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Microvascular disease not type 2 diabetes is associated with increased cortical porosity: A study of cortical bone microstructure and intracortical vessel characteristics 微血管疾病与 2 型糖尿病皮质孔隙率增加有关:皮质骨微观结构和皮质内血管特征研究
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101745
Maximilian T. Löffler , Po-hung Wu , Amir M. Pirmoazen , Gabby B. Joseph , Jay M. Stewart , Isra Saeed , Jing Liu , Anne L. Schafer , Ann V. Schwartz , Thomas M. Link , Galateia J. Kazakia

Introduction

Fracture risk is elevated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) despite normal or even high bone mineral density (BMD). Microvascular disease (MVD) is a diabetic complication, but also associated with other diseases, for example chronic kidney disease. We hypothesize that increased fracture risk in T2D could be due to increased cortical porosity (Ct.Po) driven by expansion of the vascular network in MVD. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations of T2D and MVD with cortical microstructure and intracortical vessel parameters.

Methods

The study group consisted of 75 participants (38 with T2D and 37 without T2D). High-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) of the ultra-distal tibia were performed to assess cortical bone and intracortical vessels (outcomes). MVD was defined as ≥1 manifestation including neuropathy, nephropathy, or retinopathy based on clinical exams in all participants. Adjusted means of outcomes were compared between groups with/without T2D or between participants with/without MVD in both groups using linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and T2D as applicable.

Results

MVD was found in 21 (55 %) participants with T2D and in 9 (24 %) participants without T2D. In T2D, cortical pore diameter (Ct.Po.Dm) and diameter distribution (Ct.Po.Dm.SD) were significantly higher by 14.6 μm (3.6 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.70, 26.5 μm, p = 0.017) and by 8.73 μm (4.8 %, CI: 0.79, 16.7 μm, p = 0.032), respectively. In MVD, but not in T2D, cortical porosity was significantly higher by 2.25 % (relative increase = 12.9 %, CI: 0.53, 3.97 %, p = 0.011) and cortical BMD (Ct.BMD) was significantly lower by −43.6 mg/cm3 (2.6 %, CI: −77.4, −9.81 mg/cm3, p = 0.012). In T2D, vessel volume and vessel diameter were significantly higher by 0.02 mm3 (13.3 %, CI: 0.004, 0.04 mm3, p = 0.017) and 15.4 μm (2.9 %, CI: 0.42, 30.4 μm, p = 0.044), respectively. In MVD, vessel density was significantly higher by 0.11 mm−3 (17.8 %, CI: 0.01, 0.21 mm−3, p = 0.033) and vessel volume and diameter were significantly lower by −0.02 mm3 (13.7 %, CI: −0.04, −0.004 mm3, p = 0.015) and − 14.6 μm (2.8 %, CI: −29.1, −0.11 μm, p = 0.048), respectively.

Conclusions

The presence of MVD, rather than T2D, was associated with increased cortical porosity. Increased porosity in MVD was coupled with a larger number of smaller vessels, which could indicate upregulation of neovascularization triggered by ischemia. It is unclear why higher variability and average diameters of pores in T2D were accompanied by larger vessels.

