Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000303
Lisa A Pan, Thomas M Zimmer, A. Segreti, Petra C. Martin, Emily Klawson
Objective: Early trauma exposure has been demonstrated to significantly impact brain volume. Childhood trauma also contributes to onset of psychopathology, particularly depression. We sought to identify gray matter volume changes unique to trauma exposure in adolescent depression and hypothesized that adolescents with diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and childhood trauma would have smaller gray matter volume and thickness in areas previously identified as reduced with childhood trauma exposure relative to non-traumatized depressed adolescents and healthy controls. Methods: We obtained structural MRI scans for 120 adolescents with a history of past trauma exposure and a current diagnosis major depressive disorder (MDD, n=29), a diagnosis of MDD, but no trauma exposure (n=49), and healthy controls (n=42). Adolescents with a diagnosis of MDD and trauma exposure compared with adolescents with MDD and no history of trauma exposure showed increased gray matter volume in the right superior parietal lobe (p=0.001), a cortical region important for processing of visuospatial cues and implicated in traumatic memory. Positive trauma history status included sexual or physical abuse, or trauma with risk of death or bodily harm. Results: Our findings indicate increased right superior parietal volume in depressed adolescents with history of trauma exposure that is distinct from findings related to depression or suicidal behavior. Conclusion: Our finding of increased superior parietal volume in adolescents exposed to past trauma compared with adolescents not exposed to past trauma may indicate differences in information processing, particularly visuospatial processing and working memory, in trauma exposed, depressed adolescents. The absence of any significant relationships between superior parietal lobe volume abnormality and measures of present symptom severity, suicidal ideation, past suicide attempt and medication in adolescents with history of depression and past trauma suggests that increased right superior parietal lobe volume may be related to trauma exposure in adolescents with depression.
{"title":"Superior Parietal Volume in Adolescents with a History of Trauma","authors":"Lisa A Pan, Thomas M Zimmer, A. Segreti, Petra C. Martin, Emily Klawson","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Early trauma exposure has been demonstrated to significantly impact brain volume. Childhood trauma also contributes to onset of psychopathology, particularly depression. We sought to identify gray matter volume changes unique to trauma exposure in adolescent depression and hypothesized that adolescents with diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and childhood trauma would have smaller gray matter volume and thickness in areas previously identified as reduced with childhood trauma exposure relative to non-traumatized depressed adolescents and healthy controls. Methods: We obtained structural MRI scans for 120 adolescents with a history of past trauma exposure and a current diagnosis major depressive disorder (MDD, n=29), a diagnosis of MDD, but no trauma exposure (n=49), and healthy controls (n=42). Adolescents with a diagnosis of MDD and trauma exposure compared with adolescents with MDD and no history of trauma exposure showed increased gray matter volume in the right superior parietal lobe (p=0.001), a cortical region important for processing of visuospatial cues and implicated in traumatic memory. Positive trauma history status included sexual or physical abuse, or trauma with risk of death or bodily harm. Results: Our findings indicate increased right superior parietal volume in depressed adolescents with history of trauma exposure that is distinct from findings related to depression or suicidal behavior. Conclusion: Our finding of increased superior parietal volume in adolescents exposed to past trauma compared with adolescents not exposed to past trauma may indicate differences in information processing, particularly visuospatial processing and working memory, in trauma exposed, depressed adolescents. The absence of any significant relationships between superior parietal lobe volume abnormality and measures of present symptom severity, suicidal ideation, past suicide attempt and medication in adolescents with history of depression and past trauma suggests that increased right superior parietal lobe volume may be related to trauma exposure in adolescents with depression.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90088232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000302
Bonnie Palmer, G. Martin
This study investigated characteristics and variables associated with self-harm in patients in a psychiatric unit which accepted children aged 7-13 years. It sought specifically to determine the role of emotion regulation as a motivation for self-harm in children. The study involved hypothesis driven examination of case files from 80 in patients admitted between 2003-8 to the Child and Family Therapy Unit (CFTU) at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Inpatients were selected, independent of the researchers, based on scores for HoNOSCA Item 3: ‘Non-accidental self-injury’. Forty inpatients (‘self-harm group’) had been scored on admission by inpatient staff as 2 (mild problem but definitely present), 3 (moderately severe problem) and 4 (severe to very severe problem). Forty inpatients (the ‘No self-harm comparison group’) had been scored 0 (No problem) or 1 (Minor problem requiring no action). Most common methods were ‘cutting’ and ‘head-banging’. The self-harm group differed from the comparison group in terms of family-related factors such as living situation, and psychological functioning as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), total HoNOSCA scores, and a history of sexual abuse. Our hypothesis that children engage in self-harm to regulate their emotions was not supported. Explanations for the findings and implications for research, intervention and prevention are discussed.
