M. Hunsaker, Brandon Richards, Adelle Fuller, K. Kingsley, K. Howard
: Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into various types of cells and tissue. Previous research has demonstrated that DPSCs can be easily accessed and isolated from both permanent and deciduous teeth, such as wisdom teeth or third molars, although there is less information available about the mechanisms and factors that regulate the growth and proliferative phenotypes and responses of DPSCs. Recent studies have revealed that a type of non-coding RNA known as microRNA can modulate these characteristics among many types of stem cells, although much is still unknown about how DPSC phenotypes may be regulated by microRNAs. Due to this lack of knowledge, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate microRNA expression and determine any correlations with DPSC phenotypes, such as proliferation or growth. Six DPSC isolates were retrieved from an existing repository and cultured using an existing approved protocol. Exosomes and extracellular vesicles were extracted from each DPSC isolate, which ranged in size from 50 to 250 nm. Exosome isolation was confirmed using Western blots for CD63 and Bradford protein assays. In addition, RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and qPCR was performed, which revealed that all DPSC isolates expressed miR-124, miR-133, and miR-224. However, differential expression of miR-21 among rapid and intermediate doubling time (rDT, iDT) isolates was observed, with expression of miR-135 found only among the intermediate and slow (iDT, sDT) DPSC isolates. This study provides some of the first evidence of associations between miRNA expression and specific DPSC growth phenotypes. Further studies will be needed to confirm these results and determine the mechanisms associated with the expression of miR-21 among rapidly growing DPSCs and miR-135 expression among more slowly growing DPSCs
{"title":"Expression of Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs miR-21 and miR-135 are Differentially Regulated Among Dental Pulp Stem Cells","authors":"M. Hunsaker, Brandon Richards, Adelle Fuller, K. Kingsley, K. Howard","doi":"10.3844/amjsp.2023.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/amjsp.2023.1.11","url":null,"abstract":": Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into various types of cells and tissue. Previous research has demonstrated that DPSCs can be easily accessed and isolated from both permanent and deciduous teeth, such as wisdom teeth or third molars, although there is less information available about the mechanisms and factors that regulate the growth and proliferative phenotypes and responses of DPSCs. Recent studies have revealed that a type of non-coding RNA known as microRNA can modulate these characteristics among many types of stem cells, although much is still unknown about how DPSC phenotypes may be regulated by microRNAs. Due to this lack of knowledge, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate microRNA expression and determine any correlations with DPSC phenotypes, such as proliferation or growth. Six DPSC isolates were retrieved from an existing repository and cultured using an existing approved protocol. Exosomes and extracellular vesicles were extracted from each DPSC isolate, which ranged in size from 50 to 250 nm. Exosome isolation was confirmed using Western blots for CD63 and Bradford protein assays. In addition, RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and qPCR was performed, which revealed that all DPSC isolates expressed miR-124, miR-133, and miR-224. However, differential expression of miR-21 among rapid and intermediate doubling time (rDT, iDT) isolates was observed, with expression of miR-135 found only among the intermediate and slow (iDT, sDT) DPSC isolates. This study provides some of the first evidence of associations between miRNA expression and specific DPSC growth phenotypes. Further studies will be needed to confirm these results and determine the mechanisms associated with the expression of miR-21 among rapidly growing DPSCs and miR-135 expression among more slowly growing DPSCs","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present here a 50-year-old male with a past medical history of aplastic anemia secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome who presented to the hospital with the chief complaint of severe generalized weakness due to acute anemia. He was transfused one unit of blood and developed ARDS 4 hours later. He was diagnosed with transfusion-related acute lung injury and discharged home after symptomatic management. This case report is a typical case of TRALI and deserves to be published in order to inform the general public of clinicians about TRALI, with the goal to improve the notification rate to hemovigilance which remains very low.