导言2型糖尿病(T2D)患者尽管骨质密度(BMD)正常甚至很高,但骨折风险却很高。微血管疾病(MVD)是一种糖尿病并发症,但也与其他疾病有关,例如慢性肾病。我们假设,T2D 患者骨折风险增加的原因可能是 MVD 中血管网络扩张导致皮质孔隙率(Ct.Po)增加。本研究的目的是调查 T2D 和 MVD 与皮质微结构和皮质内血管参数的关系。对胫骨超远端进行了高分辨率外周定量 CT(HR-pQCT)和动态对比增强 MRI(DCE-MRI)检查,以评估骨皮质和皮质内血管(结果)。根据所有参与者的临床检查结果,MVD 的定义为≥1 种表现,包括神经病变、肾病变或视网膜病变。使用线性回归模型比较有/无 T2D 组之间或有/无 MVD 两组参与者之间的调整后结果平均值,并酌情调整年龄、性别、体重指数和 T2D。在 T2D 患者中,皮质孔直径(Ct.Po.Dm)和直径分布(Ct.Po.Dm.SD)分别显著增加了 14.6 μm(3.6%,95% 置信区间 [CI]:2.70, 26.5 μm,p = 0.017)和 8.73 μm(4.8%,CI:0.79, 16.7 μm,p = 0.032)。在 MVD 中,皮质孔隙率显著增加 2.25 %(相对增加 = 12.9 %,CI:0.53,3.97 %,p = 0.011),皮质 BMD(Ct.BMD)显著降低 -43.6 mg/cm3(2.6 %,CI:-77.4,-9.81 mg/cm3,p = 0.012),而在 T2D 中则没有。在 T2D 患者中,血管体积和血管直径分别明显增加了 0.02 mm3(13.3%,CI:0.004,0.04 mm3,p = 0.017)和 15.4 μm(2.9%,CI:0.42,30.4 μm,p = 0.044)。在 MVD 中,血管密度显著增加了 0.11 mm-3 (17.8%,CI:0.01,0.21 mm-3,p = 0.033),血管体积和直径显著减少了 -0.02 mm3 (13.7%,CI:-0.结论 MVD(而非 T2D)的存在与皮质孔隙率增加有关。MVD患者的孔隙率增加与更多的小血管有关,这可能表明缺血引发的新生血管上调。目前还不清楚为什么在 T2D 中孔隙的变异性和平均直径较高的同时血管也较大。
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引用次数: 0
In vivo imaging of bone collagen dynamics in zebrafish 斑马鱼骨胶原动态的活体成像
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101748
Hiromu Hino, Shigeru Kondo, Junpei Kuroda

Type I collagen plays a pivotal role in shaping bone morphology and determining its physical properties by serving as a template for ossification. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying bone collagen formation, particularly the principles governing its orientation, remain unknown owing to the lack of a method that enables continuous in vivo observations. To address this challenge, we constructed a method to visualize bone collagen by tagging with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in zebrafish and observed the interactions between osteoblasts and collagen fibers during bone formation in vivo. When collagen type I alpha 2 chain (Col1a2)-GFP was expressed under the control of the osteoblast-specific promoters osx or osc in zebrafish, bone collagen was observed clearly enough to identify its localization, whereas collagen from other organs was not. Therefore, we determined that this method was of sufficient quality for the detailed in vivo observation of bone collagen. Next, bone collagen in the scales, fin rays, and opercular bones of zebrafish was observed in detail, when bone formation is more active. High-magnification imaging showed that Col1a2-GFP can visualize collagen sufficiently to analyze the collagen fiber orientation and microstructure of bones.

Furthermore, by simultaneously observation of bone collagen and osteoblasts, we successfully observed dynamic changes in the morphology and position of osteoblasts from the early stages of bone formation. It was also found that the localization pattern and orientation of bone collagen significantly differed depending on the choice of the expression promoter. Both promoters (osx and osc) used in this study are osteoblast-specific, but their Col1a2-GFP localizing regions within the bone were exclusive, with osx region localizing mainly to the outer edge of the bone and osc region localizing to the central area of the bone. This suggests the existence of distinct osteoblast subpopulations with different gene expression profiles, each of which may play a unique role in osteogenesis.

These findings would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms governing bone collagen formation by osteoblasts.

I 型胶原蛋白作为骨化的模板,在塑造骨骼形态和决定其物理特性方面发挥着关键作用。然而,由于缺乏可在体内进行连续观察的方法,骨胶原蛋白的形成机制,尤其是其定向原理仍不为人知。为了应对这一挑战,我们在斑马鱼体内构建了一种通过标记绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)来观察骨胶原蛋白的方法,并观察了骨形成过程中成骨细胞与胶原纤维之间的相互作用。在成骨细胞特异性启动子osx或osc的控制下,在斑马鱼体内表达Ⅰ型α2链胶原蛋白(Col1a2)-GFP时,可以清晰地观察到骨胶原蛋白,从而确定其定位,而其他器官的胶原蛋白则不能。因此,我们认为这种方法足以在体内详细观察骨胶原。接下来,我们详细观察了斑马鱼鳞片、鳍条和厣骨中的骨胶原,此时骨形成更为活跃。此外,通过同时观察骨胶原和成骨细胞,我们成功地从骨形成的早期阶段观察到了成骨细胞形态和位置的动态变化。我们还发现,骨胶原蛋白的定位模式和取向因表达启动子的选择而显著不同。本研究中使用的两种启动子(osx 和 osc)都具有成骨细胞特异性,但它们的 Col1a2-GFP 在骨中的定位区域却具有排他性,osx 区域主要定位在骨的外缘,而 osc 区域则定位在骨的中央区域。这些发现有助于更好地理解成骨细胞形成骨胶原的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Disruption of FLNB leads to skeletal malformation by interfering with skeletal segmentation through the HOX gene FLNB 基因的中断会通过 HOX 基因干扰骨骼的分割,从而导致骨骼畸形
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101746
Qiming Xu , Lijia Cui , Yude Lin , Leigh-Anne Cui , Weibo Xia