{"title":"Self-Harm in Children under 14: A Comparison of Inpatients Who Self-Harm with Those Who Do Not","authors":"Bonnie Palmer, G. Martin","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000302","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated characteristics and variables associated with self-harm in patients in a psychiatric unit which accepted children aged 7-13 years. It sought specifically to determine the role of emotion regulation as a motivation for self-harm in children. The study involved hypothesis driven examination of case files from 80 in patients admitted between 2003-8 to the Child and Family Therapy Unit (CFTU) at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Inpatients were selected, independent of the researchers, based on scores for HoNOSCA Item 3: ‘Non-accidental self-injury’. Forty inpatients (‘self-harm group’) had been scored on admission by inpatient staff as 2 (mild problem but definitely present), 3 (moderately severe problem) and 4 (severe to very severe problem). Forty inpatients (the ‘No self-harm comparison group’) had been scored 0 (No problem) or 1 (Minor problem requiring no action). Most common methods were ‘cutting’ and ‘head-banging’. The self-harm group differed from the comparison group in terms of family-related factors such as living situation, and psychological functioning as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), total HoNOSCA scores, and a history of sexual abuse. Our hypothesis that children engage in self-harm to regulate their emotions was not supported. Explanations for the findings and implications for research, intervention and prevention are discussed.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72843457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-24DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000299
S. Ammerman, Chris Weiss
Purpose: To determine if a text messaging intervention (TMI) delivering adolescent-relevant health information is feasible and effective at engaging underserved adolescents in a mobile health clinic setting. Methods: Mobile clinic adolescent patients, along with clinic staff, helped develop the text messaging content and format. Patients subsequently received text messages presenting health information in a question-and-answer format for 14 weeks. Participants could reply to receive messages with correct answers and further information. Focus groups and interviews were conducted post-intervention to evaluate messaging functionality and participant engagement. Results: All participants received and replied to texts for the duration of the study, and they reported high levels of engagement with the program. Participant input was instrumental in developing the structure and content of the text messages. Conclusions: TMIs that deliver health-related information are feasible in the mobile health care setting with high levels of engagement by underserved adolescents. Implications and contribution: Underserved adolescents will actively engage in TMI-based interventions aimed at disseminating health-related information, and these interventions have significant potential to increase knowledge and promote health-related behavior change. Moreover, adolescents can (and should) play an integral role in the development of these interventions.
{"title":"Designing, Implementing and Assessing a Novel Text-MessagingIntervention for an Adolescent Mobile Health Clinic: A CollaborativeApproach","authors":"S. Ammerman, Chris Weiss","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000299","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine if a text messaging intervention (TMI) delivering adolescent-relevant health information is feasible and effective at engaging underserved adolescents in a mobile health clinic setting. Methods: Mobile clinic adolescent patients, along with clinic staff, helped develop the text messaging content and format. Patients subsequently received text messages presenting health information in a question-and-answer format for 14 weeks. Participants could reply to receive messages with correct answers and further information. Focus groups and interviews were conducted post-intervention to evaluate messaging functionality and participant engagement. Results: All participants received and replied to texts for the duration of the study, and they reported high levels of engagement with the program. Participant input was instrumental in developing the structure and content of the text messages. Conclusions: TMIs that deliver health-related information are feasible in the mobile health care setting with high levels of engagement by underserved adolescents. Implications and contribution: Underserved adolescents will actively engage in TMI-based interventions aimed at disseminating health-related information, and these interventions have significant potential to increase knowledge and promote health-related behavior change. Moreover, adolescents can (and should) play an integral role in the development of these interventions.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"322 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77387485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-17DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000298
H. Shaheen, T. Farahat, Hala Gaber
Background: The use of computer and internet is increasing day after day. It can lead to a state that appears to be as disorder with wide range of definitions and diagnosis as problematic, pathological internet using up to internet addiction. The purpose of this study: was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of Pathological internet use among Menoufia medical students and effect on their academic achievement. Method: Case control study nested in cross sectional study was conducted. The estimated sample was 369 students. Predesigned questionnaire used including socioeconomic status, validated twenty questions Young scale to assess the condition of internet using in the last six months, risk factor and the previous students' year result. Result: About 48.5% of students were included in pathological internet user. The main causes for internet using were chatting and games 43.1%. Risk factors were being males, from urban area, middle and high socioeconomic status, availability of internet at home, private laptop and private android mobile were. There was significant negative correlation between problematic internet use and academic achievement. The main predictor of pathological internet use in this study was availability of android mobile. Conclusion: The pathological/problematic internet use was prevalent among 48.5% of the studied students however the students with pathological internet use showed significant better academic grade than the other group. Implications and Contribution: There is wide use of internet for studying activities among medical school students. The use of internet for long period may cause variable degrees of dependence on the computer and internet use. So there is need to study the effect of their use on the academic achievement and weight the benefit to the hazards.
