Indian journal of dentistry最新文献

Introduction: Oral health problems, especially dental caries are known to be common in children with severe heart disease, especially at early ages. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in protection against oral diseases owing to its strong antimicrobial action has been a topic of interest.

Objective: The current study was carried out to estimate the NO levels in the salivary samples of children diagnosed with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and to determine whether salivary NO can serve as a potential biomarker for the evaluation of dental caries-risk.

Methodology: This prospective study was performed on 50 children suffering from CHDs who reported to the department of pediatrics and the levels were compared with those of 50 healthy caries-free children. NO levels in the collected salivary levels were determined spectrophotometrically using the Griess reaction method.

Results: Subjects between the age group of 6 and 12 years had maximum decayed teeth (20.95%). The mean NO level in children in study group (60.63) was decreased in comparison to the control group (132.40), which was statistically significant (P value of 0.001). The mean age of the subjects in the study group was 7.24 and the salivary NO levels decreased with age, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Children are suffering from medically compromising conditions such as CHDs are at a higher risk for dental caries and decreased salivary NO levels in these patients may prove as a critical indicator of the same. Saliva can be further utilized as an important biomarker for the determination of the relationship between salivary NO levels and development of dental caries.

Fixed-drug eruption (FDE) is an unusual and rare adverse drug reaction. This type of reaction is actually a delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction that occurs as lesions recurring at the same skin site due to repeated intake of an offending drug. Here is a case report of a 58-year-old male patient who developed intraoral FDEs after ingestion of the first dose of ornidazole.

Aim: To evaluate immunohistochemically vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki-67 in human gingival samples and to compare these factors between healthy and diabetic patients.

Materials and methods: A total of 50 subjects were included in the study. They were categorized into three groups: Periodontally healthy group, periodontally diseased gingiva without any systemic disease group and periodontally diseased gingiva with controlled type II diabetes mellitus (DM) group. Gingival biopsies were performed and immunohistochemical analysis were done for VEGF and Ki-67 staining in gingival samples.

Results: The present study found moderate intensity staining for VEGF in periodontitis group and periodontitis with controlled type II DM group and mild intensity staining for VEGF in periodontally healthy group. With regard to Ki-67, negative staining was observed in periodontally healthy group and mild staining in periodontitis group and periodontitis with controlled type II DM group.

Conclusion: Further investigation needs to be conducted to identify how VEGF and Ki-67 are involved in the tissue inflammation associated processes and the relationship between VEGF and Ki-67 in progression of periodontitis.

Objective: A two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease has been suggested; whereas obesity and impaired lipid profile are risk factors for type-2 diabetes mellitus. This study examined the relationship between lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with periodontal health/disease dependent variables in healthy, diabetic and impaired glucose tolerance subjects.

Materials and methods: 120 patients were selected for the study and were determined to be periodontally healthy or diseased. All these patients underwent biochemical tests for OGTT and Lipid profile analysis and data was compared using Z-test.

Results: The OGTT results deteriorated with deteriorating periodontal condition. A similar correlation was also observed between worsening lipid profile test values, OGTT score, and periodontal condition.

Conclusion: This study indicates that hyperlipidemia may be one of the factors associated with periodontitis and that periodontitis may itself lead to abnormal serum lipid levels. Therefore, in addition to effects on diabetes, periodontitis may contribute to elevated serum lipid levels and therefore potentially to systemic disease arising from chronic hyperlipidemia.

Aim: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been widely used as an inflammatory marker of both acute and chronic conditions. The aim of the present study was to analyze MPO found in the peri-implant sulcus fluid of implants (PISF) and gingival cervicular fluid (GCF) of natural teeth in healthy or diseased states.

Material and methods: A total of 107 dental implant sites, either healthy/noninflamed, inflamed or affected by periodontitis, were classified and GCF/PISF samples were obtained. GCF/PISF MPO was spectrophotometrically determined.

Results: Both the GCF and the PISF volumes exhibited a gradual increase with gingival inflammation (P < 0.05). PISF from inflamed sites (P = 0.0001) and GCF from the gingivitis and periodontitis sites showed significantly higher total MPO levels (P < 0.05) in comparison with the noninflamed sites. The volumetric similarities of PISF and GCF in terms of response to inflammation were seen in the present study. However, some differences in PISF and GCF were observed.

Conclusion: PISF may be suggested to have a considerable diagnostic potential as it exhibits the biologic changes around load-bearing endosseous dental implants.

Being knowledgeable of neurovascularization of anterior mandible is crucial for successful local anesthesia and for safe minor and major oral surgeries of this part. The first case was 62 years old and was found to have two accessory mental foramina with buccal emergence on the left side and two accessory mental foramina with buccal and lingual emergence paths on the right side (overall five mental foramina). Incisive nerve plexus with multiple cephalic branching was obvious on both sides. The second case was 60 years of age and had two lingual foramina on the lingual side with two accessory foramina on the buccal side of the symphysis. Considering our findings, a pre-operation limited cone beam computed tomography is suggested to avoid inadvertent damage, especially when planning a surgery in the mandibular inter-mental region.

Oral cancer appears to be increasing in incidence, and mortality has hardly improved over the past 25 years. Better understanding of the etiopathogenesis should lead to more accurate and earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments with fewer adverse effects. Despite increasing interest in the possible relationships between bacteria and the different stages of cancer development, the association of bacteria with cancer of the oral cavity has yet to be adequately examined. Different bacteria have been proposed to induce carcinogenesis, either through induction of chronic inflammation or by interference, either directly or indirectly, with eukaryotic cell cycle and signaling pathways or by metabolism of potentially carcinogenic substances like acetaldehyde, causing mutagenesis. This review presents the possible carcinogenesis pathway involved in bacterial carcinogenesis, commonly implicated bacteria in oral carcinogenesis and their role in cancer therapeutics as well.

Lipomas are the most common subcutaneous soft-tissue tumors. These are benign tumors originating from the adipocytes. They may be located in any part of the body and can be confused clinically with other soft tissue masses. They infrequently occur in the head and neck region. We present a case of solitary lipoma arising in the neck region that was reported to our division of oral and maxillofacial surgery.