Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49953
B. Shakya, Sumitra Budhathoki, S. R. Maharjan, L. Thapa
Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious invasive alien weed distributed in agroecosystems. This weed shows phytotoxic properties on other plants in the invaded areas. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of this weed on seed germination, seedling growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with petri plate and pot experiments. Seeds and seedlings of wheat were treated with P. hysterophorus leaf leachates extracted using more natural way i.e., by soaking the leaves in water rather crushing or powdering. Results show that the leachates of P. hysterophorus exhibits negative effects on seed germination and growth parameters of wheat in petri plate experiment. The phytotoxic effects of leachates on rootshoot length and shoot biomass was not were not significant in the pot experiment. Therefore, actual concentration of leachates that start hindrance to the recipient plants varies between the petri plate and pot bioassays. Further studies to understand the leachate interaction with soil and soil microbes are recommended.
{"title":"Effects of invasive Parthenium hysterophorus leachates on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"B. Shakya, Sumitra Budhathoki, S. R. Maharjan, L. Thapa","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49953","url":null,"abstract":"Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious invasive alien weed distributed in agroecosystems. This weed shows phytotoxic properties on other plants in the invaded areas. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of this weed on seed germination, seedling growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with petri plate and pot experiments. Seeds and seedlings of wheat were treated with P. hysterophorus leaf leachates extracted using more natural way i.e., by soaking the leaves in water rather crushing or powdering. Results show that the leachates of P. hysterophorus exhibits negative effects on seed germination and growth parameters of wheat in petri plate experiment. The phytotoxic effects of leachates on rootshoot length and shoot biomass was not were not significant in the pot experiment. Therefore, actual concentration of leachates that start hindrance to the recipient plants varies between the petri plate and pot bioassays. Further studies to understand the leachate interaction with soil and soil microbes are recommended.","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49661067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49951
M. Sharma, Buddhi Ram Oli
This paper aims to list the odonates fauna associated with rice fields and to study their behaviour in Sunwal, Central Nepal. Research was conducted from June to November 2019 in a rice field by establishing three study plots of (50×50) m2 each. A total of 33 odonata species (11 damselflies and 22 dragonflies) from six families were recorded. Six of them were sporadic, while the rest were common. Territorial behaviour of Odonates was observed and the reproductive behavior of 11 species was thoroughly investigated. The copulatory period varied between species, ranging from two seconds to 49 minutes. Females attempted to mate up to three times. The second and third mating were both brief. Homing behaviour was observed in single species - Orthetrum sabina. In this research, we noticed odonates to be predatory as well as prey species.
{"title":"Odonates (Insecta: Odonata) associated with rice ecosystems in Sunwal municipality, central Nepal","authors":"M. Sharma, Buddhi Ram Oli","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49951","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to list the odonates fauna associated with rice fields and to study their behaviour in Sunwal, Central Nepal. Research was conducted from June to November 2019 in a rice field by establishing three study plots of (50×50) m2 each. A total of 33 odonata species (11 damselflies and 22 dragonflies) from six families were recorded. Six of them were sporadic, while the rest were common. Territorial behaviour of Odonates was observed and the reproductive behavior of 11 species was thoroughly investigated. The copulatory period varied between species, ranging from two seconds to 49 minutes. Females attempted to mate up to three times. The second and third mating were both brief. Homing behaviour was observed in single species - Orthetrum sabina. In this research, we noticed odonates to be predatory as well as prey species.","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45092020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.51712
Manisha Dhakal, S. Jha
Swertia chirayita is one of the important medicinal and highly traded plant for commercial purpose. However, its production has significantly declined in recent days due to incidence of various diseases. Unfortunately, the knowledge on disease and its causative agent is insufficient. Therefore, the present study focuses on incidence and severity of disease and identification of causative agents. The disease incidence of plant of study cultivated field of Sankhuwasabha district was 53.20% and the disease severity was 23.87%. Leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinera and Bipolaris sorokiniana, leaf blight caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium wilt by Fusarium oxysporum and rot disease caused by Trichoderma harzianium were identified in Swertia chirayita.