{"title":"Problematic Internet Use among Medical School Students in MenoufiaUniversity Egypt","authors":"H. Shaheen, T. Farahat, Hala Gaber","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of computer and internet is increasing day after day. It can lead to a state that appears to be as disorder with wide range of definitions and diagnosis as problematic, pathological internet using up to internet addiction. The purpose of this study: was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of Pathological internet use among Menoufia medical students and effect on their academic achievement. Method: Case control study nested in cross sectional study was conducted. The estimated sample was 369 students. Predesigned questionnaire used including socioeconomic status, validated twenty questions Young scale to assess the condition of internet using in the last six months, risk factor and the previous students' year result. Result: About 48.5% of students were included in pathological internet user. The main causes for internet using were chatting and games 43.1%. Risk factors were being males, from urban area, middle and high socioeconomic status, availability of internet at home, private laptop and private android mobile were. There was significant negative correlation between problematic internet use and academic achievement. The main predictor of pathological internet use in this study was availability of android mobile. Conclusion: The pathological/problematic internet use was prevalent among 48.5% of the studied students however the students with pathological internet use showed significant better academic grade than the other group. Implications and Contribution: There is wide use of internet for studying activities among medical school students. The use of internet for long period may cause variable degrees of dependence on the computer and internet use. So there is need to study the effect of their use on the academic achievement and weight the benefit to the hazards.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85101035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-03DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000297
Jacqueline Linder, P. Silverstone
It is well recognized that sexually abused children frequently experience long-term negative outcomes including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). To assist victims, a long-term, multimodal approach was developed at the “Be Brave Ranch” (BBR), a treatment facility specifically designed for this program. This paper reports on the initial long-term (1-year) findings from the first 40 children to attend BBR, aged 8-12 (mean age 10.0), of whom 27 were female and 13 were male. While the program remains in progress, here we report here on the results of those who have completed Baseline visits and Assessment #2 at the end of 4-weeks (n=40), those who have completed Assessment #3 at 13-weeks (n=34), those who have completed Assessment #4 at 26-weeks (n=21), and those who have completed Assessment #5, final visit, at 52-weeks (n=14). Of the 40 children who entered the BBR program, two have dropped out, one between Assessment #2 and Assessment #3 and the other between Assessment #3 and Assessment #4. The findings from data collected as part of the standard program demonstrate highly statistically significant reductions in Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (CPSS) scores, which decreased from a mean score at baseline of 20.8 ± 1.4 to a mean of 12.5 ± 2.3 at 52-weeks. There was also a marked reduction in the percentage of children whose scores were above threshold for the diagnosis of PTSD, decreasing from 73% at baseline to 29% at 52-weeks. It should be noted that while much of the reduction in mean CPSS scores occurred in the first 4-weeks, the percentage reduction in those who met criteria for PTSD continued over time. These initial longer-term findings support the utility of this program, but further research is required to determine the potential role of each of the elements of this multimodal program.
