Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15575521
C. Comperatore, P. K. Ng, A. Carvalhais
In this chapter, we explore the need to develop specific guidance, tailored to consumers of fatigue risk management systems, outlining how to verify that program elements effectively control the incidence of operator fatigue. We advance the notion that without independent proof of efficacy, consumers are left to assume that program implementation and sustainment costs actually yield the desired results. Lacking this information perpetuates losses associated with fatigue-related performance degradation, health issues, and mishaps. Inspection and verification protocols require objective evidence, beyond surveys, to demonstrate that fatigue management program elements control the incidence of operator fatigue in the workplace. Scientific and technological advances facilitate the evaluation of fatigue management programs and the use of objective techniques to test circadian rhythm stability and alertness. However, consumers are yet to incorporate these test protocols and technological advances in their safety management system assurance infrastructure. The prevailing assumption has been that scientific tests and methodologies are beyond the reach of the consumer and fall in the purview of scientists and fatigue management professionals. We propose the use of the design basis plan in safety management systems as the assurance infrastructure to associate program inspection elements, fatigue leading indicators, and specific standards with compulsory review and approval activities. These assurance activities not only provide objective means to identify fatigue management program elements that fail to control the incidence of operator fatigue but also enable consumers to proactively implement necessary modifications. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
{"title":"Design Standards Considerations and the Effective Prevention of Operator Fatigue","authors":"C. Comperatore, P. K. Ng, A. Carvalhais","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15575521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X15575521","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we explore the need to develop specific guidance, tailored to consumers of fatigue risk management systems, outlining how to verify that program elements effectively control the incidence of operator fatigue. We advance the notion that without independent proof of efficacy, consumers are left to assume that program implementation and sustainment costs actually yield the desired results. Lacking this information perpetuates losses associated with fatigue-related performance degradation, health issues, and mishaps. Inspection and verification protocols require objective evidence, beyond surveys, to demonstrate that fatigue management program elements control the incidence of operator fatigue in the workplace. Scientific and technological advances facilitate the evaluation of fatigue management programs and the use of objective techniques to test circadian rhythm stability and alertness. However, consumers are yet to incorporate these test protocols and technological advances in their safety management system assurance infrastructure. The prevailing assumption has been that scientific tests and methodologies are beyond the reach of the consumer and fall in the purview of scientists and fatigue management professionals. We propose the use of the design basis plan in safety management systems as the assurance infrastructure to associate program inspection elements, fatigue leading indicators, and specific standards with compulsory review and approval activities. These assurance activities not only provide objective means to identify fatigue management program elements that fail to control the incidence of operator fatigue but also enable consumers to proactively implement necessary modifications. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15575521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65553128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15573949
Jeanne F Duffy, Kirsi-Marja Zitting, Charles A Czeisler
Sleep deficiency, which can be caused by acute sleep deprivation, chronic insufficient sleep, untreated sleep disorders, disruption of circadian timing, and other factors, is endemic in the U.S., including among professional and non-professional drivers and operators. Vigilance and attention are critical for safe transportation operations, but fatigue and sleepiness compromise vigilance and attention by slowing reaction times and impairing judgment and decision-making abilities. Research studies, polls, and accident investigations indicate that many Americans drive a motor vehicle or operate an aircraft, train or marine vessel while drowsy, putting themselves and others at risk for error and accident. In this chapter, we will outline some of the factors that contribute to sleepiness, present evidence from laboratory and field studies demonstrating how sleepiness impacts transportation safety, review how sleepiness is measured in laboratory and field settings, describe what is known about interventions for sleepiness in transportation settings, and summarize what we believe are important gaps in our knowledge of sleepiness and transportation safety.
