Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.58593
Bishnu Bilas Adhikari
Buckwheat is one of the important but underexploited crop of Nepal. It ranks 6th position as a staple food crop and is cultivated from Terai to mid hills and mountains. It is cultivated as summer crop in mountains, autumn and spring crop in mid-hills and winter crop in Terai and inner terai. The major buckwheat producing districts of Nepal are Mustang, Humla, Dolpa, Mugu, Kalikot, Jumla, Rukum, Rolpa, Jajarkot, Kavre, Dolakha, Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga and Taplejung. It is considered as a short duration, eco-friendly, drought tolerant, wider adoptive and rainfed loving crop with minimal requirement of plant nutrients, tilling, plant protection measures and other management practices. It plays an important role in the food and nutritional security of the people living in remote rural areas. Two buckwheat species; Fagopyrum. esculentum (Mithe phaper) and Fagopyrum. tataricum (Tite phapar) are cultivated in Nepal. It can withstand against various kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses and fit well in various multiple cropping systems. The area, production and productivity of buckwheat in Nepal during fiscal year 2021/022 is 13875 ha, 15917 tons and 1.15 tons ha-1, respectively. Several factors such as frost, drought, lack of high yielding varieties, lodging, self-incompatibility, female sterility, indeterminant growth habit, shattering is responsible for low yield. To increase the area, production and productivity of buckwheat in Nepal, immediate attention should be given by the researchers, development workers, local governments, and policy makers by developing and advocating location specific scientific interventions and policies.
{"title":"Prospects and Potential of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp) Production in Nepal: A Review","authors":"Bishnu Bilas Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.58593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.58593","url":null,"abstract":"Buckwheat is one of the important but underexploited crop of Nepal. It ranks 6th position as a staple food crop and is cultivated from Terai to mid hills and mountains. It is cultivated as summer crop in mountains, autumn and spring crop in mid-hills and winter crop in Terai and inner terai. The major buckwheat producing districts of Nepal are Mustang, Humla, Dolpa, Mugu, Kalikot, Jumla, Rukum, Rolpa, Jajarkot, Kavre, Dolakha, Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga and Taplejung. It is considered as a short duration, eco-friendly, drought tolerant, wider adoptive and rainfed loving crop with minimal requirement of plant nutrients, tilling, plant protection measures and other management practices. It plays an important role in the food and nutritional security of the people living in remote rural areas. Two buckwheat species; Fagopyrum. esculentum (Mithe phaper) and Fagopyrum. tataricum (Tite phapar) are cultivated in Nepal. It can withstand against various kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses and fit well in various multiple cropping systems. The area, production and productivity of buckwheat in Nepal during fiscal year 2021/022 is 13875 ha, 15917 tons and 1.15 tons ha-1, respectively. Several factors such as frost, drought, lack of high yielding varieties, lodging, self-incompatibility, female sterility, indeterminant growth habit, shattering is responsible for low yield. To increase the area, production and productivity of buckwheat in Nepal, immediate attention should be given by the researchers, development workers, local governments, and policy makers by developing and advocating location specific scientific interventions and policies.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136308216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56978
L. Amgain, Prem Pandey, Sushil Neupane, B. Bhattarai, Jay B. Mahatra
A multi-locational field trials were assessed to know the innovative fertilizer management tool (Nutrient Expert®) for improved nutrient management of Spring Maize in Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project Command Area (RJKIPCA) of Tikapur, Kailali during spring season of 2021. The layout and planting of Spring Maize for NE® - Hybrid Maize model for 42 farmers’ fields (Tikapur-18, Janaki-18 and Lamkichuha-6)], and Nutrient Omission Plot Technique (NOPT) maize trials for 21 farmers’ fields (Tikapur-9, Janaki-9 and Lamkichuha-3) were grown using baby trail/ diamond trials in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) considering farmers as replications. Data recording, tabulation, and analysis and interpretation of the data was performed by using ANOVA through the use of R Stat-software. Data analysis was also done for the yield gap analysis using percentage change in yield of Spring Maize over the location due to changes in crop cultivars and NOPT. The experimental results highlighted that most of the soils in the project site were deficit in N followed by K, with the minimum yield loss due to omission of P. The treatment; farmers' fertilizer practices (FFP) with their own cultivar has shown more decreasing trend in Spring Maize yields and it was more prominently seen within the farmers growing hybrid maize than the open pollinated variety (OPV). With huge percentage of yield gaps in Spring Maize denoted that the soil of Janaki and Tikapur were found to be more prone to N and K nutrients deficient than the soils of Lamkichuha. NE®- Hybrid Maize model has fairly predicted the Spring Maize yields and predicted the sound results on profitability with assured actual attainable yield over the FFP. Therefore, NE-model for Spring Maize is suggested to adopt as a recommended decision support system (DSS) tool in the project command areas of RJKIPCA, Tikapur, Kailali.
