and without the necessity of additional methods for the output evaluation. Epistemically uncertain parameters cannot be integrated into the classical EnKF procedure, so a multilayered uncertainty space is defined, leading to inevitable higher computational costs. Various possibilities for uncertainty quantification based on probability and possibility theory are shown, and the influence on the results is analyzed in an academic example. Here, uncertainties in the initial conditions are of less importance compared to uncertainties in system parameters that continuously influence the system state and the model parameter estimation. Finally, the proposed extension using a multilayered uncertainty space is applied on a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) laboratory structure: a beam made of stainless steel with synthetic data or real measured data of vertical accelerations. Young’s modulus as a model parameter can be estimated in a reasonable range, independently of the measurement data generation.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":"49 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.3390/modelling4040029
Conety Ravi Suribabu, Neelakantan Renganathan Thurvas, Perumal Sivakumar
This research brings a new analysis method for a continuous water supply distribution network. The number of house service connections in different story buildings, rather than the nodal peak demand, shall be accounted for in the analysis. This work aims to consider the flow when pipes are opened in the house plumbing systems. The approach deviates from a traditional peak demand-based analysis of the water distribution network. The analysis gives the flow rate at each nodal point that could be observed in the different story buildings. The methodology is applied to a hypothetical network and shows how much flow and nodal pressure can occur when different percentages of consumers are in an active state. This study indicates that the peak demand-based sizing of the supply pipes could have a deficient capacity under real scenarios. The proposed analysis method will help to understand the actual behavior of the network.
{"title":"Supply-Driven Analysis for a Continuous Water Supply Network Based on a Pressure-Based Outflow at the House Outlets under Peak Withdrawal Scenarios","authors":"Conety Ravi Suribabu, Neelakantan Renganathan Thurvas, Perumal Sivakumar","doi":"10.3390/modelling4040029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4040029","url":null,"abstract":"This research brings a new analysis method for a continuous water supply distribution network. The number of house service connections in different story buildings, rather than the nodal peak demand, shall be accounted for in the analysis. This work aims to consider the flow when pipes are opened in the house plumbing systems. The approach deviates from a traditional peak demand-based analysis of the water distribution network. The analysis gives the flow rate at each nodal point that could be observed in the different story buildings. The methodology is applied to a hypothetical network and shows how much flow and nodal pressure can occur when different percentages of consumers are in an active state. This study indicates that the peak demand-based sizing of the supply pipes could have a deficient capacity under real scenarios. The proposed analysis method will help to understand the actual behavior of the network.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":"343 6‐7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Complex engineering models are typically computationally demanding and defined by a high-dimensional parameter space challenging the comprehensive exploration of parameter effects and design optimization. To overcome this curse of dimensionality and to minimize computational resource requirements, this research demonstrates a user-friendly approach to formulating a reduced-dimension surrogate model that represents a high-dimensional, high-fidelity source model. This approach was developed specifically for a non-expert using commercially available tools. In this approach, the complex physical behavior of the high-fidelity source model is separated into individual, interacting physical behaviors. A separate reduced-dimension surrogate model is created for each behavior and then all are summed to formulate the reduced-dimension surrogate model representing the source model. In addition to a substantial reduction in computational resources and comparable accuracy, this method also provides a characterization of each individual behavior providing additional insight into the source model behavior. The approach encompasses experimental testing, finite element analysis, surrogate modeling, and sensitivity analysis and is demonstrated by formulating a reduced-dimension surrogate model for the damage tolerance of an aluminum plate reinforced with a co-cured bonded E-glass/epoxy composite laminate under four-point bending. It is concluded that this problem is difficult to characterize and breaking the problem into interacting mechanisms leads to improved information on influential parameters and efficient reduced-dimension surrogate modeling. The disbond damage at the interface between the resin and metal proved the most difficult mechanism for reduced-dimension surrogate modeling as it is only engaged in a small subspace of the full parameter space. A binary function was successful in engaging this damage mechanism when applicable based on the values of the most influential parameters.
