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Ethics in biology, engineering & medicine最新文献

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Systems Biology 系统生物学
Ethics in biology, engineering & medicine
Pub Date : 2019-05-15 DOI: 10.1201/9781351012270-17
L. Chan, W. Tang
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引用次数: 0
Precision 精度
Ethics in biology, engineering & medicine
Pub Date : 2019-05-15 DOI: 10.1201/9781351012270-12
L. Chan
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency 效率
Ethics in biology, engineering & medicine
Pub Date : 2019-05-15 DOI: 10.1201/9781351012270-11
L. Chan
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引用次数: 0
Need for an Ethical Framework for Testing for Systemic Diseases in Dental Clinics. 牙科诊所全身性疾病检测的伦理框架的需要。
Ethics in biology, engineering & medicine
Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.2012004545
Marushka Leanne Silveira, Amit Chattopadhyay

Testing for systemic diseases in dental clinics is a potentially attractive avenue for oral health professionals and may be viewed as an opportunity to increase professional reach, expand practice, and improve financial returns. However, several ethical questions arise that must be addressed before such activities are adopted. (1) What should be the level of training dentists must acquire to deal with challenges associated with testing? (2) How well are dental practices aware of and compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and procedures related to informed consent? (3) What is the evidence regarding acceptability and effectiveness of testing? (4) What should be the acceptable standard of practice for conduct of invasive and noninvasive tests? (5) What is the boundary delineating "testing" and "reporting" vis-à-vis counseling? (6) What is the value of testing without counseling? (7) What assurances need to be in place to ensure voluntariness of testing? (8) How would data from testing be used in "research," especially with the growth of practice based research networks? and (9) Does the American Dental Association Code of Ethics need to incorporate guidance for practicing dentists? We discuss how ethical principles can be used to develop a framework of guidelines for potential testing for systemic diseases in dental clinics..

对口腔卫生专业人员来说，在牙科诊所进行全身性疾病检测是一个潜在的有吸引力的途径，可能被视为增加专业范围、扩大实践和提高经济回报的机会。但是，在采取这些活动之前，必须解决若干道德问题。(1)牙医应该接受什么样的培训才能应对与测试相关的挑战?(2)牙科诊所对《健康保险流通与责任法》和与知情同意有关的程序的了解和遵守程度如何?(3)关于检测的可接受性和有效性的证据是什么?(4)进行侵入性和非侵入性检查的可接受的操作标准是什么?(5)在-à-vis咨询中，“测试”和“报告”的界限是什么?(6)不咨询的检测有什么价值?(7)需要作出哪些保证以确保自愿进行测试?(8)如何将测试数据用于“研究”，特别是随着基于实践的研究网络的发展?(9)美国牙医协会道德规范是否需要纳入对执业牙医的指导?我们讨论如何使用伦理原则来制定牙科诊所系统性疾病潜在检测的指导框架。
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引用次数: 4
The Ethics of Globalizing Bioethics. 全球化生物伦理学的伦理。
Ethics in biology, engineering & medicine
Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.2012004265
Stuart Rennie, Bavon Mupenda

In the last decade, there have been efforts to globalize the field of bioethics, particularly in developing countries, where biomedical and other research is increasingly taking place. We describe and evaluate some key ethical criticisms directed towards these initiatives, and argue that while they may be marked by ethical, practical, and political tensions and pitfalls, they can nevertheless play an important role in stimulating critical bioethics culture in countries vulnerable to exploitation by foreign agencies and/or their own authorities.

在过去的十年中，人们一直在努力实现生物伦理领域的全球化，尤其是在生物医学和其他研究日益增多的发展中国家。我们描述并评估了针对这些举措的一些主要伦理批评，并认为尽管这些举措可能在伦理、实践和政治方面存在紧张关系和隐患，但它们在促进易受外国机构和/或本国当局利用的国家的批判性生物伦理文化方面可以发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality in Environmental Health Research. 在环境健康研究中保护隐私权和保密性。
Ethics in biology, engineering & medicine
Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.v1.i4
David B Resnik

Environmental health researchers often need to make difficult decisions on how to protect privacy and confidentiality when they conduct research in the home or workplace. These dilemmas are different from those normally encountered in clinical research. Although protecting privacy and confidentiality is one of the most important principles of research involving human subjects, it can be overridden to prevent imminent harm to individuals or if required by law. Investigators should carefully consider the facts and circumstances and use good judgment when deciding whether to breach privacy or confidentiality.

环境健康研究人员在家庭或工作场所开展研究时，往往需要就如何保护隐私和保密性做出艰难的决定。这些难题与临床研究中通常遇到的难题不同。虽然保护隐私和保密性是涉及人类受试者的研究中最重要的原则之一，但为了防止对个人造成迫在眉睫的伤害，或者在法律要求的情况下，可以不遵守这些原则。研究人员在决定是否违反隐私或保密原则时，应仔细考虑事实和情况，并做出正确判断。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental Protection 环境保护
Ethics in biology, engineering & medicine
Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9781351012270-26
L. Chan
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引用次数: 0
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