{"title":"Assessments of an Innovative Fertilizer Management Tool (Nutrient Expert®) for Improved Nutrient Management of Spring Maize at Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Command Area of Tikapur, Kailali","authors":"L. Amgain, Prem Pandey, Sushil Neupane, B. Bhattarai, Jay B. Mahatra","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56978","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-locational field trials were assessed to know the innovative fertilizer management tool (Nutrient Expert®) for improved nutrient management of Spring Maize in Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project Command Area (RJKIPCA) of Tikapur, Kailali during spring season of 2021. The layout and planting of Spring Maize for NE® - Hybrid Maize model for 42 farmers’ fields (Tikapur-18, Janaki-18 and Lamkichuha-6)], and Nutrient Omission Plot Technique (NOPT) maize trials for 21 farmers’ fields (Tikapur-9, Janaki-9 and Lamkichuha-3) were grown using baby trail/ diamond trials in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) considering farmers as replications. Data recording, tabulation, and analysis and interpretation of the data was performed by using ANOVA through the use of R Stat-software. Data analysis was also done for the yield gap analysis using percentage change in yield of Spring Maize over the location due to changes in crop cultivars and NOPT. The experimental results highlighted that most of the soils in the project site were deficit in N followed by K, with the minimum yield loss due to omission of P. The treatment; farmers' fertilizer practices (FFP) with their own cultivar has shown more decreasing trend in Spring Maize yields and it was more prominently seen within the farmers growing hybrid maize than the open pollinated variety (OPV). With huge percentage of yield gaps in Spring Maize denoted that the soil of Janaki and Tikapur were found to be more prone to N and K nutrients deficient than the soils of Lamkichuha. NE®- Hybrid Maize model has fairly predicted the Spring Maize yields and predicted the sound results on profitability with assured actual attainable yield over the FFP. Therefore, NE-model for Spring Maize is suggested to adopt as a recommended decision support system (DSS) tool in the project command areas of RJKIPCA, Tikapur, Kailali.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84836426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56970
K. Regmi, Anima Pokhrel, Sabina Regmi, Sujan Kandel, Jamuna Lamichhane
In recent years, production and consumption of organic product is increasing due to increasing awareness among consumers about its use. A study was conducted in two municipalities of Rupandehi district viz. Devdaha and Siddharthanagar to know about awareness, perception and consumer willingness to pay for organic product. Altogether 200 interviews were conducted, 100 from each municipality using interview schedule. According to a study, 86% of individuals were aware of organic products. Result also revealed that education status of household head (p<0.01), number of economically active female members (p=0.05) and annual household income (p<0.05) had significant positive effect, while number of economically active male members (p=0.01) had significantly negative effect on awareness of organic product. The majority of consumers believed that organic product was pesticide free, nutritious, and eco-friendly thus being healthy, tasty, and fresh and environmentally sound. However, the preference for organic products was shown to be hampered by factors like low availability, low trust, and high cost. Organic products preferred were mostly vegetables and fruits. Most of the people were willing to pay up to 20% price premium. Preference level (p<0.01), awareness about organic food (p<0.01), education status of household head (p<0.1), distance willing to travel for purchase (p<0.01) and annual household income (p<0.01) were found substantially related with willingness to pay price premium. Thus, it is necessary to motivate farmers for production of organic product owing to its increasing demand. Similarly, organic product certification from authorized organization is also necessary to boost its consumption.