{"title":"Initial Long-Term Findings from a Multimodal Treatment Program forChild Sexual Abuse Victims Demonstrate Reduction of PTSD Frequencyand Symptoms","authors":"Jacqueline Linder, P. Silverstone","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000297","url":null,"abstract":"It is well recognized that sexually abused children frequently experience long-term negative outcomes including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). To assist victims, a long-term, multimodal approach was developed at the “Be Brave Ranch” (BBR), a treatment facility specifically designed for this program. This paper reports on the initial long-term (1-year) findings from the first 40 children to attend BBR, aged 8-12 (mean age 10.0), of whom 27 were female and 13 were male. While the program remains in progress, here we report here on the results of those who have completed Baseline visits and Assessment #2 at the end of 4-weeks (n=40), those who have completed Assessment #3 at 13-weeks (n=34), those who have completed Assessment #4 at 26-weeks (n=21), and those who have completed Assessment #5, final visit, at 52-weeks (n=14). Of the 40 children who entered the BBR program, two have dropped out, one between Assessment #2 and Assessment #3 and the other between Assessment #3 and Assessment #4. The findings from data collected as part of the standard program demonstrate highly statistically significant reductions in Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (CPSS) scores, which decreased from a mean score at baseline of 20.8 ± 1.4 to a mean of 12.5 ± 2.3 at 52-weeks. There was also a marked reduction in the percentage of children whose scores were above threshold for the diagnosis of PTSD, decreasing from 73% at baseline to 29% at 52-weeks. It should be noted that while much of the reduction in mean CPSS scores occurred in the first 4-weeks, the percentage reduction in those who met criteria for PTSD continued over time. These initial longer-term findings support the utility of this program, but further research is required to determine the potential role of each of the elements of this multimodal program.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88296542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-30DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000296
C. Byrd, Zoi Gkalitsiou, Megann McGill, Olivia Reed, E. Kelly
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether school-age observer perceptions of children who stutter varied based upon the presence or absence of a self-disclosure statement. The secondary purpose was to determine if school-age observer perceptions were susceptible to the same gender bias observed in adult males versus females who stutter. Method: Observers (N=130) were randomly assigned to view two of four possible videos (i.e., male selfdisclosure, male no self-disclosure, female self-disclosure, and female no self-disclosure). Immediately after viewing both videos, observers completed a survey assessing their perceptions of the speakers. Results: Observers were significantly more likely to select self-disclosure videos as more friendly and they reported being less distracted when they were viewing videos in which the speakers self-disclosed, when controlling for observer and speaker gender. Additionally, when controlling for self-disclosure and observer gender, observers were more likely to choose the female speaker as more friendly and intelligent compared to the male speaker and they were also more likely to select the male speaker as more unfriendly and unintelligent compared to the female speaker. Conclusion: Results from this study lend further support regarding the effectiveness of self-disclosure as a technique that children who stutter can employ in order to positively influence listener perceptions.
{"title":"The Influence of Self-Disclosure on School-Age Childrens Perceptionsof Children Who Stutter","authors":"C. Byrd, Zoi Gkalitsiou, Megann McGill, Olivia Reed, E. Kelly","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000296","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether school-age observer perceptions of children who stutter varied based upon the presence or absence of a self-disclosure statement. The secondary purpose was to determine if school-age observer perceptions were susceptible to the same gender bias observed in adult males versus females who stutter. Method: Observers (N=130) were randomly assigned to view two of four possible videos (i.e., male selfdisclosure, male no self-disclosure, female self-disclosure, and female no self-disclosure). Immediately after viewing both videos, observers completed a survey assessing their perceptions of the speakers. Results: Observers were significantly more likely to select self-disclosure videos as more friendly and they reported being less distracted when they were viewing videos in which the speakers self-disclosed, when controlling for observer and speaker gender. Additionally, when controlling for self-disclosure and observer gender, observers were more likely to choose the female speaker as more friendly and intelligent compared to the male speaker and they were also more likely to select the male speaker as more unfriendly and unintelligent compared to the female speaker. Conclusion: Results from this study lend further support regarding the effectiveness of self-disclosure as a technique that children who stutter can employ in order to positively influence listener perceptions.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2375-4494.1000296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72447141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-27DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000294
Y. Wang
Although previous studies on customer satisfaction and loyalty are quite extensive, few have focused on customer value in LINE mobile services (LMSs) and its effect on customers, and the belief transmission mechanism of customer value has been ignored or underestimated. This study used grounded theory to summarize the evidentiary bases and concepts for establishing a conceptual model for an underlying LMSs belief transmission mechanism on the basis of customer value. The results obtained offer three potential contributions: value-driven, situational dynamics, and beliefs transmission. The analysis demonstrated two plausible pathways in beliefs transmission: beliefs adaptation and augmentation, and beliefs adaptation manifested in satisfaction and social exchange. Beliefs augmentation manifested in word-of-mouth, interpersonal network, and demonstrative effects. The pathways associated with customer value modes were uncovered in this study. The findings concerning beliefs transmission mechanism expands literature on the origins of customer value.