{"title":"Identification of fungal diseases of Swertia chirayita of Sankhuwasabha district","authors":"Manisha Dhakal, S. Jha","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.51712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.51712","url":null,"abstract":"Swertia chirayita is one of the important medicinal and highly traded plant for commercial purpose. However, its production has significantly declined in recent days due to incidence of various diseases. Unfortunately, the knowledge on disease and its causative agent is insufficient. Therefore, the present study focuses on incidence and severity of disease and identification of causative agents. The disease incidence of plant of study cultivated field of Sankhuwasabha district was 53.20% and the disease severity was 23.87%. Leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinera and Bipolaris sorokiniana, leaf blight caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium wilt by Fusarium oxysporum and rot disease caused by Trichoderma harzianium were identified in Swertia chirayita.","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47009894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49956
R. S. Gautam, S. Shrestha, Ila Shrestha
Wild edible plants refer to edible species that are not cultivated or domesticated for use. Different parts of wild plants collected from natural habitats are consumed as food in varied forms in different parts of Nepal. The main objective of this study was to review the wild edible plant species of Nepal. It compiled 436wild edible plant species from 110 families and 277 genera. Among them 208 (48%) species were herbs, 68 (16%) species shrubs, 120 (27%) species trees and 40 (9%) species were climbers. The study showed that 95 % of wild edible plant species were angiosperm, 5 % were pteridophytes and very negligible percentage (only one species) was gymnosperm. Fabaceae was the family with the highest number (27 sps.) followed by Moraceae and Rosaceae (24 sps.) and Polygonaceae and Asteraceae (19 sps.) of wild edible plants. Maximum numbers of plant species (208 sps.) were consumed as vegetables and the mostly used part of was found as the fruits (168 sps.) followed by leaves (93 sps.), shoots (52 sps.) and flowers (20 sps.).
{"title":"Ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants of Nepal","authors":"R. S. Gautam, S. Shrestha, Ila Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49956","url":null,"abstract":"Wild edible plants refer to edible species that are not cultivated or domesticated for use. Different parts of wild plants collected from natural habitats are consumed as food in varied forms in different parts of Nepal. The main objective of this study was to review the wild edible plant species of Nepal. It compiled 436wild edible plant species from 110 families and 277 genera. Among them 208 (48%) species were herbs, 68 (16%) species shrubs, 120 (27%) species trees and 40 (9%) species were climbers. The study showed that 95 % of wild edible plant species were angiosperm, 5 % were pteridophytes and very negligible percentage (only one species) was gymnosperm. Fabaceae was the family with the highest number (27 sps.) followed by Moraceae and Rosaceae (24 sps.) and Polygonaceae and Asteraceae (19 sps.) of wild edible plants. Maximum numbers of plant species (208 sps.) were consumed as vegetables and the mostly used part of was found as the fruits (168 sps.) followed by leaves (93 sps.), shoots (52 sps.) and flowers (20 sps.). ","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48611570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49954
B. Khanal
The population of Troides aeacus aeacus is declining due to habitat threats in many parts of central Nepal. The population survey was done by direct observation with a random walk in the morning sun from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m., considering its appropriate months of appearance. There was no issue with counting repetition since this species appeared in single or double individuals at each locality of this survey. This work, which covered an elevation range of 550 to 2000 m, was carried out in central Nepal between May and July of 2017 and April, May, and September of 2018. A total count of 56 individuals of this butterfly was recorded in this survey, which covered adjoining districts like Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Makwanpur, and Nuwakot. The observed small population and distribution gaps of this butterfly in a few locations were primarily caused by habitat loss, the absence of sufficient plants that provide nectar for adults and food for larvae, and tourism activity, which was particularly noticeable in Nagarkot (Bhaktapur) and Chitlang (Makwanpur). In addition, the impact was seen primarily as a result of road construction, forest fires, and small landslides in some of its habitat areas in Makwanpur and Chandragiri.