{"title":"Assessment on Consumers Willingness to Pay for Organic Products in Rupandehi District, Nepal","authors":"K. Regmi, Anima Pokhrel, Sabina Regmi, Sujan Kandel, Jamuna Lamichhane","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56970","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, production and consumption of organic product is increasing due to increasing awareness among consumers about its use. A study was conducted in two municipalities of Rupandehi district viz. Devdaha and Siddharthanagar to know about awareness, perception and consumer willingness to pay for organic product. Altogether 200 interviews were conducted, 100 from each municipality using interview schedule. According to a study, 86% of individuals were aware of organic products. Result also revealed that education status of household head (p<0.01), number of economically active female members (p=0.05) and annual household income (p<0.05) had significant positive effect, while number of economically active male members (p=0.01) had significantly negative effect on awareness of organic product. The majority of consumers believed that organic product was pesticide free, nutritious, and eco-friendly thus being healthy, tasty, and fresh and environmentally sound. However, the preference for organic products was shown to be hampered by factors like low availability, low trust, and high cost. Organic products preferred were mostly vegetables and fruits. Most of the people were willing to pay up to 20% price premium. Preference level (p<0.01), awareness about organic food (p<0.01), education status of household head (p<0.1), distance willing to travel for purchase (p<0.01) and annual household income (p<0.01) were found substantially related with willingness to pay price premium. Thus, it is necessary to motivate farmers for production of organic product owing to its increasing demand. Similarly, organic product certification from authorized organization is also necessary to boost its consumption.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85726453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56985
Ram Parsad Mainali, S. Nyaupane
The role of auxin in growth and development in plants has been studied and documented since its discovery; however, its role in plant defense during pathogenic infection has been studied more recently. With the aim to provide new insights and update knowledge in this field of biology, this review was carried out focusing on the specific role of auxin and associated signaling against a wide array of bacterial and fungal pathogens, as special references. This review illustrates the role of auxin including indole-3-acetic acid, mechanism of auxin-responsive gene action, auxin signaling and associated crosstalk with other defense hormone pathways. Loads of evidence support that the biology of plants favoring repressed auxin signaling, auxin responsive defense gene activation and hormonal crosstalk with other associated defense hormones such as salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathway is vital for host defense against pathogens. As this paper unravels the role of auxin in plant defense, classical and molecular breeders would get new background insight into engineering plants with enhanced host plant resistance with the introduction of auxin responsive gene or manipulation of desirable auxin signaling or associated pathway. The current knowledge domain on plant defense during pathogen infection could be improved by considering multiple pathogens in nature, their interaction with other beneficial microbes and associated auxin manipulation in future research works.
{"title":"Auxin in Plant Defense Reactions: New Insights and Potential Applications for Resistance Breeding Programmes","authors":"Ram Parsad Mainali, S. Nyaupane","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56985","url":null,"abstract":"The role of auxin in growth and development in plants has been studied and documented since its discovery; however, its role in plant defense during pathogenic infection has been studied more recently. With the aim to provide new insights and update knowledge in this field of biology, this review was carried out focusing on the specific role of auxin and associated signaling against a wide array of bacterial and fungal pathogens, as special references. This review illustrates the role of auxin including indole-3-acetic acid, mechanism of auxin-responsive gene action, auxin signaling and associated crosstalk with other defense hormone pathways. Loads of evidence support that the biology of plants favoring repressed auxin signaling, auxin responsive defense gene activation and hormonal crosstalk with other associated defense hormones such as salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathway is vital for host defense against pathogens. As this paper unravels the role of auxin in plant defense, classical and molecular breeders would get new background insight into engineering plants with enhanced host plant resistance with the introduction of auxin responsive gene or manipulation of desirable auxin signaling or associated pathway. The current knowledge domain on plant defense during pathogen infection could be improved by considering multiple pathogens in nature, their interaction with other beneficial microbes and associated auxin manipulation in future research works.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89808891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56983
Benju Dhakal, M. Jaishi
Involvement of youth entrepreneurs into agriculture is the only measure suggested to cope with the loss of production and productivity that follows the adverse effects of labor migration. Various factors that affect entrepreneurship and youth's willingness to participate in agricultural activities have direct influence on youth involvement in agriculture, however inadequately studied in Nepal. So, a cross section study using convergent parallel mixed method design was conducted in Bihadi rural municipality of Parbat district Nepal to determine whether or not labor migrant’s families are willing to pursue agriculture as a means of income livelihood. Simple random sampling among 231 households of Parbat showed population that is willing to pursue agriculture (50.65%) was not significantly different than that from unwilling population. The major socio- economic factors influencing the willingness positively were age, social organization membership, land holding and negatively were prevalence of child in family and expected amount of income required per month to live in village by the labor migrant’s family. Consideration of these factors is helpful for successful preparation of local level agriculture plan of Parbat.
