Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common condition observed in clinical practice, is a significant public health concern; however, several patients with OSA remain underdiagnosed and untreated. OSA is not merely anatomically driven but is a heterogeneous disorder attributable to complex pathophysiology. Therefore, anatomically driven therapy such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), dental device use, or upper airway surgery offers limited benefit because these approaches do not consider the various clinical and other pathophysiological contributors to OSA. Poor long-term adherence is a limitation of CPAP, the most effective modality recommended as first-line therapy in patients with OSA. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of OSA have led to the identification of three OSA phenotypes based on pathophysiological traits, polysomnographic traits, and clinical/symptombased characteristics. In this review, we summarize recent progress and research trends in the phenotypic approach to OSA.
{"title":"Phenotypic Approach to Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"K. Ji","doi":"10.13078/jsm.220019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/jsm.220019","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common condition observed in clinical practice, is a significant public health concern; however, several patients with OSA remain underdiagnosed and untreated. OSA is not merely anatomically driven but is a heterogeneous disorder attributable to complex pathophysiology. Therefore, anatomically driven therapy such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), dental device use, or upper airway surgery offers limited benefit because these approaches do not consider the various clinical and other pathophysiological contributors to OSA. Poor long-term adherence is a limitation of CPAP, the most effective modality recommended as first-line therapy in patients with OSA. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of OSA have led to the identification of three OSA phenotypes based on pathophysiological traits, polysomnographic traits, and clinical/symptombased characteristics. In this review, we summarize recent progress and research trends in the phenotypic approach to OSA.","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74649030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate dizziness in patients with sleep disorders, objectively identify vestibular function through the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) using the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), and evaluate the association between these findings.Methods: Among the patients who visited the sleep clinic from June to October 2021, 69 who underwent both polysomnography (PSG) and vHIT were included. Participants completed questionnaires including the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-II, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The subjects were classified into four groups: insomnia (n=4), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) (n=13), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (n=34), and RBD and OSAS (n=18). Moderate to severe OSAS (n=49) was compared with no OSAS and mild OSAS (n=20).Results: In comparison of the four groups according to sleep disorders, the OSAS patients showed the highest DHI scores and the lowest VOR gain, but statistical significance was not found. Although all VOR gains were within the normal range, the VOR gain of the left posterior semicircular canal was significantly lower in the moderate to severe OSA group than in the no OSA and mild OSA groups (1.02±0.18 vs. 0.94±0.10, p=0.019). DHI total scores showed no correlation with VOR gain but showed a positive correlation with ISI (r=0.422, p=0.001) and PSQI (r=0.287, p=0.022). Among PSG parameters, lowest oxygen saturation (SaO2) and percentage of time with SaO2 less than 90% were correlated with the emotional score of DHI (r=-0.245, p=0.043 and r=0.311, p=0.010, respectively).Conclusions: Although our study could not objectively confirm vestibular dysfunction in patients with sleep disorders, we found that subjective sleep complaints were associated with dizziness and hypoxic conditions during sleep were associated with emotional aspects of dizziness. This suggests that the treatment of concomitant sleep disorders may improve dizziness.