{"title":"Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury","authors":"F. Raziq","doi":"10.3844/amjsp.2020.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/amjsp.2020.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"We present here a 50-year-old male with a past medical history of aplastic anemia secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome who presented to the hospital with the chief complaint of severe generalized weakness due to acute anemia. He was transfused one unit of blood and developed ARDS 4 hours later. He was diagnosed with transfusion-related acute lung injury and discharged home after symptomatic management. This case report is a typical case of TRALI and deserves to be published in order to inform the general public of clinicians about TRALI, with the goal to improve the notification rate to hemovigilance which remains very low.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48678018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) are non-embryonic, mesenchymal stem cells that may have significant potential for therapeutic and regenerative biomedical applications. Studies of DPSC differentiation have demonstrated the potential to form many tissue types, including neural, osteogenic and vascular precursors using cytokines and growth factors, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Eight previously isolated Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) isolates were grown in culture and treated with VEGF to evaluate any effects on growth, viability or biomarker expression. Administration of VEGF at 10 ng/mL significantly inhibited growth in two rapidly dividing or rDT DPSC isolates, with no other measurable effects noted among the intermediate (iDT) or slow (sDT) growing DPSC isolates. In addition, administration of VEGF had no significant effects on viability of the sDT or iDT DPSC isolates, however, all three of the rapidly dividing or rDT DPSC isolates exhibited significantly increased viability. Finally, mRNA expression of osteogenic biomarkers Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was observed among the rDT isolates with specific combinations of DPSC biomarkers expressed (NANOG in combination with Sox-2 or Oct-4 but not both). The results of these data suggest that VEGF administration may be sufficient to induce partial differentiation of DPSC isolates, although this may be dependent upon the MSC biomarker expression of the DPSCs. These preliminary data may further research into the potential for tissue regeneration and bioengineering.
{"title":"Effects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) on Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC)","authors":"E. Mullins, Cale Forgues, K. Kingsley","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2019.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2019.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) are non-embryonic, mesenchymal stem cells that may have significant potential for therapeutic and regenerative biomedical applications. Studies of DPSC differentiation have demonstrated the potential to form many tissue types, including neural, osteogenic and vascular precursors using cytokines and growth factors, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Eight previously isolated Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) isolates were grown in culture and treated with VEGF to evaluate any effects on growth, viability or biomarker expression. Administration of VEGF at 10 ng/mL significantly inhibited growth in two rapidly dividing or rDT DPSC isolates, with no other measurable effects noted among the intermediate (iDT) or slow (sDT) growing DPSC isolates. In addition, administration of VEGF had no significant effects on viability of the sDT or iDT DPSC isolates, however, all three of the rapidly dividing or rDT DPSC isolates exhibited significantly increased viability. Finally, mRNA expression of osteogenic biomarkers Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was observed among the rDT isolates with specific combinations of DPSC biomarkers expressed (NANOG in combination with Sox-2 or Oct-4 but not both). The results of these data suggest that VEGF administration may be sufficient to induce partial differentiation of DPSC isolates, although this may be dependent upon the MSC biomarker expression of the DPSCs. These preliminary data may further research into the potential for tissue regeneration and bioengineering.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2019.1.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48487429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 17-year-old girl was seen and treated for eosinophilic pneumonia with underlying Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES), a rare disorder comprising of the triad: A persistently high eosinophil count, eosinophil-mediated organ damage and with no evidence of other causes of secondary eosinophilia. The diagnosis was subsequently changed to acute exacerbation of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia following reviews of journal updates. Pulmonary eosinophilia is a life-threatening condition which is treatable if detected early. Unfortunately, being a rare and poorly understood disease, its diagnosis is often missed and management delayed. The aim of this report is to consolidate the understanding of CEP diagnostics and the therapeutic role of steroids based on available literature.