{"title":"Socio-Economic Determinants of the Willingness to Pursue Agriculture among Labor Migrant’s Families of Parbat, Nepal","authors":"Benju Dhakal, M. Jaishi","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56983","url":null,"abstract":"Involvement of youth entrepreneurs into agriculture is the only measure suggested to cope with the loss of production and productivity that follows the adverse effects of labor migration. Various factors that affect entrepreneurship and youth's willingness to participate in agricultural activities have direct influence on youth involvement in agriculture, however inadequately studied in Nepal. So, a cross section study using convergent parallel mixed method design was conducted in Bihadi rural municipality of Parbat district Nepal to determine whether or not labor migrant’s families are willing to pursue agriculture as a means of income livelihood. Simple random sampling among 231 households of Parbat showed population that is willing to pursue agriculture (50.65%) was not significantly different than that from unwilling population. The major socio- economic factors influencing the willingness positively were age, social organization membership, land holding and negatively were prevalence of child in family and expected amount of income required per month to live in village by the labor migrant’s family. Consideration of these factors is helpful for successful preparation of local level agriculture plan of Parbat.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74511434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56971
H. Sharma, Sagar G.C., B. Khadka, Nabin Bhandari
A study was carried out in the Humla district during 2078 B.S. to examine the local cropping pattern, production status, and indigenous practices of crops. To gather information, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to survey 52 households, and two focus group discussions were conducted. The study found that the major indigenous crops were summer crops that were sowed in the months of Baisakh and Jestha and harvested in Ashoj and Kartik. These crops required less water. On the other hand, winter season crops such as naked barley and wheat (pabai) required more than seven months for harvesting. Beans, buckwheat, potato, and finger millet were the major crops produced in the study area. Beans, buckwheat, and barley were cultivated by a higher number of households, while buckwheat, potato, and beans had high crop production. The majority of farmers practices a two-year crop rotation. Additionally, the study found that socio-economic factors such as gender, farmer’s age, caste, family size, and total crop production had a significant relation on maintaining on-farm crop diversity. The study concluded that local farmers in Humla district continue to rely on traditional practices for crop management, which are well-suited to the local agro-climatic conditions. However, it is necessary to give greater emphasis to increasing cropping intensity through the introduction of new technology and innovation, suitable crop management methods, and the protection of indigenous crops to enhance food security and agricultural sustainability in the region.
{"title":"Cropping Pattern, Production Status and Farmer’s Indigenous Practices of Local Crops in Humla District, Nepal","authors":"H. Sharma, Sagar G.C., B. Khadka, Nabin Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56971","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out in the Humla district during 2078 B.S. to examine the local cropping pattern, production status, and indigenous practices of crops. To gather information, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to survey 52 households, and two focus group discussions were conducted. The study found that the major indigenous crops were summer crops that were sowed in the months of Baisakh and Jestha and harvested in Ashoj and Kartik. These crops required less water. On the other hand, winter season crops such as naked barley and wheat (pabai) required more than seven months for harvesting. Beans, buckwheat, potato, and finger millet were the major crops produced in the study area. Beans, buckwheat, and barley were cultivated by a higher number of households, while buckwheat, potato, and beans had high crop production. The majority of farmers practices a two-year crop rotation. Additionally, the study found that socio-economic factors such as gender, farmer’s age, caste, family size, and total crop production had a significant relation on maintaining on-farm crop diversity. The study concluded that local farmers in Humla district continue to rely on traditional practices for crop management, which are well-suited to the local agro-climatic conditions. However, it is necessary to give greater emphasis to increasing cropping intensity through the introduction of new technology and innovation, suitable crop management methods, and the protection of indigenous crops to enhance food security and agricultural sustainability in the region.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84706519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56966
L. Aryal, S. Baidya, Bishwas Raj Bastola, Padam Prasad Poudel