{"title":"The Case for Addressing Operator Fatigue.","authors":"Jeanne F Duffy, Kirsi-Marja Zitting, Charles A Czeisler","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15573949","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1557234X15573949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep deficiency, which can be caused by acute sleep deprivation, chronic insufficient sleep, untreated sleep disorders, disruption of circadian timing, and other factors, is endemic in the U.S., including among professional and non-professional drivers and operators. Vigilance and attention are critical for safe transportation operations, but fatigue and sleepiness compromise vigilance and attention by slowing reaction times and impairing judgment and decision-making abilities. Research studies, polls, and accident investigations indicate that many Americans drive a motor vehicle or operate an aircraft, train or marine vessel while drowsy, putting themselves and others at risk for error and accident. In this chapter, we will outline some of the factors that contribute to sleepiness, present evidence from laboratory and field studies demonstrating how sleepiness impacts transportation safety, review how sleepiness is measured in laboratory and field settings, describe what is known about interventions for sleepiness in transportation settings, and summarize what we believe are important gaps in our knowledge of sleepiness and transportation safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15573949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33247327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15573948
M. Rosekind
{"title":"Foreword and Introduction","authors":"M. Rosekind","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15573948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X15573948","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15573948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65553517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15576510
P. Gander
Fatigue is a physiological state of reduced performance capability resulting from sleep loss or extended wakefulness, circadian phase, or workload (mental and/or physical activity) that can impair a transport worker's alertness and ability to work safely. Fatigue is affected by all waking activities, not only those that are work related. Consequently, fatigue management must be a shared responsibility of regulators, employers, and employees. Prescriptive hours-of-service limits, the traditional regulatory approach for managing fatigue, are increasingly being challenged with regard to their effectiveness in delivering safety and their cost to industry. Fatigue risk management systems (FRMSs) are a new regulatory approach that combines advances in the understanding of worker fatigue and accident causation with advances in safety management. FRMSs are data driven, are based on combined scientific and operational expertise, and include processes for monitoring their safety performance and for continuous improvement. Prescriptive hours-of-work limits are familiar and are arguably adequate in circumstances where fatigue-related safety risk is low. On the other hand, economic pressures are expected to continue to push transport companies to maximize use of vehicles/locomotives/vessels/aircraft with minimum safe manning levels. These pressures will drive the need for more tailored and flexible approaches to fatigue management, such as FRMSs. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
{"title":"Evolving Regulatory Approaches for Managing Fatigue Risk in Transport Operations","authors":"P. Gander","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15576510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X15576510","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue is a physiological state of reduced performance capability resulting from sleep loss or extended wakefulness, circadian phase, or workload (mental and/or physical activity) that can impair a transport worker's alertness and ability to work safely. Fatigue is affected by all waking activities, not only those that are work related. Consequently, fatigue management must be a shared responsibility of regulators, employers, and employees. Prescriptive hours-of-service limits, the traditional regulatory approach for managing fatigue, are increasingly being challenged with regard to their effectiveness in delivering safety and their cost to industry. Fatigue risk management systems (FRMSs) are a new regulatory approach that combines advances in the understanding of worker fatigue and accident causation with advances in safety management. FRMSs are data driven, are based on combined scientific and operational expertise, and include processes for monitoring their safety performance and for continuous improvement. Prescriptive hours-of-work limits are familiar and are arguably adequate in circumstances where fatigue-related safety risk is low. On the other hand, economic pressures are expected to continue to push transport companies to maximize use of vehicles/locomotives/vessels/aircraft with minimum safe manning levels. These pressures will drive the need for more tailored and flexible approaches to fatigue management, such as FRMSs. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15576510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65553196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15573950
Jana M. Price, B. Coury
The detrimental effects of fatigue on the safe operation of vehicles or the execution of critical tasks in transportation systems (e.g., monitoring pipeline systems or maintaining vehicles) have been well established. However, estimates of the percentage of transportation accidents attributed to fatigue has varied greatly, and much of that variability can be attributed to the methods used to investigate and document accident causes or risk factors. In addition, using research findings in accident investigation can be very difficult, and establishing that fatigue played a role in an accident illustrates very well the challenges of relating research to practice. In this chapter we will discuss how fatigue research has informed accident investigation and how findings from accidents and incidents can guide future research and policy decisions. The chapter will (a) establish the seriousness of the fatigue problem in transportation accidents and incidents; (b) provide insights into the difficulties associated in determining whether fatigue is a contributing or causal factor in an event; (c) describe, in detail, a methodology that can be used to identify fatigue factors in accident investigation; and (d) illustrate how accident investigations where fatigue is well documented can inform the research community and lead to design and policy changes that will mitigate fatigue and help improve transportation safety. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