{"title":"Evaluation of Vestibular Function in Sleep Disorders","authors":"Hyoeun Bae, Jae Rim Kim, Hyunjin Jo, E. Joo","doi":"10.13078/jsm.220011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/jsm.220011","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate dizziness in patients with sleep disorders, objectively identify vestibular function through the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) using the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), and evaluate the association between these findings.Methods: Among the patients who visited the sleep clinic from June to October 2021, 69 who underwent both polysomnography (PSG) and vHIT were included. Participants completed questionnaires including the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-II, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The subjects were classified into four groups: insomnia (n=4), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) (n=13), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (n=34), and RBD and OSAS (n=18). Moderate to severe OSAS (n=49) was compared with no OSAS and mild OSAS (n=20).Results: In comparison of the four groups according to sleep disorders, the OSAS patients showed the highest DHI scores and the lowest VOR gain, but statistical significance was not found. Although all VOR gains were within the normal range, the VOR gain of the left posterior semicircular canal was significantly lower in the moderate to severe OSA group than in the no OSA and mild OSA groups (1.02±0.18 vs. 0.94±0.10, p=0.019). DHI total scores showed no correlation with VOR gain but showed a positive correlation with ISI (r=0.422, p=0.001) and PSQI (r=0.287, p=0.022). Among PSG parameters, lowest oxygen saturation (SaO2) and percentage of time with SaO2 less than 90% were correlated with the emotional score of DHI (r=-0.245, p=0.043 and r=0.311, p=0.010, respectively).Conclusions: Although our study could not objectively confirm vestibular dysfunction in patients with sleep disorders, we found that subjective sleep complaints were associated with dizziness and hypoxic conditions during sleep were associated with emotional aspects of dizziness. This suggests that the treatment of concomitant sleep disorders may improve dizziness.","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84891156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by complex motor behaviors and REM without atonia. RBD shows diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from typical violent dreamenacting behaviors to relatively subtle limb movements. Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal seizure that mimic RBD symptoms are referred to as pseudo-RBD. We describe a patient who showed an atypical clinical presentation of pseudo-RBD associated with severe OSA. Polysomnography with a full 10–20 electroencephalography montage was useful for accurate diagnosis.
{"title":"A Case of Seizure Like Movement During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Diagnosed With Pseudo-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Associated With Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"Soo-Ryun Park, H. Bae, E. Joo","doi":"10.13078/jsm.220022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/jsm.220022","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by complex motor behaviors and REM without atonia. RBD shows diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from typical violent dreamenacting behaviors to relatively subtle limb movements. Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal seizure that mimic RBD symptoms are referred to as pseudo-RBD. We describe a patient who showed an atypical clinical presentation of pseudo-RBD associated with severe OSA. Polysomnography with a full 10–20 electroencephalography montage was useful for accurate diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79114401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chae, Soo-Yeon Han, Cho Hee Kim, Ji-Hye Hwang, Hyo Jin Kim
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore and evaluate the characteristics and quality of infant and maternal sleep (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and wakefulness after sleep onset) using an actigraph.Methods: The characteristics and quality of sleep were assessed in 22 dyads of mothers and infants aged 3–12 months. The quality of infant and mother sleep was collected using an actigraph for 12 consecutive days; this was repeated three times at 4-week intervals, and characteristics of infant sleep were measured using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-Revised.Results: Bedsharing with infants at 7–12 months of age was higher (12.5%) than with those at 3–6 months of age (50.0%). Regarding the sleeping position, half of the infants aged 3–6 months adopted the lateral (25.0%) and prone (25.0%) positions, and the remaining half (50.0%) aged 7–12 months adopted the lateral position. It was found that 45.5% of mothers of infants used breastfeeding and pacifiers to induce sleep in infants and to help their babies go back to sleep when they woke up. The total sleep time and sleep efficiency of infants and mothers were 434.68 minutes per day and 73.1% and 379.53 minutes per day and 82.8%, respectively, indicating that both infants and mothers had low sleep quality.Conclusions: To safeguard infants’ sleep, it is necessary to provide appropriate information and education to parents and necessary interventions for resolving sleep problems and improving the quality of sleep for both infants and mothers.