{"title":"Survey of population and threats of a cites listed butterfly Troides aeacus aeacus (Felder and Felder, 1860) in central Nepal","authors":"B. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49954","url":null,"abstract":"The population of Troides aeacus aeacus is declining due to habitat threats in many parts of central Nepal. The population survey was done by direct observation with a random walk in the morning sun from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m., considering its appropriate months of appearance. There was no issue with counting repetition since this species appeared in single or double individuals at each locality of this survey. This work, which covered an elevation range of 550 to 2000 m, was carried out in central Nepal between May and July of 2017 and April, May, and September of 2018. A total count of 56 individuals of this butterfly was recorded in this survey, which covered adjoining districts like Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Makwanpur, and Nuwakot.\u0000The observed small population and distribution gaps of this butterfly in a few locations were primarily caused by habitat loss, the absence of sufficient plants that provide nectar for adults and food for larvae, and tourism activity, which was particularly noticeable in Nagarkot (Bhaktapur) and Chitlang (Makwanpur). In addition, the impact was seen primarily as a result of road construction, forest fires, and small landslides in some of its habitat areas in Makwanpur and Chandragiri.","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45207851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49950
L. Poudyal, G. Thapa, Bishal Poudyal
An ichthyological survey along with a desk study was carried out at Shuklaphanta National Park, Kanchanpur, Nepal which harbours varieties of fish fauna. To this end, field surveys were held during the spring (March to April) and the autumn (September to October) in 2020 aiming to determine the fish checklist present in the study area. Cast net of different mesh sizes, scoop net, hook and line, flow modification, and local traps of bamboo baskets were the sampling gears employed to collect fish samples. Based on the present survey along with historical records, a combined fish checklist depicted a total of 88 fish species belonging to 7 orders, 21families and 49 genera which apart from 35 fish species adopted from the past studies carried out from 1973 to 2019, and 53 species were recorded during our field survey in 2020. This paper indicates the need for further exploration and studies and proper sustainable management for conserving important fish fauna from being overexploited.
{"title":"A checklist of fish fauna of Shuklaphanta National Park, Kanchanpur, Nepal","authors":"L. Poudyal, G. Thapa, Bishal Poudyal","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49950","url":null,"abstract":"An ichthyological survey along with a desk study was carried out at Shuklaphanta National Park, Kanchanpur, Nepal which harbours varieties of fish fauna. To this end, field surveys were held during the spring (March to April) and the autumn (September to October) in 2020 aiming to determine the fish checklist present in the study area. Cast net of different mesh sizes, scoop net, hook and line, flow modification, and local traps of bamboo baskets were the sampling gears employed to collect fish samples. Based on the present survey along with historical records, a combined fish checklist depicted a total of 88 fish species belonging to 7 orders, 21families and 49 genera which apart from 35 fish species adopted from the past studies carried out from 1973 to 2019, and 53 species were recorded during our field survey in 2020. This paper indicates the need for further exploration and studies and proper sustainable management for conserving important fish fauna from being overexploited.","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49227348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49952
Sudeep Khati, D. Pant, G. Joshi
Bryophytes are small, photosynthetic plants, capable of growing on variety of habitats, so are pioneer of ecological succession. In Nepal bryophytes have been studied floristically in different parts of the country, but the impact of disturbance on floristic composition was lacking. Therefore, present study aimed to determine floristic composition of bryophytes especially on disturbed habitat generated by recently established Cable Car facility in Chandragiri hill, Kathmandu. The study area, highly disturbed at the base (1550-1600 m asl) and top of the hill (2400-2450 m asl), were selected for the collection of bryophytes. Altogether, 17 species of bryophytes including 5 liverworts, 11 mosses and 1 hornwort were recorded from the disturbed habitats. Among the 5 classes, Bryopsida was the most dominant class followed by the class Marchantiopsida, Polytrichopsida, Jungermanniopsida and Anthocerotopsida. Impact of elevation on diversity of bryophytes was observed in both sites of disturbed habitats. The diversity of bryophyte was found higher (13 species) at the base of the hill as compared to the top (8 species). Among the 17 species of bryophytes, 5 taxa (Aerobryidium filamentosum, Anomobryum auratum, Atrichum undulatum var. subserratum, Chiloscyphus profundus and Plagiomnium ellipticum) that have not been enumerated from the study site so far were also documented.