Field experiment was conducted at Plant Pathology block of Grain Legumes Research Program, Khajura, Banke during 2018 to evaluate the different doses of chemical and biological fungicides against Stemphylium blight disease of Lentil. The experimental design was laid in Randomized Complete Block design in field condition with three replications. Altogether 3 fungicides, 2 chemical {Saff (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63%); Farm guard (Chlorothalonil 75% WP} at the dose of 1.5 gm, 2 gm and 2.5 gm per liter water and one biological {Commericial Phytoderma (Trichoderma harzianum) at the dose of 2.5 gm, 3 gm and 3.5 gm per liter water along with no fungicide application (control) was evaluated. Lowest mean disease severity (28.89) was obtained when Farm guard (Chlorothalonil @ 2.5 gm/ water) was applied followed by Saff (30) at the same dose. Highest mean disease severity (43.33) was obtained when no fungicide was applied. Similarly lowest Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) (204.2) was obtained when Saff @ 2.5 gm/lit water was applied followed by Chlorothalonil (210) at the same dose. Highest AUDPC (291.7) was obtained in control plot. In case of grain yield Chlorothalonil @2gm per liter water obtained highest yield (836 kg/ha) with highest yield increase percent (34.6%). Lowest grain yield was obtained from control plot (546 kg/ha) followed by Trichoderma (624 kg/ha) when sprayed at 2.5 gm per liter water. Thus, from the study it is concluded that Chlorothalonil @ 2 gm when applied timely for three times can manage the Stemphylium blight disease.
{"title":"Management of Stemphylium Blight of Lentil by the Application of Different Dose of Chemical and Biological Fungicides","authors":"L. Aryal, S. Baidya, Bishwas Raj Bastola, Padam Prasad Poudel","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56966","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was conducted at Plant Pathology block of Grain Legumes Research Program, Khajura, Banke during 2018 to evaluate the different doses of chemical and biological fungicides against Stemphylium blight disease of Lentil. The experimental design was laid in Randomized Complete Block design in field condition with three replications. Altogether 3 fungicides, 2 chemical {Saff (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63%); Farm guard (Chlorothalonil 75% WP} at the dose of 1.5 gm, 2 gm and 2.5 gm per liter water and one biological {Commericial Phytoderma (Trichoderma harzianum) at the dose of 2.5 gm, 3 gm and 3.5 gm per liter water along with no fungicide application (control) was evaluated. Lowest mean disease severity (28.89) was obtained when Farm guard (Chlorothalonil @ 2.5 gm/ water) was applied followed by Saff (30) at the same dose. Highest mean disease severity (43.33) was obtained when no fungicide was applied. Similarly lowest Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) (204.2) was obtained when Saff @ 2.5 gm/lit water was applied followed by Chlorothalonil (210) at the same dose. Highest AUDPC (291.7) was obtained in control plot. In case of grain yield Chlorothalonil @2gm per liter water obtained highest yield (836 kg/ha) with highest yield increase percent (34.6%). Lowest grain yield was obtained from control plot (546 kg/ha) followed by Trichoderma (624 kg/ha) when sprayed at 2.5 gm per liter water. Thus, from the study it is concluded that Chlorothalonil @ 2 gm when applied timely for three times can manage the Stemphylium blight disease.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87239018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56991
Mukunda Raj Joshi, Sukriti Pandit
Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), also known as the horseradish tree, drumstick, or sajna, is a multipurpose tree that is found around the world in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Having various medicinal and nutrition properties, it is also known as miracle tree. This review study was done for easy access and dissemination of scientifically proven and culturally practiced uses of moringa tree to the agricultural group of Nepal. Different information and data used in this paper were taken from the multiple journals found in online platform. The leaves of the moringa tree are particularly beneficial since they are rich in protein, calcium, iron, and vitamin C, while the bark aids in the absorption of heavy metals. The moringa plant’s leaf extracts have a number of beneficial effects, including anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal characteristics. Making fermented plant juice from leaves and seeds can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Application of moringa leaf extract throughout the booting, milking and heading stages significantly reduces wheat aphid populations. To control pests in stored grain, extracts from different moringa tree parts are employed. Moringa oleifera seed methanolic extract can be used to control Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae on their respective grains. Application of the growth hormone present in moringa leaf extract is said to boost crop output by 45%. Due to its good green manure and fencing capacity, moringa plays crucial function in agroforestry system. Therefore, moringa is a multipurpose tree because of its benefits to agriculture, environment and human health.