{"title":"Assessment of Sleep Quality of Infants and Their Mothers Using Actigraphy","authors":"S. Chae, Soo-Yeon Han, Cho Hee Kim, Ji-Hye Hwang, Hyo Jin Kim","doi":"10.13078/jsm.220016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/jsm.220016","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore and evaluate the characteristics and quality of infant and maternal sleep (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and wakefulness after sleep onset) using an actigraph.Methods: The characteristics and quality of sleep were assessed in 22 dyads of mothers and infants aged 3–12 months. The quality of infant and mother sleep was collected using an actigraph for 12 consecutive days; this was repeated three times at 4-week intervals, and characteristics of infant sleep were measured using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-Revised.Results: Bedsharing with infants at 7–12 months of age was higher (12.5%) than with those at 3–6 months of age (50.0%). Regarding the sleeping position, half of the infants aged 3–6 months adopted the lateral (25.0%) and prone (25.0%) positions, and the remaining half (50.0%) aged 7–12 months adopted the lateral position. It was found that 45.5% of mothers of infants used breastfeeding and pacifiers to induce sleep in infants and to help their babies go back to sleep when they woke up. The total sleep time and sleep efficiency of infants and mothers were 434.68 minutes per day and 73.1% and 379.53 minutes per day and 82.8%, respectively, indicating that both infants and mothers had low sleep quality.Conclusions: To safeguard infants’ sleep, it is necessary to provide appropriate information and education to parents and necessary interventions for resolving sleep problems and improving the quality of sleep for both infants and mothers.","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84485356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep-related head jerk (SRHJ) is conceived as a physiological motor phenomenon, which is mostly seen during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It should be distinguished from movements during REM sleep, mainly REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). A 25-year-old male complained of daytime sleepiness with snoring and dream enactment behavior (DEB). Video polysomnography (PSG) excluded RBD and obstructive sleep apnea; frequent SRHJs during REM sleep with or without respiratory effort-related arousals, and SRHJs followed by one episode of DEB was observed. On PSG with continuous positive airway pressure titration, SRHJ with arousal events still remained but DEB symptom was resolved. REM without atonia unrelated to head jerks was not observed on all PSG data. Excessive SRHJs with arousal related to a sleep disturbance could indicate an SRHJ disorder, which might be a novel sleep-related movement disorder. In addition, clinicians should be careful in diagnosing young patients with RBD.
{"title":"Sleep-Related Head Jerk Presenting With Dream Enactment Behavior: A Case Report","authors":"Jung-Won Shin","doi":"10.13078/jsm.220023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/jsm.220023","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep-related head jerk (SRHJ) is conceived as a physiological motor phenomenon, which is mostly seen during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It should be distinguished from movements during REM sleep, mainly REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). A 25-year-old male complained of daytime sleepiness with snoring and dream enactment behavior (DEB). Video polysomnography (PSG) excluded RBD and obstructive sleep apnea; frequent SRHJs during REM sleep with or without respiratory effort-related arousals, and SRHJs followed by one episode of DEB was observed. On PSG with continuous positive airway pressure titration, SRHJ with arousal events still remained but DEB symptom was resolved. REM without atonia unrelated to head jerks was not observed on all PSG data. Excessive SRHJs with arousal related to a sleep disturbance could indicate an SRHJ disorder, which might be a novel sleep-related movement disorder. In addition, clinicians should be careful in diagnosing young patients with RBD.","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81996910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a sleep clinic.Methods: We used a retrospective review of 77 subjects with suspected OSA to conduct a secondary analysis of a previously published sleep study. A total of 77 subjects attended and completed overnight, in-laboratory polysomnography. Subjects completed the standard BQ in the evening just before the sleep study.Results: The mean age of 77 subjects was 49.94±15.78 years, of which 37 (48.1%) were male and 42 (63.7%) were white. Forty-six subjects (59.7%) were diagnosed with OSA through polysomnography. In the analysis of each item of the standard BQ, the sensitivity ranged from 4.6% to 92.5%, and the specificity ranged from 13.3% to 85.7%. For item 8, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 4.6%, 84.9%, 0.3, and 1.1, respectively. The area under the curve values of the standard BQ and after deleting item 8 were 0.634 and 0.751, respectively. When item 8 was deleted and each item on the standard BQ was calculated as one point, the cutoff values representing the highest Yuden index were 3.5 and 4.5.Conclusions: A modified BQ that selects four different questions for each subject, regardless of the number of positive categories in the standard BQ, will provide improved accuracy in screening subjects with a high likelihood of having OSA.