{"title":"A Method for Applying Fatigue Science to Accident Investigation","authors":"Jana M. Price, B. Coury","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15573950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X15573950","url":null,"abstract":"The detrimental effects of fatigue on the safe operation of vehicles or the execution of critical tasks in transportation systems (e.g., monitoring pipeline systems or maintaining vehicles) have been well established. However, estimates of the percentage of transportation accidents attributed to fatigue has varied greatly, and much of that variability can be attributed to the methods used to investigate and document accident causes or risk factors. In addition, using research findings in accident investigation can be very difficult, and establishing that fatigue played a role in an accident illustrates very well the challenges of relating research to practice. In this chapter we will discuss how fatigue research has informed accident investigation and how findings from accidents and incidents can guide future research and policy decisions. The chapter will (a) establish the seriousness of the fatigue problem in transportation accidents and incidents; (b) provide insights into the difficulties associated in determining whether fatigue is a contributing or causal factor in an event; (c) describe, in detail, a methodology that can be used to identify fatigue factors in accident investigation; and (d) illustrate how accident investigations where fatigue is well documented can inform the research community and lead to design and policy changes that will mitigate fatigue and help improve transportation safety. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15573950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65553530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15575522
A. Lehrer
Transportation operator fatigue is a pervasive cross-modal risk, still largely unmitigated, costly, and underreported. Effectively predicting fatigue risk can help stem this trend and improve transportation safety, performance, and well-being. Not surprisingly, there is growing interest in applying fatigue models to support and evaluate safety-critical initiatives, such as scheduling, accident investigation, and hours-of-service rule making and compliance. Yet there is limited empirical data about whether current fatigue models are used as intended, how effectively they predict fatigue, and how they might be improved. Though current models typically focus on two or three biological processes that impact fatigue, the literature presents many internal and external variables that influence fatigue, and current models largely neglect this more comprehensive suite of contributing factors needed to assess individual employee risk across variable work environments. The U.S. Department of Transportation Safety Council has recognized the need to assess the strengths and weaknesses of existing biomathematical fatigue models and to explore how to maximize efficacy, reliability, and validity. In this chapter, we review a sample of current fatigue models, identify performance gaps, and describe an overarching framework to guide next-generation fatigue model development. The proposed eight-state model offers a novel systems-based approach to integrate contributing internal and external fatigue factors and better measure, predict, and manage fatigue risk across transportation and other safety-critical operations. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
{"title":"A systems-based framework to measure, predict, and manage fatigue","authors":"A. Lehrer","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15575522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X15575522","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation operator fatigue is a pervasive cross-modal risk, still largely unmitigated, costly, and underreported. Effectively predicting fatigue risk can help stem this trend and improve transportation safety, performance, and well-being. Not surprisingly, there is growing interest in applying fatigue models to support and evaluate safety-critical initiatives, such as scheduling, accident investigation, and hours-of-service rule making and compliance. Yet there is limited empirical data about whether current fatigue models are used as intended, how effectively they predict fatigue, and how they might be improved. Though current models typically focus on two or three biological processes that impact fatigue, the literature presents many internal and external variables that influence fatigue, and current models largely neglect this more comprehensive suite of contributing factors needed to assess individual employee risk across variable work environments. The U.S. Department of Transportation Safety Council has recognized the need to assess the strengths and weaknesses of existing biomathematical fatigue models and to explore how to maximize efficacy, reliability, and validity. In this chapter, we review a sample of current fatigue models, identify performance gaps, and describe an overarching framework to guide next-generation fatigue model development. The proposed eight-state model offers a novel systems-based approach to integrate contributing internal and external fatigue factors and better measure, predict, and manage fatigue risk across transportation and other safety-critical operations. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15575522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65553141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15574827
N. Wesensten, T. Balkin, G. Belenky
Sleep debt and time of day/night (circadian rhythm) exert substantial effects on commercial motor vehicle (CMV) operator (e.g. truck and bus/motor coach, railroad engineer, aviation pilot) performance—and, therefore, safety. In this chapter, the influence of sleep debt and circadian effects on operator performance are described. Efficacy of various countermeasures is reviewed, and the influence of individual operator traits (genetic factors) is briefly discussed. It is concluded that sleep (napping) remains the best strategy for restoring and maintaining CMV operator neurobehavioral performance. Results from ongoing research will lead to occupation-specific and individualized strategies for managing sleepiness and fatigue in operational environments.