{"title":"Primary Eosinophilic Lung Diseases and the Therapeutic Role of Corticosteroids: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"H. Sani, N. S. Zulkufli","doi":"10.3844/amjsp.2019.9.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/amjsp.2019.9.13","url":null,"abstract":"A 17-year-old girl was seen and treated for eosinophilic pneumonia with underlying Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES), a rare disorder comprising of the triad: A persistently high eosinophil count, eosinophil-mediated organ damage and with no evidence of other causes of secondary eosinophilia. The diagnosis was subsequently changed to acute exacerbation of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia following reviews of journal updates. Pulmonary eosinophilia is a life-threatening condition which is treatable if detected early. Unfortunately, being a rare and poorly understood disease, its diagnosis is often missed and management delayed. The aim of this report is to consolidate the understanding of CEP diagnostics and the therapeutic role of steroids based on available literature.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/amjsp.2019.9.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45883790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-06DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2017.14.28
R. Shanmugam
Air pollution is dangerous sespecially to the residents in cities, as it causes lung, heart, or respiratory illness. Public health professionals ponder whether the air pollution is significantly controilled. The amount of existing air pollution is measurable, but not its regulated level, which is therefore as a parameter in a novel manner in this article. However, there is no suitable methodology in the literature to extract and test whether the an estimated data evidence about the regulated air pollution level is significant. To fulfill the need, this article constructs a methodology based on tapered probability model for the air pollution data. Our new methodology is demonstrated using the air pollution data in African, American, Asian, European and Oceanic continents.
{"title":"Is Air Pollution Controlled Enough? “Tapered Probabilities” Answer","authors":"R. Shanmugam","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2017.14.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2017.14.28","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is dangerous sespecially to the residents in cities, as it causes lung, heart, or respiratory illness. Public health professionals ponder whether the air pollution is significantly controilled. The amount of existing air pollution is measurable, but not its regulated level, which is therefore as a parameter in a novel manner in this article. However, there is no suitable methodology in the literature to extract and test whether the an estimated data evidence about the regulated air pollution level is significant. To fulfill the need, this article constructs a methodology based on tapered probability model for the air pollution data. Our new methodology is demonstrated using the air pollution data in African, American, Asian, European and Oceanic continents.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"14-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2017.14.28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49377947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In their practice, healthcare administrators and professionals often wonder about the non-matching level organs in transplants for the sake of future forecasting. Currently, there is no appropriate methodology to analyze the pertinent transplant data and describe the patterns. The lack of a suitable methodology in the literature originates from an incorrect impression that the primary transplant cases and the repeat transplant cases are two separate and independent Poisson probability processes. In fact, the actual data on the primary and repeat transplant cases in USA during the year 2014 indicate otherwise with a high degree of correlation between them. One wonders about the missing link and it hides in their model as this article articulates. The aims of this article are set to find an appropriate underlying model for the data and then construct an analytic methodology. In this research process, a novel and useful bivariate probability distribution is discovered and it is named here "seemingly independent bivariate Poisson distribution" for a lack of better title. Its statistical properties are derived, explained and illustrated. This new bivariate distribution helps not only to estimate the non-matching level of organs in the transplant cases but also to project the number of repeat transplant cases based on knowing the number of primary transplant cases and vice versa.
