Clinical medicine insights. Women's health最新文献

Background: A high hypovitaminosis D prevalence has repeatedly been reported in Middle Eastern countries. Previous data regarding the vitamin D status of young women in Saudi Arabia and the related hypovitaminosis D risk factors are scarce, so this research assessed hypovitaminosis D prevalence and its risk factors among apparently healthy female university students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional research used a convenience sample of healthy female students (n = 180) aged between 19 and 25 years in May 2016. Information was gathered on the participants' sociodemographics, health, lifestyle, dietary intakes, anthropometry, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and a logistic regression analysis was performed to assess hypovitaminosis D risk factors.

Results: The sample's hypovitaminosis D prevalence (25(OH)D <30 ng/mL) was 80.6%. The main determinants of hypovitaminosis D were as follows: urban residence (odds ratio [OR] = 6.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.74-5.63), rare sun exposure (OR = 6.14; 95% CI, 2.15-17.55), and insufficient vitamin D intake (OR = 2.50; 95% CI, 1.07-5.81).

Conclusions: The findings emphasize that despite plentiful sunshine, Saudi Arabia and the Middle East face a vitamin D deficiency epidemic. Vitamin D status must therefore be assessed at the national level so that strategies aimed at boosting vitamin D levels can be instigated.

Only 50 years ago obstetric care providers and women had many concerns regarding whether exercise during pregnancy created a harmful competition for substrate resources between the fetus and the mother. Animal and human research in the past 50 years, which includes acute and chronic aerobic exercise during pregnancy, has a reassuring margin of safety throughout gestation in women. Maternal physiology adapts to pregnancy changes involving the cardiorespiratory and glucometabolic alterations. Due to these changes, pregnant women have slight differences in response to acute exercise sessions. Chronic exposure to aerobic exercise before and during pregnancy is associated with numerous maternal and neonatal adaptations which may have short- and long-term benefits to maternal and child health. On the basis of the consistent evidence of safety of exercise during pregnancy, multiple nations and health care organizations, including the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, recommend moderate exercise for 20 to 30 minutes most days of the week. Despite the 15 to 20 years since the first recommendations were made, only 10% to 15% of pregnant women meet this recommendation. It seems there may be 2 foci for failure to achieve these exercise recommendations: patient specific and culturally driven and/or obstetric provider not recommending regular exercise due to lack of knowledge or motivation. This article addresses the provider knowledge by a review of the normal (at rest) physiologic adaptation to pregnancy. Then, we provide a detailed description of the type and intensity of controlled experiments that document the safety of exercise during pregnancy. The short- and long-term benefits are reviewed, including the safety in moderate-risk women.

African-born immigrants comprise one of the fastest growing populations in the U.S., nearly doubling its population size in recent years. However, it is also one of the most underrepresented groups in health-care research, especially research focused on gynecologic and breast malignancies. While the opportunity exists for access to an advanced health-care system, as immigrants migrate to the U.S., they encounter the same health-care inequalities that are faced by the native-born population based on ethnicity and social class, potentiated by limitations of health literacy and lack of familiarity with U.S. health systems. Given the continued influx of African-born immigrants in the U.S., we sought to understand the representation of this population in cervical and breast cancer research, recognizing the population's high risk for these diseases at baseline while residing in their native countries. We determined that there is limited research in these diseases that disproportionately affect them; yet, there are identifiable and potentially modifiable factors that contribute to this paucity of evidence. This clinical commentary seeks to underscore the clear lack of research available involving African-born immigrants with respect to gynecologic and breast malignancies in the existing literature, demonstrate the need for more robust research in this population, and provide fundamental insights into barriers and solutions critical to the continued health of this growing population.