{"title":"Summary statement of findings related to the distribution, characteristics, and biological availability of fallout debris originating from testing programs at the Nevada test site.","authors":"K H LARSON, J W NEEL","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"438 ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32130918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary statements are given of significant findings related to the distribution characteristics, and biological availability of fall-out debris originating from testing programs at the Nevada Test Site during the past decade. The delineation of fall-out patterns has been accomplished by the use of aenial and ground monitoring surveys. Only about 25% of the total amount of fission products produced by tower-supported detonations were deposited within distances corresponding to fall-out time of H + 12 hr; a much smaller quantity was deposited by halloon-supported detonations. Fall-out particles less than 44 (For in diameter are presumed to be of the greatest biological significance. About 30% of the fall-out radioactivity from tower-supported detonations was contained in the 0 to 44 (For particles as compared to almost 70% for balloon-supported detonations. Fall-out debris from halloon- supported detonations was also much more water and acid soluble than was the debris from towel-supported detonations. The those calculated by the T/sup -1.//sup 2/ relationship. Fall- out radioactivity is apparently confined to the first 2 in. of the soil surface unless the surface has been mechanically disturbed. Most of the fall-out debris that was redistributed by various environmental factors after original deposition consisted of particles < 44 (For in diameter; the particles in this size range also represented the predominant contamination on plant foliage. Sr/ sup 90/ levels in surface soil ranged from 31.9 to 142 mc/sq. mile in virgin areas near known fall-out pattern midlines and from 7.5 to 22.7 mc/sq. mile in agricultural areas that in some cases did not coincide with fall-out pattern midlines. The accumulation of radioiodine by native animals was observed to be a function of distance from GZ. Ba/sup 140/, Y/sup 91/, Sr/sup 89/, and Sr/sup 90/ were major bone contaminants. Post-series sampling of native aminals indicated that the accumulation of Sr/sup 89/ was also a function of distance from the point of detonation; however, the Sr/sup 90/ accumulation by animals correlated poorly with the strontium unit levels in soils. The strontium unit levels increased in milk immediately following contamition of the farm with fall-out debris and then decreased with time as well as the amount of strontium associated with the cattle's diet. Observations during the past decade indicate that less than 10% of the total strontium produced from nuclear detonations at NTS has been deposited with 200 miles from the point of detonation. (auth)« less
{"title":"Summary statement of findings related to the distribution, characteristics, and biological availability of fallout debris originating from testing programs at the Nevada test site.","authors":"K. H. Larson, J. W. Neel","doi":"10.2172/6986059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/6986059","url":null,"abstract":"Summary statements are given of significant findings related to the distribution characteristics, and biological availability of fall-out debris originating from testing programs at the Nevada Test Site during the past decade. The delineation of fall-out patterns has been accomplished by the use of aenial and ground monitoring surveys. Only about 25% of the total amount of fission products produced by tower-supported detonations were deposited within distances corresponding to fall-out time of H + 12 hr; a much smaller quantity was deposited by halloon-supported detonations. Fall-out particles less than 44 (For in diameter are presumed to be of the greatest biological significance. About 30% of the fall-out radioactivity from tower-supported detonations was contained in the 0 to 44 (For particles as compared to almost 70% for balloon-supported detonations. Fall-out debris from halloon- supported detonations was also much more water and acid soluble than was the debris from towel-supported detonations. The those calculated by the T/sup -1.//sup 2/ relationship. Fall- out radioactivity is apparently confined to the first 2 in. of the soil surface unless the surface has been mechanically disturbed. Most of the fall-out debris that was redistributed by various environmental factors after original deposition consisted of particles < 44 (For in diameter; the particles in this size range also represented the predominant contamination on plant foliage. Sr/ sup 90/ levels in surface soil ranged from 31.9 to 142 mc/sq. mile in virgin areas near known fall-out pattern midlines and from 7.5 to 22.7 mc/sq. mile in agricultural areas that in some cases did not coincide with fall-out pattern midlines. The accumulation of radioiodine by native animals was observed to be a function of distance from GZ. Ba/sup 140/, Y/sup 91/, Sr/sup 89/, and Sr/sup 90/ were major bone contaminants. Post-series sampling of native aminals indicated that the accumulation of Sr/sup 89/ was also a function of distance from the point of detonation; however, the Sr/sup 90/ accumulation by animals correlated poorly with the strontium unit levels in soils. The strontium unit levels increased in milk immediately following contamition of the farm with fall-out debris and then decreased with time as well as the amount of strontium associated with the cattle's diet. Observations during the past decade indicate that less than 10% of the total strontium produced from nuclear detonations at NTS has been deposited with 200 miles from the point of detonation. (auth)« less","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"438 