Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.20944/preprints201803.0094.v2
D. Wright, J. Koziel, D. Parker, Anna Iwasinska, T. Hartman, Paula Kolvig, Landon Wahe
Solving environmental odor issues can be confounded by many analytical, technological, and socioeconomic factors. Considerable know-how and technologies can fail to properly identify odorants responsible for the downwind nuisance odor and mitigate it for the affected citizenry. We propose enabling solutions to environmental odor issues by utilizing troubleshooting techniques developed for the food, beverage, and consumer products industries. We showed that the downwind odorant impact-priority ranking process can be definable and relatively simple. The initial challenge is the prioritization of environmental odor character from the perspective of the impacted citizenry downwind. In this research, we aim at summarizing three natural models of the rolling unmasking effect (RUE) and discuss them more systematically in the context of the proposed downwind environmental odor prioritization approach. Regardless of the size and reach of an odor source, a simplification of odor character and composition typically develops with downwind dilution. The extreme odor simplification-upon-dilution was demonstrated for two plant varieties, prairie verbena and Virginia pepperweed. Their downwind odor frontal boundaries were dominated by single, character-defining odorants; p-cresol-dominated ‘barnyard’ odor, and benzyl mercaptan-dominated ‘burnt match’ odor, respectively. The P.T. porcupine downwind odor frontal boundary was dominated by two potent, character-defining odorants: (1) ‘onion’/‘body odor’ odorant #1 and (2) ‘onion’/‘grilled’ odorant #2. In contrast with their downwind boundary simplicities, each odor source presented considerable compositional complexity and composite character difference near the source. The proposed RUE approach’s ultimate significance is the illustration of naturally occurring phenomena that explain why some environmental odors and their sources can be challenging to identify and mitigate using the analytical only approach (focused on compound identities and concentrations). These approaches rarely move beyond comprehensive lists of compounds being emitted by the source.
{"title":"Exploring the ‘Rolling Unmasking Effect’ of Downwind Odor Dispersion from Model Plant and Animal Sources","authors":"D. Wright, J. Koziel, D. Parker, Anna Iwasinska, T. Hartman, Paula Kolvig, Landon Wahe","doi":"10.20944/preprints201803.0094.v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201803.0094.v2","url":null,"abstract":"Solving environmental odor issues can be confounded by many analytical, technological, and socioeconomic factors. Considerable know-how and technologies can fail to properly identify odorants responsible for the downwind nuisance odor and mitigate it for the affected citizenry. We propose enabling solutions to environmental odor issues by utilizing troubleshooting techniques developed for the food, beverage, and consumer products industries. We showed that the downwind odorant impact-priority ranking process can be definable and relatively simple. The initial challenge is the prioritization of environmental odor character from the perspective of the impacted citizenry downwind. In this research, we aim at summarizing three natural models of the rolling unmasking effect (RUE) and discuss them more systematically in the context of the proposed downwind environmental odor prioritization approach. Regardless of the size and reach of an odor source, a simplification of odor character and composition typically develops with downwind dilution. The extreme odor simplification-upon-dilution was demonstrated for two plant varieties, prairie verbena and Virginia pepperweed. Their downwind odor frontal boundaries were dominated by single, character-defining odorants; p-cresol-dominated ‘barnyard’ odor, and benzyl mercaptan-dominated ‘burnt match’ odor, respectively. The P.T. porcupine downwind odor frontal boundary was dominated by two potent, character-defining odorants: (1) ‘onion’/‘body odor’ odorant #1 and (2) ‘onion’/‘grilled’ odorant #2. In contrast with their downwind boundary simplicities, each odor source presented considerable compositional complexity and composite character difference near the source. The proposed RUE approach’s ultimate significance is the illustration of naturally occurring phenomena that explain why some environmental odors and their sources can be challenging to identify and mitigate using the analytical only approach (focused on compound identities and concentrations). These approaches rarely move beyond comprehensive lists of compounds being emitted by the source.","PeriodicalId":90680,"journal":{"name":"PMSE preprints. American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. Meeting","volume":"36 1","pages":"2018030094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79380523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202104.0450.V1
K. Kirshanov, A. Gervald, R. Toms
The paper formulates requirements for a polymer material for molding products from it by fused deposition modeling. A methodology for evaluating the suitability of a polymer or composite of thereof in 3D printing technology has been developed. A graphic representation of the developed methodology in the form of a temperature-shear rate logarithm diagram is proposed. Application of the proposed methodology makes it possible to simplify the development of new materials for 3D printing by fused deposition modeling both at the stage of selecting the components of the polymer composition and at the stage of its subsequent approbation.