{"title":"Usefulness of the Berlin Questionnaire for Screening Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"Hyunju Yang, Sung-Hee Yoo","doi":"10.13078/jsm.220020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/jsm.220020","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a sleep clinic.Methods: We used a retrospective review of 77 subjects with suspected OSA to conduct a secondary analysis of a previously published sleep study. A total of 77 subjects attended and completed overnight, in-laboratory polysomnography. Subjects completed the standard BQ in the evening just before the sleep study.Results: The mean age of 77 subjects was 49.94±15.78 years, of which 37 (48.1%) were male and 42 (63.7%) were white. Forty-six subjects (59.7%) were diagnosed with OSA through polysomnography. In the analysis of each item of the standard BQ, the sensitivity ranged from 4.6% to 92.5%, and the specificity ranged from 13.3% to 85.7%. For item 8, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 4.6%, 84.9%, 0.3, and 1.1, respectively. The area under the curve values of the standard BQ and after deleting item 8 were 0.634 and 0.751, respectively. When item 8 was deleted and each item on the standard BQ was calculated as one point, the cutoff values representing the highest Yuden index were 3.5 and 4.5.Conclusions: A modified BQ that selects four different questions for each subject, regardless of the number of positive categories in the standard BQ, will provide improved accuracy in screening subjects with a high likelihood of having OSA.","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88729669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gang Wook Seo, Intaek Hwang, Ji-Ye Moon, Hyeyun Kim
Somnambulism or sleepwalking is a disorder classified as non-rapid eye movement sleep parasomnia and is common in adolescents. Sleep fragmentation occurs frequently in somnambulism, and waking up and wandering are the main symptoms of the disorder. Our patient was a 14-year-old male with a 3-year history of sleepwalking at night when he visited our sleep clinic. A polysomnography was performed for the evaluation of parasomnia. Our patient was diagnosed as having parasomnia overlap syndrome with moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was prescribed for the OSA. After 12 weeks of CPAP, not only did the patient’s OSA symptoms resolve but somnambulism disappeared. Previous reports of overlap syndrome with OSA and somnambulism also supported the use of CPAP treatment for patients with both OSA and somnambulism.
{"title":"A Case of Successful Treatment of Sleepwalking Caused by Sleep Apnea Through Continuous Positive Airway Pressure","authors":"Gang Wook Seo, Intaek Hwang, Ji-Ye Moon, Hyeyun Kim","doi":"10.13078/jsm.220021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/jsm.220021","url":null,"abstract":"Somnambulism or sleepwalking is a disorder classified as non-rapid eye movement sleep parasomnia and is common in adolescents. Sleep fragmentation occurs frequently in somnambulism, and waking up and wandering are the main symptoms of the disorder. Our patient was a 14-year-old male with a 3-year history of sleepwalking at night when he visited our sleep clinic. A polysomnography was performed for the evaluation of parasomnia. Our patient was diagnosed as having parasomnia overlap syndrome with moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was prescribed for the OSA. After 12 weeks of CPAP, not only did the patient’s OSA symptoms resolve but somnambulism disappeared. Previous reports of overlap syndrome with OSA and somnambulism also supported the use of CPAP treatment for patients with both OSA and somnambulism.","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74169670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keuntae Kim, Hea Ree Park, Jae Wook Cho, J. Kim, Su-Hyun Han, H. Moon, S. Lee, Y. Cho
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{"title":"Prevalence and Public Awareness of Sleep Apnea Syndrome in South Korea","authors":"Keuntae Kim, Hea Ree Park, Jae Wook Cho, J. Kim, Su-Hyun Han, H. Moon, S. Lee, Y. Cho","doi":"10.13078/jsm.220017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/jsm.220017","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":"328 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80426041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0102
Tehmina P Syed, Samar Faheem, Ayesha Batool Haque
{"title":"Assessment of Maternal Sleeping Habits and Knowledge among Pakistani Pregnant Women","authors":"Tehmina P Syed, Samar Faheem, Ayesha Batool Haque","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48700216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0103
Khadijeh Alizadeh Feremi, N. Mousavinasab, Zahra Gholipour
{"title":"Relationship between Insomnia and Blood Oxygen Levels in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit","authors":"Khadijeh Alizadeh Feremi, N. Mousavinasab, Zahra Gholipour","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90527,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of sleep medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48749344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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