{"title":"Reduced-Dimension Surrogate Modeling to Characterize the Damage Tolerance of Composite/Metal Structures","authors":"Corey Arndt, Cody Crusenberry, Bozhi Heng, Rochelle Butler, Stephanie TerMaath","doi":"10.3390/modelling4040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4040028","url":null,"abstract":"Complex engineering models are typically computationally demanding and defined by a high-dimensional parameter space challenging the comprehensive exploration of parameter effects and design optimization. To overcome this curse of dimensionality and to minimize computational resource requirements, this research demonstrates a user-friendly approach to formulating a reduced-dimension surrogate model that represents a high-dimensional, high-fidelity source model. This approach was developed specifically for a non-expert using commercially available tools. In this approach, the complex physical behavior of the high-fidelity source model is separated into individual, interacting physical behaviors. A separate reduced-dimension surrogate model is created for each behavior and then all are summed to formulate the reduced-dimension surrogate model representing the source model. In addition to a substantial reduction in computational resources and comparable accuracy, this method also provides a characterization of each individual behavior providing additional insight into the source model behavior. The approach encompasses experimental testing, finite element analysis, surrogate modeling, and sensitivity analysis and is demonstrated by formulating a reduced-dimension surrogate model for the damage tolerance of an aluminum plate reinforced with a co-cured bonded E-glass/epoxy composite laminate under four-point bending. It is concluded that this problem is difficult to characterize and breaking the problem into interacting mechanisms leads to improved information on influential parameters and efficient reduced-dimension surrogate modeling. The disbond damage at the interface between the resin and metal proved the most difficult mechanism for reduced-dimension surrogate modeling as it is only engaged in a small subspace of the full parameter space. A binary function was successful in engaging this damage mechanism when applicable based on the values of the most influential parameters.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":"75 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.3390/modelling4040027
Chunkan Yu, Sudhi Shashidharan, Shuyang Wu, Felipe Minuzzi, Viatcheslav Bykov
The global quasi-linearization (GQL) is used as a method to study and to reduce the complexity of mathematical models of mechanisms of chemical kinetics. Similar to standard methodologies, such as the quasi-steady-state assumption (QSSA), the GQL method defines the fast and slow invariant subspaces and uses slow manifolds to gain a reduced representation. It does not require empirical inputs and is based on the eigenvalue and eigenvector decomposition of a linear map approximating the nonlinear vector field of the original system. In the present work, the GQL-based slow/fast decomposition is applied for different combustion systems. The results are compared with the standard QSSA approach. For this, an implicit implementation strategy described by differential algebraic equations (DAEs) systems is suggested and used, which allows for treating both approaches within the same computational framework. Hydrogen–air (with 9 species) and ethanol–air (with 57 species) combustion systems are considered representative examples to illustrate and verify the GQL. The results show that 4D GQL for hydrogen–air and 14D GQL ethanol–air slow manifolds outperform the standard QSSA approach based on a DAE-based reduced computation model.
{"title":"Autoignition Problem in Homogeneous Combustion Systems: GQL versus QSSA Combined with DRG","authors":"Chunkan Yu, Sudhi Shashidharan, Shuyang Wu, Felipe Minuzzi, Viatcheslav Bykov","doi":"10.3390/modelling4040027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4040027","url":null,"abstract":"The global quasi-linearization (GQL) is used as a method to study and to reduce the complexity of mathematical models of mechanisms of chemical kinetics. Similar to standard methodologies, such as the quasi-steady-state assumption (QSSA), the GQL method defines the fast and slow invariant subspaces and uses slow manifolds to gain a reduced representation. It does not require empirical inputs and is based on the eigenvalue and eigenvector decomposition of a linear map approximating the nonlinear vector field of the original system. In the present work, the GQL-based slow/fast decomposition is applied for different combustion systems. The results are compared with the standard QSSA approach. For this, an implicit implementation strategy described by differential algebraic equations (DAEs) systems is suggested and used, which allows for treating both approaches within the same computational framework. Hydrogen–air (with 9 species) and ethanol–air (with 57 species) combustion systems are considered representative examples to illustrate and verify the GQL. The results show that 4D GQL for hydrogen–air and 14D GQL ethanol–air slow manifolds outperform the standard QSSA approach based on a DAE-based reduced computation model.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":"9 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.3390/modelling4040026
Rajarshi Das, Alper Kanyilmaz, Herve Degee
The conventional ways to construct an open-to-circular hollow section (CHS) connection are either to directly weld the open section to the CHS column wall or to use local stiffeners (e.g., diaphragms) and gusset plates to connect the two structural components. These construction methods often subject the CHS to severe local distortions and/or require high welding quantities, hindering the real-life application of hollow sections. To overcome such difficulties, this study proposes two types of moment-resisting “passing-through” connection configurations, developed within the European research project “LASTEICON”. These configurations consist of main beams connected to the CHS column via either an I-section or individual steel plates passing through the CHS column. The passing-through system is implemented using laser cut and weld technology and efficiently avoids excessive use of stiffening plates, local damages on the CHS wall and premature flange failures. The proposed configurations are investigated experimentally and numerically under two different load cases in order to characterize their structural behaviour. Finite element models have been developed and calibrated with respect to the experimental force–displacement behaviour of the connections as well as their observed failure modes. The efficiency, benefits, and limitations of the modelling approach were discussed through a detailed comparison study between the experimental and numerical results.