{"title":"Floristic composition of bryophytes in disturbed habitats of two different elevations in Chandragiri Hill, central Nepal","authors":"Sudeep Khati, D. Pant, G. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v32i1.49952","url":null,"abstract":"Bryophytes are small, photosynthetic plants, capable of growing on variety of habitats, so are pioneer of ecological succession. In Nepal bryophytes have been studied floristically in different parts of the country, but the impact of disturbance on floristic composition was lacking. Therefore, present study aimed to determine floristic composition of bryophytes especially on disturbed habitat generated by recently established Cable Car facility in Chandragiri hill, Kathmandu. The study area, highly disturbed at the base (1550-1600 m asl) and top of the hill (2400-2450 m asl), were selected for the collection of bryophytes. Altogether, 17 species of bryophytes including 5 liverworts, 11 mosses and 1 hornwort were recorded from the disturbed habitats. Among the 5 classes, Bryopsida was the most dominant class followed by the class Marchantiopsida, Polytrichopsida, Jungermanniopsida and Anthocerotopsida. Impact of elevation on diversity of bryophytes was observed in both sites of disturbed habitats. The diversity of bryophyte was found higher (13 species) at the base of the hill as compared to the top (8 species). Among the 17 species of bryophytes, 5 taxa (Aerobryidium filamentosum, Anomobryum auratum, Atrichum undulatum var. subserratum, Chiloscyphus profundus and Plagiomnium ellipticum) that have not been enumerated from the study site so far were also documented.","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42211146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39373
B. Khanal
Sindhupalchok is one of the largest districts of central Nepal with area occupancy of about 2542 km². The northern side of this district exhibits complex physical feature where this study was carried out within the elevation of 850m to 4300m. The changing elevation gradients along mountain habitats act to control the distribution of butterflies at its ascending range. This study made on different periods in 2009 and 2012 brought a list of 114 species of butterflies from three different destinations of the northern side that included areas like Melamchi, Timbu (central-northern), Helambu (northern) Nakote (north-western) Panch Pokhari and adjoining region (north-eastern). The diversity of butterflies declined gradually above 3500m towards Panch Pokhari whereas species richness was noticed high at 900-2700 m from Melamchi to Helambu route including Nakote, Shermathan and Tarkyghyang. Ecotourism promotional activity can also be linked to the butterfly watch that includes rare and attractive species carrying high interest to the visiting tourists to this region. These tourists intend to watch, document and photograph these butterflies besides birds and other wildlife species. The supplementary information on these insects including other faunal components can be helpful to provide impressive knowledge to the visiting tourists to this part.
{"title":"Inventory of Butterflies and Its Role to Promote Ecotourism in Northern Sindhupalchok District of Central Nepal","authors":"B. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39373","url":null,"abstract":"Sindhupalchok is one of the largest districts of central Nepal with area occupancy of about 2542 km². The northern side of this district exhibits complex physical feature where this study was carried out within the elevation of 850m to 4300m. The changing elevation gradients along mountain habitats act to control the distribution of butterflies at its ascending range. This study made on different periods in 2009 and 2012 brought a list of 114 species of butterflies from three different destinations of the northern side that included areas like Melamchi, Timbu (central-northern), Helambu (northern) Nakote (north-western) Panch Pokhari and adjoining region (north-eastern). The diversity of butterflies declined gradually above 3500m towards Panch Pokhari whereas species richness was noticed high at 900-2700 m from Melamchi to Helambu route including Nakote, Shermathan and Tarkyghyang. Ecotourism promotional activity can also be linked to the butterfly watch that includes rare and attractive species carrying high interest to the visiting tourists to this region. These tourists intend to watch, document and photograph these butterflies besides birds and other wildlife species. The supplementary information on these insects including other faunal components can be helpful to provide impressive knowledge to the visiting tourists to this part.","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41576931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39372
J. Shrestha, G. Thapa, S. Shrestha
A survey on gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of Channa species was done from the fish markets of Kanchanrup municipality and surrounding rivers and ponds with the help of local fishermen from May 2017 to April 2018. The experimental fishes were carried in the laboratory of Post Graduate Campus, Biratnagar. The visceral masses of the fishes were removed and examined under microscope by simple wet mount preparation for occurrence of various helminth parasites. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. C. orientalis (n=200) was infected by nematodes (Capillaria pterophylli), trematodes (Gonocerca physidis and Genarchopsis goppo) and cestodes (Senga sp.) giving prevalence of 87.5%. Similarly, C. striatus (n=225) was infected by nematodes (Camallanus intestinalis and Neocamellanus sp.), cestodes (Bothriocephalus sp.) and acanthacephalan (Pallisentis ophiocephali) with prevalence of infection 85.33%. The total multiple infection number was 131(74.9 %) found in C. orientalis. Channa spp. were heavily loaded by gastro-intestinal helminth parasites which may give rise to a health threat of zoonotic transmission to consumers. Therefore, immediate development of effective control measures and an application of good nourishment practice urgently needed to lower the helminth infection to fishes.