{"title":"Express Method for Evaluating the Suitability of a Polymer or Composite of Thereof for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing","authors":"K. Kirshanov, A. Gervald, R. Toms","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS202104.0450.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS202104.0450.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper formulates requirements for a polymer material for molding products from it by fused deposition modeling. A methodology for evaluating the suitability of a polymer or composite of thereof in 3D printing technology has been developed. A graphic representation of the developed methodology in the form of a temperature-shear rate logarithm diagram is proposed. Application of the proposed methodology makes it possible to simplify the development of new materials for 3D printing by fused deposition modeling both at the stage of selecting the components of the polymer composition and at the stage of its subsequent approbation.","PeriodicalId":90680,"journal":{"name":"PMSE preprints. American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. Meeting","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84005174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202102.0192.V1
Siddharth Kulkarni, Parmjit Chima
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the worst catastrophes that we have faced globally in recent years. It has not only taken its toll on the economic sector but also on the education sector. The social distancing norms that are in place as a direct response to the pandemic have turned conventional classroom teaching into a problematic minefield; as such, students all over the world have been forced into unprecedented situations that have served only to worsen the situation. The current pandemic has given rise to one of the worst crises the 21st Century has ever seen, resulting in a surge of unemployment. Many companies have taken the route of firing employees or making redundancies, as they cannot afford the monthly reimbursement for staff. While this issue primarily concerns full-time workers, it also carries significant consequences for students – a considerable number of students are required to earn their daily living costs, and, without a job, they cannot pay their educational fees, accommodation costs, or living expenses. This comprehensive study briefly discusses the multitude of problems faced by students in the UK regarding higher education, as a direct result of the coronavirus pandemic. It contains six individual sections: a detailed introduction; the methodological procedures employed; educational disruptions, covering issues from hindrances in field research to examinations and student evaluations; personal problems experienced by students, such as accommodation and loss of income; concerns arising from the global pandemic; and finally, a conclusion and summary of the study’s findings.
{"title":"Challenges Faced by UK University Students Due to the Coronavirus Crisis in the Higher Education","authors":"Siddharth Kulkarni, Parmjit Chima","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS202102.0192.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS202102.0192.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the worst catastrophes that we have faced globally in recent years. It has not only taken its toll on the economic sector but also on the education sector. The social distancing norms that are in place as a direct response to the pandemic have turned conventional classroom teaching into a problematic minefield; as such, students all over the world have been forced into unprecedented situations that have served only to worsen the situation. The current pandemic has given rise to one of the worst crises the 21st Century has ever seen, resulting in a surge of unemployment. Many companies have taken the route of firing employees or making redundancies, as they cannot afford the monthly reimbursement for staff. While this issue primarily concerns full-time workers, it also carries significant consequences for students – a considerable number of students are required to earn their daily living costs, and, without a job, they cannot pay their educational fees, accommodation costs, or living expenses. This comprehensive study briefly discusses the multitude of problems faced by students in the UK regarding higher education, as a direct result of the coronavirus pandemic. It contains six individual sections: a detailed introduction; the methodological procedures employed; educational disruptions, covering issues from hindrances in field research to examinations and student evaluations; personal problems experienced by students, such as accommodation and loss of income; concerns arising from the global pandemic; and finally, a conclusion and summary of the study’s findings.","PeriodicalId":90680,"journal":{"name":"PMSE preprints. American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. Meeting","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72411630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-16DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS201608.0073.V2
J. Martins, I. Trigo, Virgílio A. Bento, C. D. Camara
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is routinely retrieved from remote sensing instruments using semi-empirical relationships between top of atmosphere (TOA) radiances and LST, using ancillary data such as total column water vapor or emissivity. These algorithms are calibrated using a set of forward radiative transfer simulations that return the TOA radiances given the LST and the thermodynamic profiles. The simulations are done in order to cover a wide range of surface and atmospheric conditions and viewing geometries. This work analyses calibration strategies, considering some of the most critical factors that need to be taken into account when building a calibration dataset, covering the full dynamic range of relevant variables. A sensitivity analysis of split-windows and single channel algorithms revealed that selecting a set of atmospheric profiles that spans the full range of surface temperatures and total column water vapor combinations that are physically possible seems beneficial for the quality of the regression model. However, the calibration is extremely sensitive to the low-level structure of the atmosphere indicating that the presence of atmospheric boundary layer features such as temperature inversions or strong vertical gradients of thermodynamic properties may affect LST retrievals in a non-trivial way.