1","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68232794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of x-irradiation on the response of the guinea pig enteric ganglia and post ganglionic cholinergic nerve endings to drugs.","authors":"T J HALEY, P WILLIAMS, N KOMESU, A M FLESHER","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"461 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32129706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolism of essential fatty acids. IX. The biosynthesis of the octadecadienoic acids in the rat.","authors":"A J FULCO, J F MEAD","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"458 ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32131611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolism of the essential fatty acids. X. Conversion of 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid to arachidonic acid in the rat.","authors":"D R HOWTON, J F MEAD","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"456 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32129714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X-irradiation protection studies. I. Dose rate effect and statistical determination of significance in survival time curves.","authors":"J L LEITCH","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"455 ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32129372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blood brain barrier behavior during temporary concussion.","authors":"B CASSEN, R NEFF","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"453 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32135217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of x-irradiation upon spontaneous and evoked brain electrical activity in cats.","authors":"H GANGLOFF, T J HALEY","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"451 ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32131615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resistance to x-irradiation by embryonic cells of the limb buds of tadpoles.","authors":"B M ALLEN, L M EWELL","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"450 ","pages":"1-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32135175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radioactive strontium can serve as a tracer to gain information concerning calcium metabolism in human subjects. Gamma-emitting Sr{sup 85} is used rather than the much more hazardous, beta-emitting Sr{sup 89} and Sr{sup 90}. (ca{sup 47} -- the ideal tracer for normal calcium -- is quite expensive and difficult to procure.) Very significant information may be obtained merely by measuring and recording the changes in radioactivity in various body areas during the first hour after intravenous injection of the bone-seeking radioisotope. This is accomplished by placing a lead-shielded gamma-scintillation detector in contact with the skin over the sites of interest and recording the activities on a scaler or ratemeter. The activity versus time curves so obtained are called radioisotope osteograms. Data were presented which indicated that Sr{sup 85} osteograms for patients afflicted with osteoporosis, Paget`s disease, tumor metastases to bone, and possibly multiple myeloma, differ significantly from those obtained from subjects with no skeletal abnormalities. Some interpretations of these deviations were discussed. The value of conducting double-tracer tests (e.g. -- Sr{sup 85} plus radio-iodinated serum albumin) was demonstrated, and correlations with excretion data were made. With further refinements the technique may ultimately become useful for certain diagnostic problems in the clinic and.for evaluating the efficacy of treatment of these disorders.
{"title":"The radioisotope osteogram-kinetic studies of skeletal disorders in humans.","authors":"N S MACDONALD","doi":"10.2172/129479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/129479","url":null,"abstract":"Radioactive strontium can serve as a tracer to gain information concerning calcium metabolism in human subjects. Gamma-emitting Sr{sup 85} is used rather than the much more hazardous, beta-emitting Sr{sup 89} and Sr{sup 90}. (ca{sup 47} -- the ideal tracer for normal calcium -- is quite expensive and difficult to procure.) Very significant information may be obtained merely by measuring and recording the changes in radioactivity in various body areas during the first hour after intravenous injection of the bone-seeking radioisotope. This is accomplished by placing a lead-shielded gamma-scintillation detector in contact with the skin over the sites of interest and recording the activities on a scaler or ratemeter. The activity versus time curves so obtained are called radioisotope osteograms. Data were presented which indicated that Sr{sup 85} osteograms for patients afflicted with osteoporosis, Paget`s disease, tumor metastases to bone, and possibly multiple myeloma, differ significantly from those obtained from subjects with no skeletal abnormalities. Some interpretations of these deviations were discussed. The value of conducting double-tracer tests (e.g. -- Sr{sup 85} plus radio-iodinated serum albumin) was demonstrated, and correlations with excretion data were made. With further refinements the technique may ultimately become useful for certain diagnostic problems in the clinic and.for evaluating the efficacy of treatment of these disorders.","PeriodicalId":90102,"journal":{"name":"Annual progress report - University of California, Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology","volume":"449 ","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1959-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32129385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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