{"title":"A survey on gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of Channa species at Kanchanrup Municipality, Saptari, Nepal","authors":"J. Shrestha, G. Thapa, S. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39372","url":null,"abstract":"A survey on gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of Channa species was done from the fish markets of Kanchanrup municipality and surrounding rivers and ponds with the help of local fishermen from May 2017 to April 2018. The experimental fishes were carried in the laboratory of Post Graduate Campus, Biratnagar. The visceral masses of the fishes were removed and examined under microscope by simple wet mount preparation for occurrence of various helminth parasites. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. C. orientalis (n=200) was infected by nematodes (Capillaria pterophylli), trematodes (Gonocerca physidis and Genarchopsis goppo) and cestodes (Senga sp.) giving prevalence of 87.5%. Similarly, C. striatus (n=225) was infected by nematodes (Camallanus intestinalis and Neocamellanus sp.), cestodes (Bothriocephalus sp.) and acanthacephalan (Pallisentis ophiocephali) with prevalence of infection 85.33%. The total multiple infection number was 131(74.9 %) found in C. orientalis. Channa spp. were heavily loaded by gastro-intestinal helminth parasites which may give rise to a health threat of zoonotic transmission to consumers. Therefore, immediate development of effective control measures and an application of good nourishment practice urgently needed to lower the helminth infection to fishes.","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46927914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39378
B. Shakya, H. Aryal
Tomatoes are one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable in Nepal. Fungal pathogens deteriorate the quality and quantity of tomato and cause health hazards to the consumers as well as economic loss to the traders. This study was carried out to identify some fungal diseases associated with post-harvest deterioration of stored tomato fruits in Balkhu Agriculture and vegetable Market of Kathmandu, Nepal. Collected samples were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media in complete randomized design. Fifteen species of fungi namely Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fulvum fulva, Colletotrichum truncatum, Curvularia spicifera, Fusarium oxysporum, Dipodascus geotrichum, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium chrysogenum, Phytophthora infestans, Boeremia exigua, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizopus stolonifer were identified. These were responsible for 14 different diseases of Alternaria fruit rot, Anthracnose, Black mold rot, Botrytis Bunch Rot, Damping off/ fruit rot, Drechslera mold, Fusarium rot, Mucor rot, Penicillum rot, Boeremia blight, Phytophthora rot, Rhizopus rot, Russet, and, Sour rot. The presence of these fungi and corresponding rot diseases on stored tomato indicates the need for management of fungi, farm sanitation and improved market in order to prevent field-to-storage transmission of pathogen.
{"title":"A Study of Fungal Diseases Occurring on Stored Tomatoes of Balkhu Agriculture and Vegetable Market, Nepal","authors":"B. Shakya, H. Aryal","doi":"10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v31i1.39378","url":null,"abstract":"Tomatoes are one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable in Nepal. Fungal pathogens deteriorate the quality and quantity of tomato and cause health hazards to the consumers as well as economic loss to the traders. This study was carried out to identify some fungal diseases associated with post-harvest deterioration of stored tomato fruits in Balkhu Agriculture and vegetable Market of Kathmandu, Nepal. Collected samples were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media in complete randomized design. Fifteen species of fungi namely Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fulvum fulva, Colletotrichum truncatum, Curvularia spicifera, Fusarium oxysporum, Dipodascus geotrichum, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium chrysogenum, Phytophthora infestans, Boeremia exigua, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizopus stolonifer were identified. These were responsible for 14 different diseases of Alternaria fruit rot, Anthracnose, Black mold rot, Botrytis Bunch Rot, Damping off/ fruit rot, Drechslera mold, Fusarium rot, Mucor rot, Penicillum rot, Boeremia blight, Phytophthora rot, Rhizopus rot, Russet, and, Sour rot. The presence of these fungi and corresponding rot diseases on stored tomato indicates the need for management of fungi, farm sanitation and improved market in order to prevent field-to-storage transmission of pathogen.","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45457985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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