{"title":"Level of Non-Matching Primary Transplant Cases According to Repeat Transplants Cases and a New Bivariate Poisson Distribution","authors":"R. Shanmugam","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2017.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2017.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"In their practice, healthcare administrators and professionals often wonder about the non-matching level organs in transplants for the sake of future forecasting. Currently, there is no appropriate methodology to analyze the pertinent transplant data and describe the patterns. The lack of a suitable methodology in the literature originates from an incorrect impression that the primary transplant cases and the repeat transplant cases are two separate and independent Poisson probability processes. In fact, the actual data on the primary and repeat transplant cases in USA during the year 2014 indicate otherwise with a high degree of correlation between them. One wonders about the missing link and it hides in their model as this article articulates. The aims of this article are set to find an appropriate underlying model for the data and then construct an analytic methodology. In this research process, a novel and useful bivariate probability distribution is discovered and it is named here \"seemingly independent bivariate Poisson distribution\" for a lack of better title. Its statistical properties are derived, explained and illustrated. This new bivariate distribution helps not only to estimate the non-matching level of organs in the transplant cases but also to project the number of repeat transplant cases based on knowing the number of primary transplant cases and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2017.1.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43966138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Pal, K. Murti, A. Gupta, Urmi Choudhury, M. K. Rastogi, H. Pandey, C. Lal, K. Pandey, P. Das
Self medication practices among the medical and paramedical professionals have been reported in many countries, however, very limited research was done exclusively on antibiotic in North India. This study was designed to assess the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic usage for self diagnosed diseases among the medical and pharmacy students. This was a questionnaire based cross sectional study conducted among medical and pharmacy students in North India. A total 326 students participated in the study and data of 316 students were eligible for analysis. 57.63% medical and 66.9% pharmacy students reported to use antibiotics in last one year. Fever was the predominant ailments for which medical (48.41%) and pharmacy (46.88%) students' self medicated. Most of the medical (74.6%) and pharmacy (61.9%) students had preferred amoxicillin for their ailments. The majority of medical students, 65.87% have self medicated because of their pharmacological knowledge in contrast to 62.1% pharmacy students. Adverse drug reaction experienced by 29.36% and 11.7% medical and pharmacy students respectively. Statistically no significant difference was observed in antibiotic usage between medical and pharmacy students (p = 0.08). To curb the growing trend of this unethical practices students of health care professional needs to be educated.
{"title":"Self Medication with Antibiotics among Medical and Pharmacy Students in North India","authors":"B. Pal, K. Murti, A. Gupta, Urmi Choudhury, M. K. Rastogi, H. Pandey, C. Lal, K. Pandey, P. Das","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2016.7.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2016.7.12","url":null,"abstract":"Self medication practices among the medical and paramedical professionals have been reported in many countries, however, very limited research was done exclusively on antibiotic in North India. This study was designed to assess the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic usage for self diagnosed diseases among the medical and pharmacy students. This was a questionnaire based cross sectional study conducted among medical and pharmacy students in North India. A total 326 students participated in the study and data of 316 students were eligible for analysis. 57.63% medical and 66.9% pharmacy students reported to use antibiotics in last one year. Fever was the predominant ailments for which medical (48.41%) and pharmacy (46.88%) students' self medicated. Most of the medical (74.6%) and pharmacy (61.9%) students had preferred amoxicillin for their ailments. The majority of medical students, 65.87% have self medicated because of their pharmacological knowledge in contrast to 62.1% pharmacy students. Adverse drug reaction experienced by 29.36% and 11.7% medical and pharmacy students respectively. Statistically no significant difference was observed in antibiotic usage between medical and pharmacy students (p = 0.08). To curb the growing trend of this unethical practices students of health care professional needs to be educated.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2016.7.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Prevost, Wendy Gerstein, N. Salas, C. Geppert, Holly Fleming
Maladaptive denial is a pathological reaction to the symptoms, signs or diagnosis of a physical illness. The dominant response is persistent denial of having the physical disorder. Maladaptive denial typically results in the inability of the patient to provide informed consent to treatment due to the refusal to acknowledge an underlying disease process. This pathologic behavior exposes the affected individual to a significantly higher risk of serious physical illness or death. This paper describes a patient with maladaptive denial to his diagnosis of stage IV Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which results in his death. The authors de fine the disorder, discuss the common ethical issues that arise when taking care of patients with maladaptive denial and summarize the recommended management.
