Biotechnic & Histochemistry最新文献

Liver ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are common in hepatic resection, trauma surgery, and transplantation and contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between early histopathological changes due to liver I/R injury and serum levels of perilipin-2 (Plin2) and other oxidative stress biomarkers. Fifty female Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (ischemia for 30 minutes), and Groups 3-5 (ischemia followed by 1, 2, or 3 hours of reperfusion). Intracardiac and arterial blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, while liver tissue samples were used for histopathological examination. Serum levels of Plin2, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured. Plin2 levels were significantly lower in the ischemia group compared to others (p < 0.01). The control group had significantly lower IMA, TOS, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p < 0.01) and lower TAS levels (p < 0.05). Rats with Grade 1 liver injury showed significantly lower Plin2 (p < 0.01) and higher IMA levels (p < 0.05). Reduced serum Plin2 following ischemia suggests its potential as a biomarker for acute liver injury. Further studies are needed to clarify its role across different reperfusion durations.

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, the routine histological staining method, might not accurately represent the composition and properties of hard tissues. This limitation necessitates the use of advanced diagnostic methods. Methylene blue-acid fuchsin (MB-AF) and modified Gallego's iron fuchsin (MG) stains are useful for differentially staining hard tissues, such as teeth, bone, and pathological calcifications. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of MG and MB-AF stains in lesions composed of calcified tissues. A total of 30 histopathologically confirmed cases of various lesions composed of calcified tissue, including compound odontoma (6), ossifying fibroma (6), osteosarcoma (6), osteomyelitis (6), and fibrous dysplasia (6), were chosen. Each lesion had three sections stained with MB-AF, MG, and H&E. Wilcoxon signed rank test was employed for statistical analysis. Dentin, cementum, and bone showed light green, red, and deep green hues, respectively, when stained with modified Gallego's stain. A statistically superior intensity and contrast (p < 0.05) was observed in the MG-stained sections as compared to those stained with MB-AF. MG stain demonstrates superior potential as a special stain for calcifications compared to MB-AF, particularly in terms of the contrast between hard tissues and the surrounding stroma in lesions composed of calcified tissue.

Although Prunus persica var. nucipersica (PPN) exerts antinociceptive, antipyretic, antitumor, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory activities with various benefits for human health, the efficacy of the leaf extract from PPN (PPNLE) for wound healing has not been studied yet. In this study, we found that PPNLE clearly affected the scavenging of in vitro free radicals for wound healing. Furthermore, in fibroblast cells, PPNLE significantly resulted in the increased mRNA and protein expressions of wound healing factors, and induced migration of fibroblast cells. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted from fibroblasts stimulated by PPNLE had an effect on the induction of tube formation, by enhancing VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) phosphorylation and activation of VEGFR2-mediated downstream pathways such as Protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in activation of endothelial cells for angiogenesis during wound repair. Moreover, in an in vivo rat model, it has been shown that PPNLE markedly improved skin injury by regulating collagen deposition, re-epithelialization, and neovascularization. These results suggest that PPNLE could be developed as a drug for skin wound healing.

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a chronic inflammatory condition thought to result from the insertion of external hairs through the epidermis, effectively leading to inflammation and cyst formation. Presenting clinical features comparable to those of PSD, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is also characterized as a chronic inflammatory skin disorder associated with hormonal and gene dysregulation, although the exact etiology remains unclear. Given the overlapping clinical features between PSD and HS, this study aimed to evaluate the histologic and immunohistochemical differences between PSD and HS. Using 70 patient tissues and 19 normal skin controls in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, protein expressions of cytokeratin 5/6, KLK7, filaggrin, envoplakin, and EPHA2 were analyzed in the epithelium of PSD and HS lesions using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, iron levels, hair shaft presence, and multinucleated macrophage counts were compared, along with disease prevalence across sex and ethnicity. PSD lesions exhibited higher iron levels, and more frequent intralesional hair shafts than HS. The condition was noted more frequently in younger White males while HS was more frequently found in older African American females. The immunohistochemical assays determined that cytokeratin 5/6, KLK7, filaggrin, envoplakin, and EPHA2 increased in lesional skin. The results support the theory that the immune and epithelial response in PSD and HS are similar despite their mechanistically divergent origins.