{"title":"Customer Value of LINE Mobile Services: The Study of Adolescents inThree East Asian Cities","authors":"Y. Wang","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000294","url":null,"abstract":"Although previous studies on customer satisfaction and loyalty are quite extensive, few have focused on customer value in LINE mobile services (LMSs) and its effect on customers, and the belief transmission mechanism of customer value has been ignored or underestimated. This study used grounded theory to summarize the evidentiary bases and concepts for establishing a conceptual model for an underlying LMSs belief transmission mechanism on the basis of customer value. The results obtained offer three potential contributions: value-driven, situational dynamics, and beliefs transmission. The analysis demonstrated two plausible pathways in beliefs transmission: beliefs adaptation and augmentation, and beliefs adaptation manifested in satisfaction and social exchange. Beliefs augmentation manifested in word-of-mouth, interpersonal network, and demonstrative effects. The pathways associated with customer value modes were uncovered in this study. The findings concerning beliefs transmission mechanism expands literature on the origins of customer value.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73874598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000292
Tomoko Osera, Setsuko Tsutie, Misako Kobayashi, Tetsuya Sato, N. Kurihara
Background: Food-related preferences and practices are essential for nutrition and are formed in early childhood. In this study, we investigated the associations between the frequency of food dislikes of children at 3-5 years old and their attitudes toward healthy eating. Methods: In February 2012, a questionnaire was given to the mothers of 928 children who attended eight kindergartens or nursery facilities in Japan. In the questionnaire, the mothers were asked about their children's food behaviors and attitudes including whether they have disliked food. The mothers also answered the foods that the children disliked, which were chosen from a list of 55 foods. We analyzed the data with the structural equation model to examine the mutual relationships of the questionnaire items. Then, we investigated the association of the frequency of the children's food dislikes with their levels of "respect for food" and "concern about food" on the basis of the results of the structured equation model analysis. Results: The structural equation model showed that "respect for food", "concern about food" and their preferences were classified into the same category. In the model, "respect for food" and "concern about food" and their preferences affected morning habits, sleeping habits, meal preparation, and communication with their family (GFI=0.97; AGFI=0.95; CFI=0.93; RMSEA=0.05). The number of foods disliked by the children significantly decreased according to increasing levels of "respect for food" (p<0.001) and "concern about food" (p<0.001). The ratio of each of the top 10 foods which children disliked decreased significantly as the level of "respect for food" and "concern about food" increased respectively. Conclusion: The present data suggested that the children's "respect for food" and "concern about food" were associated with a decrease in children's food dislikes.