{"title":"Moringa oleifera: A Boon to Agriculture","authors":"Mukunda Raj Joshi, Sukriti Pandit","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56991","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), also known as the horseradish tree, drumstick, or sajna, is a multipurpose tree that is found around the world in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Having various medicinal and nutrition properties, it is also known as miracle tree. This review study was done for easy access and dissemination of scientifically proven and culturally practiced uses of moringa tree to the agricultural group of Nepal. Different information and data used in this paper were taken from the multiple journals found in online platform. The leaves of the moringa tree are particularly beneficial since they are rich in protein, calcium, iron, and vitamin C, while the bark aids in the absorption of heavy metals. The moringa plant’s leaf extracts have a number of beneficial effects, including anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal characteristics. Making fermented plant juice from leaves and seeds can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Application of moringa leaf extract throughout the booting, milking and heading stages significantly reduces wheat aphid populations. To control pests in stored grain, extracts from different moringa tree parts are employed. Moringa oleifera seed methanolic extract can be used to control Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae on their respective grains. Application of the growth hormone present in moringa leaf extract is said to boost crop output by 45%. Due to its good green manure and fencing capacity, moringa plays crucial function in agroforestry system. Therefore, moringa is a multipurpose tree because of its benefits to agriculture, environment and human health.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79773257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.56976
Chuda Dhakal
This review article highlights the importance of effect size in research. P-value alone is not sufficient to determine the practical significance of a study, making effect size an essential component in hypothesis testing. Choosing the appropriate effect size for a specific study design can be challenging, and its interpretation may require modifications and personal judgement. Therefore, researchers should exercise caution when reporting and interpreting effect size, as it provides valuable information about the practical significance of their study, complementing hypothesis testing results. In conclusion, effect size should not be overlooked and should be carefully chosen and interpreted to ensure the validity and reliability of research results
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Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.57000
Swasthani Silwal, Sujata Acharya, Devesh Rai Sangpang, Nabin Chalaune, J. Mandal, Rukmagat Pathak, P. Poudel
An experiment on effect of different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. ArkaAnamika was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa, Rupandehi during February 2017 to June 2017. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments 220:200:60 NPK Kg ha–1 (T1), 200:180:60 NPK Kg ha–1 (T2), 180:160:40 NPK Kg ha–1 (T3), 160:140:40 NPK Kg ha–1 (T4), 140:120:20 NPK Kg ha–1(T5), 120:100:20 NPK Kg ha–1 (T6) and Control (T7) were applied and the growth, yield and yield attributes of okra were studied. The result revealed that there were no significant differences (p=0.05 level by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test-DMRT) on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, fruit length, fruit diameter, average number of fruit per plant and average marketable yield to the effect of different combination of NPK levels. However, the result showed that average marketable yield and total yield was found significant over the control and also the highest total yield (43.21 Mt/ha) was obtained at 160:140:40NPK Kg ha–1.
{"title":"Effect of Different Combinations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under Rupandehi Condition","authors":"Swasthani Silwal, Sujata Acharya, Devesh Rai Sangpang, Nabin Chalaune, J. Mandal, Rukmagat Pathak, P. Poudel","doi":"10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.57000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v37i1.57000","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment on effect of different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. ArkaAnamika was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa, Rupandehi during February 2017 to June 2017. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments 220:200:60 NPK Kg ha–1 (T1), 200:180:60 NPK Kg ha–1 (T2), 180:160:40 NPK Kg ha–1 (T3), 160:140:40 NPK Kg ha–1 (T4), 140:120:20 NPK Kg ha–1(T5), 120:100:20 NPK Kg ha–1 (T6) and Control (T7) were applied and the growth, yield and yield attributes of okra were studied. The result revealed that there were no significant differences (p=0.05 level by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test-DMRT) on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, fruit length, fruit diameter, average number of fruit per plant and average marketable yield to the effect of different combination of NPK levels. However, the result showed that average marketable yield and total yield was found significant over the control and also the highest total yield (43.21 Mt/ha) was obtained at 160:140:40NPK Kg ha–1.","PeriodicalId":89696,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86159607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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