{"title":"Countermeasures for Mitigating Fatigue in Motor Vehicle Operators","authors":"N. Wesensten, T. Balkin, G. Belenky","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15574827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X15574827","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep debt and time of day/night (circadian rhythm) exert substantial effects on commercial motor vehicle (CMV) operator (e.g. truck and bus/motor coach, railroad engineer, aviation pilot) performance—and, therefore, safety. In this chapter, the influence of sleep debt and circadian effects on operator performance are described. Efficacy of various countermeasures is reviewed, and the influence of individual operator traits (genetic factors) is briefly discussed. It is concluded that sleep (napping) remains the best strategy for restoring and maintaining CMV operator neurobehavioral performance. Results from ongoing research will lead to occupation-specific and individualized strategies for managing sleepiness and fatigue in operational environments.","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15574827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65553542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15576511
M. Coplen, J. Snow
A golden age of research in the fields of sleep, circadian rhythms, and shift work has arrived. Each of these seemingly independent scientific disciplines has rendered tremendous progress over the past few decades that converge into a core body of research with direct applications for mitigating transportation fatigue and fatigue-related accidents. A common understanding now exists regarding key factors associated with transportation fatigue and related accidents across transportation domains. A variety of validated countermeasures and practical tools known to mitigate fatigue and accident risk have been developed. Despite this common knowledge of fatigue risk factors and known effective countermeasures among the research community, numerous challenges remain in bridging the gap between transportation fatigue research and effective real-world practice. Tracing the history of evaluation in response to the federal mandate for evaluation, including its roles, theories and methods, and evidence from the 2009 International Conference on Fatigue Management in Transportation, we propose the transdiscipline of evaluation as a mechanism for bridging this gap. Each chapter in this volume of Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics was reviewed using an evaluative framework that focused on five broad evaluative question areas: (a) authors' main points, arguments, and conclusions with respect to context, program design, implementation, and impact; (b) authors' key recommendations; (c) gaps and deficiencies, if any, in authors' recommendations; (d) the most promising approaches for practical use; and (e) evaluation considerations for facilitating research use and practical applications. These evaluative question areas then were synthesized across chapters for common themes, gaps and deficiencies, and most promising approaches. The extent to which chapters respond to the federal evaluation mandate with respect to context, program design, implementation, and impact is discussed. In conclusion, drawing from the vast knowledge and experience in the evaluation field, a case is made for using five key evaluation principles to help bridge the gap between transportation fatigue research and effective practice, including core evaluation questions, stakeholder engagement, utilization-focused data and information gathering, valid and relevant findings, and targeted reporting. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
{"title":"From Transportation Fatigue Research to Effective Practice: The Case for Evaluation","authors":"M. Coplen, J. Snow","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15576511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X15576511","url":null,"abstract":"A golden age of research in the fields of sleep, circadian rhythms, and shift work has arrived. Each of these seemingly independent scientific disciplines has rendered tremendous progress over the past few decades that converge into a core body of research with direct applications for mitigating transportation fatigue and fatigue-related accidents. A common understanding now exists regarding key factors associated with transportation fatigue and related accidents across transportation domains. A variety of validated countermeasures and practical tools known to mitigate fatigue and accident risk have been developed. Despite this common knowledge of fatigue risk factors and known effective countermeasures among the research community, numerous challenges remain in bridging the gap between transportation fatigue research and effective real-world practice. Tracing the history of evaluation in response to the federal mandate for evaluation, including its roles, theories and methods, and evidence from the 2009 International Conference on Fatigue Management in Transportation, we propose the transdiscipline of evaluation as a mechanism for bridging this gap. Each chapter in this volume of Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics was reviewed using an evaluative framework that focused on five broad evaluative question areas: (a) authors' main points, arguments, and conclusions with respect to context, program design, implementation, and impact; (b) authors' key recommendations; (c) gaps and deficiencies, if any, in authors' recommendations; (d) the most promising approaches for practical use; and (e) evaluation considerations for facilitating research use and practical applications. These evaluative question areas then were synthesized across chapters for common themes, gaps and deficiencies, and most promising approaches. The extent to which chapters respond to the federal evaluation mandate with respect to context, program design, implementation, and impact is discussed. In conclusion, drawing from the vast knowledge and experience in the evaluation field, a case is made for using five key evaluation principles to help bridge the gap between transportation fatigue research and effective practice, including core evaluation questions, stakeholder engagement, utilization-focused data and information gathering, valid and relevant findings, and targeted reporting. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15576511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65553207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15573947