{"title":"Experimental Validation of Finite Element Models for Open-to-CHS Column Connections","authors":"Rajarshi Das, Alper Kanyilmaz, Herve Degee","doi":"10.3390/modelling4040026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4040026","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional ways to construct an open-to-circular hollow section (CHS) connection are either to directly weld the open section to the CHS column wall or to use local stiffeners (e.g., diaphragms) and gusset plates to connect the two structural components. These construction methods often subject the CHS to severe local distortions and/or require high welding quantities, hindering the real-life application of hollow sections. To overcome such difficulties, this study proposes two types of moment-resisting “passing-through” connection configurations, developed within the European research project “LASTEICON”. These configurations consist of main beams connected to the CHS column via either an I-section or individual steel plates passing through the CHS column. The passing-through system is implemented using laser cut and weld technology and efficiently avoids excessive use of stiffening plates, local damages on the CHS wall and premature flange failures. The proposed configurations are investigated experimentally and numerically under two different load cases in order to characterize their structural behaviour. Finite element models have been developed and calibrated with respect to the experimental force–displacement behaviour of the connections as well as their observed failure modes. The efficiency, benefits, and limitations of the modelling approach were discussed through a detailed comparison study between the experimental and numerical results.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.3390/modelling4040025
Haoding Xu, Xuzhen He, Feng Shan, Gang Niu, Daichao Sheng
In traditional slope stability analysis, it is assumed that some “average” or appropriately “conservative” properties operate over the entire region of interest. This kind of deterministic conservative analysis often results in higher costs, and thus, a stochastic analysis considering uncertainty and spatial variability was developed to reduce costs. In the past few decades, machine learning has been greatly developed and extensively used in stochastic slope stability analysis, particularly used as surrogate models to improve computational efficiency. To better summarize the current application of machine learning and future research, this paper reviews 159 studies of supervised learning published in the past 20 years. The achievements of machine learning methods are summarized from two aspects—safety factor prediction and slope stability classification. Four potential research challenges and suggestions are also given.
{"title":"Machine Learning in the Stochastic Analysis of Slope Stability: A State-of-the-Art Review","authors":"Haoding Xu, Xuzhen He, Feng Shan, Gang Niu, Daichao Sheng","doi":"10.3390/modelling4040025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4040025","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional slope stability analysis, it is assumed that some “average” or appropriately “conservative” properties operate over the entire region of interest. This kind of deterministic conservative analysis often results in higher costs, and thus, a stochastic analysis considering uncertainty and spatial variability was developed to reduce costs. In the past few decades, machine learning has been greatly developed and extensively used in stochastic slope stability analysis, particularly used as surrogate models to improve computational efficiency. To better summarize the current application of machine learning and future research, this paper reviews 159 studies of supervised learning published in the past 20 years. The achievements of machine learning methods are summarized from two aspects—safety factor prediction and slope stability classification. Four potential research challenges and suggestions are also given.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.3390/modelling4030024
Tobias Hubach, Marcel Pillath, Clemens Knaup, Stefan Schlüter, Christoph Held
Aqueous sources like salt lake brines and seawater are the most abundant source for lithium ions and might contribute to the growing demand for lithium for energy storage. By coupling with the increasingly relevant reverse osmosis systems, nanofiltration can provide a promising process alternative to conventional methods such as water evaporation and salt precipitation from ores or brines for this purpose. One possible model for nanofiltration is the solution-diffusion-electromigration model (SDEM). First, the model was parametrized by determining the permeances from simple electrolyte mixtures containing two salts. Then, the SDEM was used to predict the rejections of complex multi-electrolyte solutions that mimic seawater and reverse osmosis brine, without fitting additional parameters to experimental data of this complex mixture. This allowed predicting ion rejections satisfactorily. Negative rejections due to spontaneously generated electric fields in the membrane could also be qualitatively described. In summary, this SDEM modeling can provide an important contribution to the purification of Li+ from aqueous sources.