Filamin B (FLNB) plays an important role in skeletal development. Mutations in FLNB can lead to skeletal malformation such as an abnormal number of ossification centers, indicating that the skeletal segmentation in the embryonic period may be interfered with. We established a mouse model with the pathogenic point mutation FLNB NM_001081427.1: c.4756G > A (p.Gly1586Arg) using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Micro-CT, HE staining and whole skeletal preparation were performed to examine the skeletal malformation. In situ hybridization of embryos was performed to examine the transcription of HOX genes during embryonic development. The expression of FLNB was downregulated in FLNBG1586R/G1586R and FLNBWT/G1586R mice, compared to FLNBWT/WT mice. Fusions in tarsal bones were found in FLNBG1586R/G1586R and FLNBWT/G1586R mice, indicating that the skeletal segmentation was interfered with. In the embryo of FLNBG1586R/G1586R mice (E12.5), the transcription levels of HOXD10 and HOXB2 were downregulated in the carpal region and cervical spine region, respectively. This study indicated that the loss-of-function mutation G1586R in FLNB may lead to abnormal skeletal segmentation, and the mechanism was possibly associated with the downregulation of HOX gene transcription during the embryonic period.

纤 维素 B(FLNB)在骨骼发育过程中发挥着重要作用。FLNB突变可导致骨骼畸形,如骨化中心数量异常,这表明胚胎时期的骨骼分割可能受到干扰。我们利用CRISPR-Cas9技术建立了致病点突变FLNB NM_001081427.1: c.4756G > A (p.Gly1586Arg) 的小鼠模型。为检测骨骼畸形,对胚胎进行了显微 CT、HE 染色和全骨骼制备。对胚胎进行原位杂交以检测胚胎发育过程中HOX基因的转录情况。与FLNBWT/WT小鼠相比,FLNBG1586R/G1586R和FLNBWT/G1586R小鼠中FLNB的表达下调。在FLNBG1586R/G1586R和FLNBWT/G1586R小鼠中发现跗骨融合,这表明骨骼的分割受到了干扰。在FLNBG1586R/G1586R小鼠胚胎(E12.5)中,HOXD10和HOXB2的转录水平分别在腕骨区和颈椎区下调。该研究表明,FLNB功能缺失突变G1586R可能导致骨骼分割异常,其机制可能与胚胎期HOX基因转录下调有关。
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引用次数: 0
The multi-faceted nature of age-associated osteoporosis 老年性骨质疏松症的多面性
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101750
A.E. Smit , O.C. Meijer , E.M. Winter

Age-associated osteoporosis (AAOP) poses a significant health burden, characterized by increased fracture risk due to declining bone mass and strength. Effective prevention and early treatment strategies are crucial to mitigate the disease burden and the associated healthcare costs. Current therapeutic approaches effectively target the individual contributing factors to AAOP. Nonetheless, the management of AAOP is complicated by the multitude of variables that affect its development. Main intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to AAOP risk are reviewed here, including mechanical unloading, nutrient deficiency, hormonal disbalance, disrupted metabolism, cognitive decline, inflammation and circadian disruption. Furthermore, it is discussed how these can be targeted for prevention and treatment. Although valuable as individual targets for intervention, the interconnectedness of these risk factors result in a unique etiology for every patient. Acknowledgement of the multifaceted nature of AAOP will enable the development of more effective and sustainable management strategies, based on a holistic, patient-centered approach.