{"title":"Associations between Children s Food Preferences and Food Habitstowards Healthy Eating in Japanese Children","authors":"Tomoko Osera, Setsuko Tsutie, Misako Kobayashi, Tetsuya Sato, N. Kurihara","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000292","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Food-related preferences and practices are essential for nutrition and are formed in early childhood. In this study, we investigated the associations between the frequency of food dislikes of children at 3-5 years old and their attitudes toward healthy eating. Methods: In February 2012, a questionnaire was given to the mothers of 928 children who attended eight kindergartens or nursery facilities in Japan. In the questionnaire, the mothers were asked about their children's food behaviors and attitudes including whether they have disliked food. The mothers also answered the foods that the children disliked, which were chosen from a list of 55 foods. We analyzed the data with the structural equation model to examine the mutual relationships of the questionnaire items. Then, we investigated the association of the frequency of the children's food dislikes with their levels of \"respect for food\" and \"concern about food\" on the basis of the results of the structured equation model analysis. Results: The structural equation model showed that \"respect for food\", \"concern about food\" and their preferences were classified into the same category. In the model, \"respect for food\" and \"concern about food\" and their preferences affected morning habits, sleeping habits, meal preparation, and communication with their family (GFI=0.97; AGFI=0.95; CFI=0.93; RMSEA=0.05). The number of foods disliked by the children significantly decreased according to increasing levels of \"respect for food\" (p<0.001) and \"concern about food\" (p<0.001). The ratio of each of the top 10 foods which children disliked decreased significantly as the level of \"respect for food\" and \"concern about food\" increased respectively. Conclusion: The present data suggested that the children's \"respect for food\" and \"concern about food\" were associated with a decrease in children's food dislikes.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88509020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000295
A. Ahuja, M. Sharma, Amarjeet Singh
Objective: A study was conducted to ascertain the impact of dysmenorrhea on quality life of adolescent girls of Chandigarh. Methods: Multistage stratified sampling was done and 5 sectors, 5 villages, 5 slums were selected by lottery method. Then from each area 20 respondents were selected by simple random sampling. A Self-designed interview schedule was used to collect data from 300 Adolescent girls (11-18 years) of Chandigarh during January-May 2012. Demographic & family profile, Menstrual history, symptoms of dysmenorrhea, effect of pain on daily activities, Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to document severity of pain. Results: Majority of girls 184 (61.33%) reported dysmenorrhea. Some of the girls 50 (27%) told that it interfered with their tolerance to stand for long periods whereas one fourth 45 (24.45%) girls said that dysmenorrhea interfered with going to school/office. VAS scale showed that 271 (90.34%) of the girls felt unhappy during menstruation. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea profoundly affected the Quality of life of adolescent girls.
{"title":"Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Quality of Life of Adolescent Girls ofChandigarh","authors":"A. Ahuja, M. Sharma, Amarjeet Singh","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000295","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A study was conducted to ascertain the impact of dysmenorrhea on quality life of adolescent girls of Chandigarh. Methods: Multistage stratified sampling was done and 5 sectors, 5 villages, 5 slums were selected by lottery method. Then from each area 20 respondents were selected by simple random sampling. A Self-designed interview schedule was used to collect data from 300 Adolescent girls (11-18 years) of Chandigarh during January-May 2012. Demographic & family profile, Menstrual history, symptoms of dysmenorrhea, effect of pain on daily activities, Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to document severity of pain. Results: Majority of girls 184 (61.33%) reported dysmenorrhea. Some of the girls 50 (27%) told that it interfered with their tolerance to stand for long periods whereas one fourth 45 (24.45%) girls said that dysmenorrhea interfered with going to school/office. VAS scale showed that 271 (90.34%) of the girls felt unhappy during menstruation. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea profoundly affected the Quality of life of adolescent girls.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87636454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000293
R. Franke
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an empirically supported therapy used to treat young children with behavior problems. The literature on parentally bereaved children indicates that they are at an increased risk for behavior problems and psychopathology. There is minimal literature to describe the efficacy of current intervention programs in reducing this risk for children under the age of 6 years. PCIT is designed to improve the quality of the parent child relationship and increase the parents’ use of effective discipline; two factors which are strongly correlated with decreased risk for psychopathology. This article presents a case study describing the use of PCIT with a parentally bereaved preschool child experiencing behavioral problems and symptoms of depression. At the end of treatment the child’s behavior had significantly improved and symptoms of depression were no longer observed. These findings suggest that PCIT may be an effective therapy for reducing the risk of behavior problems and psychopathology in young children.
{"title":"Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Case Study of Application to aParentally Bereaved Child","authors":"R. Franke","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000293","url":null,"abstract":"Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an empirically supported therapy used to treat young children with behavior problems. The literature on parentally bereaved children indicates that they are at an increased risk for behavior problems and psychopathology. There is minimal literature to describe the efficacy of current intervention programs in reducing this risk for children under the age of 6 years. PCIT is designed to improve the quality of the parent child relationship and increase the parents’ use of effective discipline; two factors which are strongly correlated with decreased risk for psychopathology. This article presents a case study describing the use of PCIT with a parentally bereaved preschool child experiencing behavioral problems and symptoms of depression. At the end of treatment the child’s behavior had significantly improved and symptoms of depression were no longer observed. These findings suggest that PCIT may be an effective therapy for reducing the risk of behavior problems and psychopathology in young children.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85000910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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