{"title":"Li+ Separation from Multi-Ionic Mixtures by Nanofiltration Membranes: Experiments and Modeling","authors":"Tobias Hubach, Marcel Pillath, Clemens Knaup, Stefan Schlüter, Christoph Held","doi":"10.3390/modelling4030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4030024","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous sources like salt lake brines and seawater are the most abundant source for lithium ions and might contribute to the growing demand for lithium for energy storage. By coupling with the increasingly relevant reverse osmosis systems, nanofiltration can provide a promising process alternative to conventional methods such as water evaporation and salt precipitation from ores or brines for this purpose. One possible model for nanofiltration is the solution-diffusion-electromigration model (SDEM). First, the model was parametrized by determining the permeances from simple electrolyte mixtures containing two salts. Then, the SDEM was used to predict the rejections of complex multi-electrolyte solutions that mimic seawater and reverse osmosis brine, without fitting additional parameters to experimental data of this complex mixture. This allowed predicting ion rejections satisfactorily. Negative rejections due to spontaneously generated electric fields in the membrane could also be qualitatively described. In summary, this SDEM modeling can provide an important contribution to the purification of Li+ from aqueous sources.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.3390/modelling4030023
Igor Gribanov, Rocky Taylor, Jan Thijssen, Mark Fuglem
Subsea pipelines and cables placed in ice-prone regions may be at risk of iceberg damage. In particular, pipes that are not buried may come in direct contact with iceberg keels. Knowing the range of interaction forces helps to assess the types and magnitudes of potential damage. Experimental studies provide the most valuable data about the interaction forces, while numerical modeling may give insight into configurations that are difficult to study experimentally. This work applies the cohesive zone model to investigate the fracture behavior of ice samples. Simulations are performed in 2D with Abaqus explicit solver. Modeled interaction forces from multiple simulations are recorded and compared to understand how the geometry of the samples affects the fracture. Repeat interactions with different grain configurations are conducted to investigate associated variance in fracture patterns and loads. t-tests show that the force application angle and the indenter’s position significantly affect the fracture force.
{"title":"Investigating Ice Loads on Subsea Pipelines with Cohesive Zone Model in Abaqus","authors":"Igor Gribanov, Rocky Taylor, Jan Thijssen, Mark Fuglem","doi":"10.3390/modelling4030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4030023","url":null,"abstract":"Subsea pipelines and cables placed in ice-prone regions may be at risk of iceberg damage. In particular, pipes that are not buried may come in direct contact with iceberg keels. Knowing the range of interaction forces helps to assess the types and magnitudes of potential damage. Experimental studies provide the most valuable data about the interaction forces, while numerical modeling may give insight into configurations that are difficult to study experimentally. This work applies the cohesive zone model to investigate the fracture behavior of ice samples. Simulations are performed in 2D with Abaqus explicit solver. Modeled interaction forces from multiple simulations are recorded and compared to understand how the geometry of the samples affects the fracture. Repeat interactions with different grain configurations are conducted to investigate associated variance in fracture patterns and loads. t-tests show that the force application angle and the indenter’s position significantly affect the fracture force.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.3390/modelling4030022
Miladin A. Marjanovic, S. Stojadinovic, S. Zivanovic
In order to perform the inspection planning process on the coordinate measuring machine (CMM), it is necessary to model the measuring system with workpiece, CMM and fixture. The metrological analysis of the workpiece is then conducted, followed by the creation of a measurement program for simulation on a virtual measuring machine in a CAD environment. This paper presents the modelling and simulation of a virtual measuring system based on a real CMM using PTC Creo Parametric 5.0 software. The simulation involved programming the measuring path and generating a DMIS (*.ncl) file, which represents the standard modelled types of tolerance. The analysis of the metrology of the measuring part for the given forms of tolerance (location, perpendicularity, flatness, etc.) was performed. The components of the CMM and the assembly with defined kinematic connections are also modelled. Following the simulation and generation of the output DMIS file in PTC Creo using the virtual CMM, the real CMM was programmed and used for actual measurements. Subsequently, a measurement report was generated. The main result of this paper is the modelling of an offline Digital Measuring Twin (DMT) based on the DMIS file.
{"title":"Modelling and Simulating the Digital Measuring Twin Based on CMM","authors":"Miladin A. Marjanovic, S. Stojadinovic, S. Zivanovic","doi":"10.3390/modelling4030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4030022","url":null,"abstract":"In order to perform the inspection planning process on the coordinate measuring machine (CMM), it is necessary to model the measuring system with workpiece, CMM and fixture. The metrological analysis of the workpiece is then conducted, followed by the creation of a measurement program for simulation on a virtual measuring machine in a CAD environment. This paper presents the modelling and simulation of a virtual measuring system based on a real CMM using PTC Creo Parametric 5.0 software. The simulation involved programming the measuring path and generating a DMIS (*.ncl) file, which represents the standard modelled types of tolerance. The analysis of the metrology of the measuring part for the given forms of tolerance (location, perpendicularity, flatness, etc.) was performed. The components of the CMM and the assembly with defined kinematic connections are also modelled. Following the simulation and generation of the output DMIS file in PTC Creo using the virtual CMM, the real CMM was programmed and used for actual measurements. Subsequently, a measurement report was generated. The main result of this paper is the modelling of an offline Digital Measuring Twin (DMT) based on the DMIS file.","PeriodicalId":89310,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on modelling and simulation","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90421538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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