年龄相关性骨质疏松症(AAOP)是一种严重的健康负担,其特点是骨量和骨强度下降导致骨折风险增加。有效的预防和早期治疗策略对于减轻疾病负担和相关医疗费用至关重要。目前的治疗方法能有效针对导致 AAOP 的各种因素。然而,由于影响 AAOP 发展的变量众多,其管理也变得十分复杂。本文回顾了导致 AAOP 风险的主要内在和外在因素,包括机械卸载、营养缺乏、荷尔蒙失调、新陈代谢紊乱、认知能力下降、炎症和昼夜节律紊乱。此外,还讨论了如何针对这些因素进行预防和治疗。尽管这些风险因素作为单独的干预目标很有价值,但它们之间的相互联系导致每位患者都有独特的病因。认识到 AAOP 的多面性,就能在以患者为中心的整体方法基础上,制定出更有效、更可持续的管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
Case report: Death caused by multi-organ metastatic calcifications as a result of intramuscular injections with paraffin oil 病例报告:肌肉注射石蜡油导致多器官转移性钙化引发死亡
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101749
Søren Reinhold Jakobsen , Marta Diaz-delCastillo , Martin Blomberg Jensen , Thomas Levin Andersen , Ebbe Eldrup , Trine Skov Nielsen

In this forensic case report, we present autopsy findings from a young male in his thirties who had been self-injecting paraffin oil into his upper extremities 8 years prior to death. The injections induced an inflammatory response, leading to granuloma formation. This, in turn, resulted in severe hypercalcemia. The external autopsy examination revealed gross macroscopic ulcerations and enlargement of upper extremities, while calcifications of ligaments, heart, kidneys and dura mater was revealed on postmortem CT-scans. Histopathological examination showed extensive multiorgan metastatic calcifications in several tissues including the lungs, heart and kidney. Cause of death was estimated to be the extensive calcific deposits in the heart likely resulting in cardiac arrest. To our knowledge this is the first case reporting findings from an autopsy in which the cause of death was linked to cosmetic oil injections.

在这份法医案例报告中,我们介绍了一名三十多岁的年轻男性的尸检结果,他在死前 8 年曾自行向上肢注射石蜡油。注射引起了炎症反应,导致肉芽肿形成。这反过来又导致了严重的高钙血症。外部尸检显示他的上肢有大面积溃疡和肿大,死后 CT 扫描显示他的韧带、心脏、肾脏和硬脑膜有钙化。组织病理学检查显示,包括肺、心脏和肾脏在内的多个组织出现了广泛的多器官转移性钙化。据估计,死亡原因是心脏内的广泛钙化沉积可能导致心脏骤停。据我们所知,这是第一例报告死因与注射美容油有关的尸检结果。
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引用次数: 0
Craniofacial disorders and dysplasias: Molecular, clinical, and management perspectives 颅面疾病和发育不良:分子、临床和管理视角
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101747
Sunday O. Akintoye , Akinyele O. Adisa , Chukwubuzor U. Okwuosa , Mel Mupparapu

There is a wide spectrum of craniofacial bone disorders and dysplasias because embryological development of the craniofacial region is complex. Classification of craniofacial bone disorders and dysplasias is also complex because they exhibit complex clinical, pathological, and molecular heterogeneity. Most craniofacial disorders and dysplasias are rare but they present an array of phenotypes that functionally impact the orofacial complex. Management of craniofacial disorders is a multidisciplinary approach that involves the collaborative efforts of multiple professionals. This review provides an overview of the complexity of craniofacial disorders and dysplasias from molecular, clinical, and management perspectives.

颅面骨疾病和发育不良的范围很广,因为颅面区域的胚胎发育很复杂。颅面骨疾病和发育不良的分类也很复杂,因为它们表现出复杂的临床、病理和分子异质性。大多数颅面骨疾病和发育不良都很罕见,但它们却呈现出一系列表型,对口面部复合体的功能产生影响。颅颌面疾病的治疗需要多学科专家的通力合作。本综述从分子、临床和管理角度概述了颅面疾病和发育不良的复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
Real world fracture prediction of fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX), osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA) and one-minute osteoporosis risk test: An 11-year longitudinal study 骨折风险评估工具 (FRAX)、亚洲人骨质疏松症自我评估工具 (OSTA) 和一分钟骨质疏松症风险测试的实际骨折预测:一项为期 11 年的纵向研究
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101742
Yueh-Hsuan Sheng , Tai-Yin Wu , Chen-Kun Liaw , Sheng-Huang Hsiao , Kuan-Liang Kuo , Ching-Yao Tsai

Introduction

Fractures affect people's quality of life especially in the elders. One of the most important risk factors is osteoporosis. There are many screening tools to predict osteoporosis and fractures. We aimed to compare the predictive validity of three commonly used screening tools: fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX), osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA) and one-minute osteoporosis risk test. Among them, OSTA and one-minute osteoporosis risk test were originally developed to predict osteoporosis risks and FRAX was to predict fracture risks.