{"title":"A Case Vignette and Review of Maladaptive Denial and Related Ethical Issues","authors":"M. Prevost, Wendy Gerstein, N. Salas, C. Geppert, Holly Fleming","doi":"10.3844/amjsp.2016.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/amjsp.2016.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Maladaptive denial is a pathological reaction to the symptoms, signs or diagnosis of a physical illness. The dominant response is persistent denial of having the physical disorder. Maladaptive denial typically results in the inability of the patient to provide informed consent to treatment due to the refusal to acknowledge an underlying disease process. This pathologic behavior exposes the affected individual to a significantly higher risk of serious physical illness or death. This paper describes a patient with maladaptive denial to his diagnosis of stage IV Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which results in his death. The authors de fine the disorder, discuss the common ethical issues that arise when taking care of patients with maladaptive denial and summarize the recommended management.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/amjsp.2016.3.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Naloxone as a Harm Reduction Initiative: Misinterpretations of Research","authors":"Richard R. Massatti","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2016.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2016.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2016.1.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2016.13.18
C. Chan, W. Chan, C. H. Cheng, P. Xia
This retrospective analysis was to study the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) in a Reproductive Medical Center in Hong Kong. A total of 1190 patients were included in this study. Group 1A, couples had no symptoms but presented with subinfertility; Group 1B, the subfertile couples were positive for either Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) or Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU); Group 2, couples with symptoms were offered full STD screening including CT, UU, Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), Syphilis, Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2. The methods of ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR were used for these analyses. Group 1A: UU detection rates in both male and female (13.84 v.s. 37.07%) were significantly higher than that of CT (5.65 v.s. 5.57%); Group 1B and Group 2: For those who had Full STD check, UU and MH detection rates were significantly higher than that of CT (35, 13.7 and 7.1% respectively). Over 47% of patients showed positive for one or more organism. In the subfertile couples, the UU and CT detection rates were much higher in females than those in males. Both semen and urine samples gave the same rates of infection among CT, UU, NG and MH. U. urealyticum infection rate rather than Chlamydis trachomatis infection is highest in Hong Kong. The infection rate in females is higher than in males. The detection rates in semen and urine samples in males are similar.
本研究旨在回顾性分析香港某生殖医疗中心性传播疾病(STD)的流行情况。本研究共纳入1190例患者。1A组夫妇无症状但表现为亚不孕症;1B组，不育夫妇沙眼衣原体(CT)或解脲支原体(UU)阳性;第2组，有症状的夫妇进行全面性病筛查，包括CT、UU、人支原体(MH)、淋病奈瑟菌(NG)、梅毒、单纯疱疹病毒1型和2型。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和实时荧光定量PCR方法进行分析。1A组:男女UU检出率(13.84 vs . 37.07%)均显著高于CT (5.65 vs . 5.57%);1B组和2组:行STD全检者UU和MH检出率明显高于CT(分别为35.7%、13.7%和7.1%)。超过47%的患者对一种或多种微生物呈阳性。在不育夫妇中，女性UU和CT检出率明显高于男性。在精液和尿液样本中，CT、UU、NG和MH的感染率相同。香港的unrealyticum感染率最高，而沙眼衣原体感染率最高。女性的感染率高于男性。男性精液和尿液样本的检出率相似。
{"title":"What is Missing in STD Screening in Hong Kong","authors":"C. Chan, W. Chan, C. H. Cheng, P. Xia","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2016.13.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2016.13.18","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective analysis was to study the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) in a Reproductive Medical Center in Hong Kong. A total of 1190 patients were included in this study. Group 1A, couples had no symptoms but presented with subinfertility; Group 1B, the subfertile couples were positive for either Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) or Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU); Group 2, couples with symptoms were offered full STD screening including CT, UU, Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), Syphilis, Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2. The methods of ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR were used for these analyses. Group 1A: UU detection rates in both male and female (13.84 v.s. 37.07%) were significantly higher than that of CT (5.65 v.s. 5.57%); Group 1B and Group 2: For those who had Full STD check, UU and MH detection rates were significantly higher than that of CT (35, 13.7 and 7.1% respectively). Over 47% of patients showed positive for one or more organism. In the subfertile couples, the UU and CT detection rates were much higher in females than those in males. Both semen and urine samples gave the same rates of infection among CT, UU, NG and MH. U. urealyticum infection rate rather than Chlamydis trachomatis infection is highest in Hong Kong. The infection rate in females is higher than in males. The detection rates in semen and urine samples in males are similar.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2016.13.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70193058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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