A. Fletcher, Brionny Hooper, Ian C. Dunican, K. Kogi
The experience of fatigue is common to all human beings, since fatigue is a naturally occurring state of being. In occupational settings, fatigue can pose a threat to people, equipment, the environment, and corporate reputations. Although significant progress has been made in terms of understanding the causes of, and solutions for, worker fatigue, a great deal of complexity remains. This complexity is partly related to the fact that individuals are different in many ways (e.g., in terms of their genetically determined sleep need) and because of the general biological, psychological, and social components of personal fatigue. This chapter focuses on key fatigue-related principles, terminology, example frameworks, and key issues now and in the foreseeable future. The challenges for industry relate to both opportunities and potential threats, such as automation, fatigue-monitoring technologies, staffing levels, cultural differences within the workforce, and the remote locations of many operations. With evidence-based program development and evaluation, enhanced fatigue management can deliver improvements in safety, compliance, operational flexibility, worker satisfaction, and other relevant metrics. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
{"title":"Fatigue management in safety-critical operations: history, terminology, management system frameworks, and industry challenges","authors":"A. Fletcher, Brionny Hooper, Ian C. Dunican, K. Kogi","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15573947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X15573947","url":null,"abstract":"The experience of fatigue is common to all human beings, since fatigue is a naturally occurring state of being. In occupational settings, fatigue can pose a threat to people, equipment, the environment, and corporate reputations. Although significant progress has been made in terms of understanding the causes of, and solutions for, worker fatigue, a great deal of complexity remains. This complexity is partly related to the fact that individuals are different in many ways (e.g., in terms of their genetically determined sleep need) and because of the general biological, psychological, and social components of personal fatigue. This chapter focuses on key fatigue-related principles, terminology, example frameworks, and key issues now and in the foreseeable future. The challenges for industry relate to both opportunities and potential threats, such as automation, fatigue-monitoring technologies, staffing levels, cultural differences within the workforce, and the remote locations of many operations. With evidence-based program development and evaluation, enhanced fatigue management can deliver improvements in safety, compliance, operational flexibility, worker satisfaction, and other relevant metrics. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15573947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65553478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-28DOI: 10.1177/1557234X15574828
M. Sallinen, C. Hublin
Knowledge of the factors that make the operator become fatigued is a founding pillar of fatigue risk management. In this chapter, we introduce a model of the fatigue-inducing factors especially in the context of road transportation. In addition to the person, organization, and industry- and society-related factors that may exacerbate fatigue, we include in the model some pivotal factors that modify the effects and consequences of operator fatigue. Examples of these modifying factors are individual resilience to sleep restriction and organizational resilience to performance errors made by fatigued operators. The main outcome of the analysis of the fatigue-exacerbating factors is that many of them are amenable to change, such as operators' health status and health-related lifestyle, shift and route scheduling, organizational resilience to operator fatigue, and organizational safety culture. In the key role is organizational safety culture, as it largely determines whether the company's management and staff try to keep on-the-job-fatigue hidden or take mitigating actions. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
{"title":"Fatigue-Inducing Factors in Transportation Operators","authors":"M. Sallinen, C. Hublin","doi":"10.1177/1557234X15574828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X15574828","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the factors that make the operator become fatigued is a founding pillar of fatigue risk management. In this chapter, we introduce a model of the fatigue-inducing factors especially in the context of road transportation. In addition to the person, organization, and industry- and society-related factors that may exacerbate fatigue, we include in the model some pivotal factors that modify the effects and consequences of operator fatigue. Examples of these modifying factors are individual resilience to sleep restriction and organizational resilience to performance errors made by fatigued operators. The main outcome of the analysis of the fatigue-exacerbating factors is that many of them are amenable to change, such as operators' health status and health-related lifestyle, shift and route scheduling, organizational resilience to operator fatigue, and organizational safety culture. In the key role is organizational safety culture, as it largely determines whether the company's management and staff try to keep on-the-job-fatigue hidden or take mitigating actions. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en","PeriodicalId":90321,"journal":{"name":"Review of human factors and ergonomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1557234X15574828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65553091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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