Methods

This is an 11-year longitudinal study. We enrolled 708 senior people from health examinees in Taiwan in 2010. A standardized questionnaire and blood tests were provided. Annual telephone interview was conducted to assess the real fracture status. We calculated risk scores of FRAX, OSTA, and one-minute osteoporosis risk test and compared with real-world fracture records.

Results

The mean age of the participants were 74.9 (SD 6.4). There were 356 (50.3 %) men. From 2010 to 2020, a total of 105 (14.8 %) persons suffered from fractures. Compared to people without fractures, people with fractures had higher FRAX major osteoporotic fracture risk scores (14.0 % ± 7.6 % vs.11.3 % ± 5.7 %), higher hip fracture risk scores, and higher OSTA risk (5.9 % ± 1.4 % vs. 5.3 % ± 1.3 %). Cox regression analysis showed that hazard ratios for fracture of high FRAX risk was 1.53 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.05–2.21), and for high OSTA risk was 1.37 (95 % CI 1.04–1.82).

Conclusions

Only OSTA and FRAX scores were satisfactory in predicting 10-year fractures.

导言骨折会影响人们的生活质量,尤其是老年人。骨质疏松症是最重要的风险因素之一。有许多筛查工具可以预测骨质疏松症和骨折。我们旨在比较三种常用筛查工具的预测有效性:骨折风险评估工具(FRAX)、亚洲人骨质疏松症自我评估工具(OSTA)和一分钟骨质疏松症风险测试。其中,OSTA 和一分钟骨质疏松症风险测试最初是为了预测骨质疏松症风险而开发的,而 FRAX 则是为了预测骨折风险。2010年,我们从台湾的健康体检者中招募了708名老年人。我们提供了标准化问卷和血液检测。每年进行一次电话访问,以评估实际骨折状况。我们计算了 FRAX、OSTA 和一分钟骨质疏松症风险测试的风险分数,并与现实世界的骨折记录进行了比较。男性 356 人(50.3%)。从 2010 年到 2020 年,共有 105 人(14.8%)发生骨折。与没有骨折的人相比,骨折患者的 FRAX 主要骨质疏松性骨折风险评分更高(14.0 % ± 7.6 % 对 11.3 % ± 5.7 %),髋部骨折风险评分更高,OSTA 风险更高(5.9 % ± 1.4 % 对 5.3 % ± 1.3 %)。Cox回归分析显示,FRAX高风险的骨折危险比为1.53(95%置信区间(CI)为1.05-2.21),OSTA高风险的骨折危险比为1.37(95%置信区间(CI)为1.04-1.82)。
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引用次数: 0
Strontium ranelate retards disc degradation and improves endplate and bone micro-architecture in ovariectomized rats with lumbar fusion induced – Adjacent segment disc degeneration 雷奈酸锶可延缓腰椎间盘退化,改善卵巢切除大鼠腰椎融合术诱发的邻节椎间盘退化的终板和骨微结构
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101744
Qi Sun , Fang Liu , Jiakang Fang , Qiangqiang Lian , Yunpeng Hu , Xinyu Nan , Fa-Ming Tian , Guochuan Zhang , Dianwen Qi , Liu Zhang , Jingwen Zhang , Yang Luo , Zuzhuo Zhang , Zhuang Zhou

Objectives

Adjacent segment disc degeneration (ASDD) is one of the long-term sequelae of spinal fusion, which is more susceptible with osteoporosis. As an anti-osteoporosis drug, strontium ranelate (SR) has been reported to not only regulate bone metabolism but also cartilage matrix formation. However, it is not yet clear whether SR has a reversal or delaying effect on fusion-induced ASDD in a model of osteoporosis.