This study investigated the impact of crocin, a carotenoid component of saffron, on liver damage induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in melatonin deficiency. A synthetic catecholamine called isoproterenol (ISO) was utilised to cause MI-like lesions in rats, simulating the symptoms of heart failure. Using 70 Wistar Albino rats, the following groups were established: (i) control, (ii) sham, (iii) pinealectomy (PNX), (iv) isoproterenol (85 mg/kg), (v) PNX + ISO, (vi) PNX + Crocin (30 days/50 mg/kg), and (vii) PNX + ISO + crocin. To evaluate liver damage, histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed. MI significantly increased oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde and decreased antioxidant levels (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase). Crocin treatment improved oxidative stress markers compared to the untreated groups. Elevated liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase) confirmed liver injury in the ISO groups. The levels of these enzymes were not substantially changed by crocin treatment. The liver tissue from the ISO and PNX groups showed moderate-to-severe damage, including inflammation, apoptosis, and hepatocyte degeneration. Crocin treatment reduced these histopathological changes. Crocin reduced the expression of Caspase-3 and increased Ki-67 expression, suggesting its potential to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis and promote liver regeneration. Crocin treatment showed hepatoprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress, liver enzyme levels, and histopathological damage. More research is required to fully understand the mechanisms of crocin's protective actions and evaluate its clinical applicability.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause a lot of pathophysiological consequences, a phenomenon referred to as oxidative stress. With regard to carcinogenesis, ROS is described as a "double-edged sword" due to its condition specific role as a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor. The current work aims to delineate the mechanistic aspect of this dual role of oxidative stress during hematopoietic malignancy, i.e., leukemia. The study involves N-N' Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) based induction of leukemia in experimental mice followed by the characterization of the disease by investigating the peripheral blood scenario, bone marrow smear study, cytochemistry and histopathology of marrow, flow cytometry based measurement of ROS, and expressional analysis of signaling molecules viz; PCNA, histone-3, CXCR-4, CXCL-12, cyclin-D1, Rb, survivin, and nestin. The result showed that the increased ROS level in leukemic marrow is associated with pathological angiogenesis along with the alteration of CXCR-4/CXCL-12/Cyclin-D axis which was found to be correlated with the hyper-proliferation of the malignant clones. On the other hand, the negation of the tumor suppressive activity of ROS in the hematopoietic compartment of leukemic marrow can be related with the up-regulation of nestin and survivin. The mechanistic study regarding oxidative stress and leukemogenesis may certainly potentiate the development of new anti-leukemic therapeutic strategies.

Infertility affects around 15% of couples worldwide, with male factors being responsible for nearly half of these cases. Oxidative stress is a significant contributor to male infertility, leading to damaged sperm. This research examines the protective effects of Nacetylcysteine (NAC) on sperm exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced oxidative stress in rats. Sperm samples from adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, H₂O₂, NAC, and H₂O₂+NAC. Various parameters, including sperm viability, abnormal morphology, chromatin condensation, and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated after incubation using established assays. Exposure to H₂O₂ significantly decreased sperm viability, increased the rate of abnormal morphology, heightened chromatin condensation abnormalities, and compromised plasma membrane integrity. Treatment with NAC significantly ameliorated these effects, demonstrating its protective role against oxidative damage. NAC effectively counteracts oxidative damage in sperm, improving viability, morphology, chromatin integrity, and membrane integrity. These findings demonstrate the protective effects of NAC against oxidative stress-induced sperm damage under in vitro conditions, underscoring its potential as a subject for further investigation in the context of oxidative stress-related male infertility.

We investigated the effects of nobiletin, an antioxidant, in rats with testicular damage induced by chronic water avoidance stress. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Control; Nobiletin (NOB); Chronic Stress (CS); Chronic Stress+DMSO (CS+DMSO); and Chronic Stress+Nobiletin (CS+NOB). Healthy testicular morphology was seen in the Control and NOB groups. In the CS group, seminiferous tubule diameters and germinal epithelial thicknesses decreased, and basement membranes were thicker. This morphological damage was reduced in the CS+NOB group. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that anti-ZO-1 expression, which was intense in the Control and NOB groups, decreased in the CS group, and increased in CS+NOB, similar to Control and NOB. Electron microscopy indicated that the blood-testis barrier (BTB) maintained its integrity in the Control and NOB groups, lost its integrity in the CS group, and was largely preserved in CS+NOB. Biochemical analyses showed that oxidative stress markers, significantly increased in the CS group, decreased significantly in the CS+NOB group. These findings underscore the protective effect of NOB on the male reproductive system against chronic stress, suggesting that nobiletin might be a valuable supportive agent in the treatment of male infertility.