{"title":"A Physically-Constrained Calibration Database for Land Surface Temperature Using Infrared Retrieval Algorithms","authors":"J. Martins, I. Trigo, Virgílio A. Bento, C. D. Camara","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS201608.0073.V2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS201608.0073.V2","url":null,"abstract":"Land Surface Temperature (LST) is routinely retrieved from remote sensing instruments using semi-empirical relationships between top of atmosphere (TOA) radiances and LST, using ancillary data such as total column water vapor or emissivity. These algorithms are calibrated using a set of forward radiative transfer simulations that return the TOA radiances given the LST and the thermodynamic profiles. The simulations are done in order to cover a wide range of surface and atmospheric conditions and viewing geometries. This work analyses calibration strategies, considering some of the most critical factors that need to be taken into account when building a calibration dataset, covering the full dynamic range of relevant variables. A sensitivity analysis of split-windows and single channel algorithms revealed that selecting a set of atmospheric profiles that spans the full range of surface temperatures and total column water vapor combinations that are physically possible seems beneficial for the quality of the regression model. However, the calibration is extremely sensitive to the low-level structure of the atmosphere indicating that the presence of atmospheric boundary layer features such as temperature inversions or strong vertical gradients of thermodynamic properties may affect LST retrievals in a non-trivial way.","PeriodicalId":90680,"journal":{"name":"PMSE preprints. American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. Meeting","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77222627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-11DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS201608.0119.V1
Sobhi M. Gomha, N. A. Kheder, Mohamad R. Abdelaziz, Y. Mabkhot
A novel series of thiazole based-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were designed and prepared via the reaction of the 2-(4-methyl-2-phenylthiazole-5-carbonyl)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide with the appropriate hydrazonoyl chlorides. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established based on spectroscopic evidences and their alternative syntheses. Thirteen new 1,3,4-thiadiazoles have been evaluated for their anticancer activity against liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Also, their structure activity relationship (SAR) was studied. The 1,3,4-thiadiazoles 12d, 12c, 6g,18b, 6c, and 6f(IC50 = 0.82, 0.91, 1.06, 1.25, 1.29 and 1.88 µM, respectively) have promising antitumor activity against liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2).
以2-(4-甲基-2-苯基噻唑-5-羰基)- n -苯肼碳硫酰胺为原料，与合适的肼酰氯反应，设计并制备了一系列新的噻唑基1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物。根据光谱证据和它们的替代合成确定了新合成化合物的结构。研究了13种新的1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物对肝癌细胞株HepG2的抗癌活性。并对它们的构效关系进行了研究。1,3,4-噻二唑12d、12c、6g、18b、6c和6f(IC50分别为0.82、0.91、1.06、1.25、1.29和1.88µM)对肝癌细胞株HepG2具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。
{"title":"A Novel Series of Thiazoles and 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles Bearing Thiazole Moiety as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Spectral Studies, Biological Evaluation and Structure Activity relationship","authors":"Sobhi M. Gomha, N. A. Kheder, Mohamad R. Abdelaziz, Y. Mabkhot","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS201608.0119.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS201608.0119.V1","url":null,"abstract":"A novel series of thiazole based-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were designed and prepared via the reaction of the 2-(4-methyl-2-phenylthiazole-5-carbonyl)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide with the appropriate hydrazonoyl chlorides. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established based on spectroscopic evidences and their alternative syntheses. Thirteen new 1,3,4-thiadiazoles have been evaluated for their anticancer activity against liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Also, their structure activity relationship (SAR) was studied. The 1,3,4-thiadiazoles 12d, 12c, 6g,18b, 6c, and 6f(IC50 = 0.82, 0.91, 1.06, 1.25, 1.29 and 1.88 µM, respectively) have promising antitumor activity against liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2).","PeriodicalId":90680,"journal":{"name":"PMSE preprints. American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. Meeting","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86746291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J M Antonucci, C H Davis, J Sun, J N R O'Donnell, D Skrtic
{"title":"Leachability and Cytotoxicity of an Experimental Polymeric ACP Composite.","authors":"J M Antonucci, C H Davis, J Sun, J N R O'Donnell, D Skrtic","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90680,"journal":{"name":"PMSE preprints. American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. Meeting","volume":"104 ","pages":"300-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4597784/pdf/nihms276211.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34078779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hardeep S Oberoi, Nataliya V Nukolova, Tatiana K Bronich
{"title":"Dichloro(1,2-Diaminocyclohexane)Platinum(II) (DACHPt) Loaded Polymer Micelles with Cross-Linked Core: Preparation and Characterization.","authors":"Hardeep S Oberoi, Nataliya V Nukolova, Tatiana K Bronich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90680,"journal":{"name":"PMSE preprints. American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. Meeting","volume":"104 ","pages":"630-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4184036/pdf/nihms309650.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32720755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James B Bennett, Amanda L Glover, David E Nikles, Jacqueline A Nikles, Christopher S Brazel
{"title":"Magnetothermally-triggered Drug Delivery Using Temperature-responsive Polymeric Micelles.","authors":"James B Bennett, Amanda L Glover, David E Nikles, Jacqueline A Nikles, Christopher S Brazel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90680,"journal":{"name":"PMSE preprints. American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering. Meeting","volume":"105 ","pages":"953-954"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4200480/pdf/nihms337358.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32759298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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