Materials and methods

Fifth three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent L4-L5 posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) with spinous-process wire fixation 4 weeks after bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) surgery. Animals were administered vehicle (V) or SR (900 mg/kg/d) orally for 12 weeks post-PLF as follows: Sham+V, OVX + V, PLF + V, OVX + PLF + V, and OVX + PLF + SR. Manual palpation and X-ray were used to evaluate the state of lumbar fusion. Adjacent-segment disc was assessed by histological (VG staining and Scoring), histomorphometry (Disc Height, MVD, Calcification rate and Vascular Bud rate), immunohistochemical (Col-II, Aggrecan, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and Caspase-3), and mRNA analysis (ColI, Col-II, Aggrecan, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4). Adjacent L6 vertebrae microstructures were evaluated by microcomputed tomography.

Results

Manual palpation and radiographs showed clear evidence of the fused segment's immobility. After 12 weeks of PLF surgery, a fusion-induced ASDD model was established. Low bone mass caused by ovariectomy can significantly exacerbate ASDD progression. SR exerted a protective effect on adjacent segment intervertebral disc with the underlying mechanism possibly being associated with preserving bone mass to prevent spinal instability, maintaining the functional integrity of endplate vascular microstructure, and regulating matrix metabolism in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus.

Discussion

Anti-osteoporosis medication SR treatments not only maintain bone mass and prevent fractures, but early intervention could also potentially delay degenerative conditions linked to osteoporosis. Taken together, our results suggested that SR might be a promising approach for the intervention of fusion-induced ASDD with osteoporosis.

目的邻节椎间盘退变(ASDD)是脊柱融合术的长期后遗症之一,骨质疏松症患者更易患上该病。据报道,作为一种抗骨质疏松症药物,雷奈酸锶(SR)不仅能调节骨代谢,还能调节软骨基质的形成。材料与方法五只三个月大的雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠在双侧卵巢切除术(OVX)4 周后接受了 L4-L5 后外侧腰椎融合术(PLF),并用棘突钢丝固定。PLF术后给动物口服载体(V)或SR(900 mg/kg/d)12周,具体如下:Sham+V、OVX + V、PLF + V、OVX + PLF + V 和 OVX + PLF + SR。人工触诊和 X 光检查用于评估腰椎融合状况。通过组织学(VG 染色和评分)、组织形态学(椎间盘高度、MVD、钙化率和血管芽率)、免疫组化(Col-II、Aggrecan、MMP-13、ADAMTS-4 和 Caspase-3)和 mRNA 分析(ColI、Col-II、Aggrecan、MMP-13 和 ADAMTS-4)对相邻节段的椎间盘进行评估。通过微计算机断层扫描评估了相邻 L6 椎体的微结构。PLF手术12周后,融合诱导的ASDD模型得以建立。卵巢切除术导致的低骨量会明显加剧ASDD的发展。SR对邻近节段的椎间盘具有保护作用,其潜在机制可能与保护骨量以防止脊柱不稳定、维持终板血管微结构的功能完整性以及调节髓核和纤维环的基质代谢有关。讨论抗骨质疏松症药物SR治疗不仅能维持骨量和预防骨折,而且早期干预还可能延缓与骨质疏松症有关的退行性病变。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,SR 可能是干预融合诱发的 ASDD 骨质疏松症的一种很有前景的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the morphological structure of partial fracture healing process in diabetic mice based on synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging computed tomography and deep learning 基于同步辐射相位对比成像计算机断层扫描和深度学习的糖尿病小鼠部分骨折愈合过程形态结构研究
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101743
Liping Liu , Bozhi Cai , Lingling Liu , Xiaoning Zhuang , Zhidan Zhao , Xin Huang , Jianfa Zhang

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has exhibited a notable surge in recent years, thereby augmenting the susceptibility to fractures and impeding the process of fracture healing. The primary objective of this investigation is to employ synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging computed tomography (SR-PCI-CT) to examine the morphological and structural attributes of different types of callus in a murine model of diabetic partial fractures. Additionally, a deep learning image segmentation model was utilized to facilitate both qualitative and quantitative analysis of callus during various time intervals. A total of forty male Kunming mice, aged five weeks, were randomly allocated into two groups, each consisting of twenty mice, namely, simple fracture group (SF) and diabetic fracture group (DF). Mice in DF group were intraperitoneally injected 60 mg/kg 1 % streptozotocin(STZ) solution for 5 consecutive days, and the standard for modeling was that the fasting blood glucose level was ≥11.1 mmol /l one week after the last injection of STZ. The right tibias of all mice were observed to have oblique fractures that did not traverse the entire bone. At three, seven, ten and fourteen days after the fracture occurred, the fractured tibias were extracted for SR-PCI-CT imaging and histological analysis. Furthermore, a deep learning image segmentation model was devised to automatically detect, categorize and quantitatively examine different types of callus. Image J software was utilized to measure the grayscale values of different types of callus and perform quantitative analysis. The findings demonstrated that:

  • 1)

    SR-PCI-CT imaging effectively depicted the morphological attributes of different types of callus of fracture healing. The grayscale values of different types of callus were significantly different(P < 0.01).

  • 2)

    In comparison to the SF group, the DF group exhibited a significant reduction in the total amount of callus during the same period (P < 0.01). Additionally, the peak of cartilage callus in the hypertrophic phase was delayed.

  • 3)

    Histology provides the basis for training algorithms for deep learning image segmentation models. The deep-learning image segmentation models achieved accuracies of 0.69, 0.81 and 0.733 for reserve/proliferative cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage and mineralized cartilage, respectively, in the test set. The corresponding Dice values were 0.72, 0.83 and 0.76, respectively.

In summary, SR-PCI-CT images are close to the histological level, and a variety of cartilage can be identified on synchrotron radiation CT images compared with histological examination, while artificial intelligence image segmentation model can realize automatic analysis and data generation through deep learning, and further determine the objectivity and accuracy of SR-PCI-CT in identi

近年来,糖尿病的发病率明显上升,从而增加了骨折的易感性并阻碍了骨折愈合的过程。本研究的主要目的是采用同步辐射相位对比成像计算机断层扫描(SR-PCI-CT)技术,研究糖尿病部分骨折小鼠模型中不同类型胼胝体的形态和结构属性。此外,还利用深度学习图像分割模型对不同时间间隔内的胼胝体进行了定性和定量分析。将年龄为五周的四十只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为两组,每组二十只,即单纯骨折组(SF)和糖尿病骨折组(DF)。DF组小鼠连续5天腹腔注射60 mg/kg 1 %链脲佐菌素(STZ)溶液,以最后一次注射STZ一周后空腹血糖水平≥11.1 mmol /l为建模标准。观察发现,所有小鼠的右胫骨都有斜形骨折,且骨折没有横穿整个骨骼。在骨折发生后的三日、七日、十日和十四日,提取骨折的胫骨进行 SR-PCI-CT 成像和组织学分析。此外,还设计了一个深度学习图像分割模型,用于自动检测、分类和定量检查不同类型的胼胝体。利用图像 J 软件测量不同类型胼胝体的灰度值并进行定量分析。研究结果表明:1)SR-PCI-CT 成像有效地描述了骨折愈合过程中不同类型胼胝体的形态属性。2)与 SF 组相比,DF 组同期的胼胝体总量显著减少(P< 0.01)。3)组织学为深度学习图像分割模型的训练算法提供了基础。在测试集中,深度学习图像分割模型对后备/增生软骨、肥大软骨和矿化软骨的准确度分别为 0.69、0.81 和 0.733。综上所述,SR-PCI-CT 图像接近于组织学水平,与组织学检查相比,同步辐射 CT 图像可识别多种软骨,而人工智能图像分割模型可通过深度学习实现自动分析和数据生成,进一步确定 SR-PCI-CT 识别各种软骨组织的客观性和准确性。因此,该成像技术结合深度学习图像分割模型可有效评估糖尿病对小鼠骨折愈合过程中胼胝体形态和结构变化的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Strontium ranelate retards disc degradation and improves endplate and bone micro-architecture in ovariectomized rats with lumbar fusion induced – Adjacent segment disc degeneration 雷奈酸锶可延缓腰椎间盘退化,改善卵巢切除大鼠腰椎融合术诱发的邻节椎间盘退化的终板和骨微结构
IF 2.5 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101744
Qi Sun, Fang Liu, Jiakang Fang, Qiangqiang Lian, Yunpeng Hu, Xinyu Nan, Fa-Ming Tian, Guochuan Zhang, Dianwen Qi, Liu Zhang, Jingwen Zhang, Yang Luo, Zuzhuo Zhang, Zhuang Zhou
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引用次数: 0
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