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A Two-Pass Exact Algorithm for Selection on Parallel Disk Systems. 并行磁盘系统的两步精确选择算法。
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISCC.2013.6755015
Tian Mi, Sanguthevar Rajasekaran

Numerous OLAP queries process selection operations of "top N", median, "top 5%", in data warehousing applications. Selection is a well-studied problem that has numerous applications in the management of data and databases since, typically, any complex data query can be reduced to a series of basic operations such as sorting and selection. The parallel selection has also become an important fundamental operation, especially after parallel databases were introduced. In this paper, we present a deterministic algorithm Recursive Sampling Selection (RSS) to solve the exact out-of-core selection problem, which we show needs no more than (2 + ε) passes (ε being a very small fraction). We have compared our RSS algorithm with two other algorithms in the literature, namely, the Deterministic Sampling Selection and QuickSelect on the Parallel Disks Systems. Our analysis shows that DSS is a (2 + ε)-pass algorithm when the total number of input elements N is a polynomial in the memory size M (i.e., N = Mc for some constant c). While, our proposed algorithm RSS runs in (2 + ε) passes without any assumptions. Experimental results indicate that both RSS and DSS outperform QuickSelect on the Parallel Disks Systems. Especially, the proposed algorithm RSS is more scalable and robust to handle big data when the input size is far greater than the core memory size, including the case of NMc .

在数据仓库应用程序中,许多OLAP查询处理“前N”、中位数、“前5%”的选择操作。选择是一个经过深入研究的问题,在数据和数据库管理中有许多应用,因为通常情况下,任何复杂的数据查询都可以简化为一系列基本操作,例如排序和选择。并行选择也成为一项重要的基础操作,尤其是在并行数据库被引入之后。本文提出了一种确定性算法递归抽样选择(RSS)来解决精确的出核选择问题,我们证明该算法不需要超过(2 + ε)次(ε是一个很小的分数)。我们将RSS算法与文献中的其他两种算法进行了比较,即并行磁盘系统上的确定性抽样选择和快速选择。我们的分析表明,当输入元素总数N是内存大小M的多项式时(即对于某个常数c, N = Mc), DSS是一个(2 + ε)-pass算法。而我们提出的算法RSS运行在(2 + ε) pass时,没有任何假设。实验结果表明,RSS和DSS在并行磁盘系统上的性能都优于QuickSelect。特别是在输入大小远远大于核心内存大小的情况下,包括N比Mc的情况下,RSS算法在处理大数据时具有更强的可扩展性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 1
Trellis-coded M-ary orthogonal modulation 格子编码m正交调制
Pub Date : 1995-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/SCAC.1995.523689
H. Kim
We have introduced the trellis-coded M-ary (M=32) 4-dimensional (4-D) orthogonal modulation scheme. Here, a rate 4/5 convolutional encoder generates one of 32 possible symbols every T seconds. Then the signal mapping for 32 symbols is performed by a M-ary 4-D orthogonal modulator. The M-ary 4-D modulator employs the vectors which is derived by the optimization technique of signal waveforms in a 4-D sphere. The technique is used in maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between a set of signal points on a multidimensional sphere. After combining coding with M-ary 4-D modulation, we have obtained a considerable improvement in the free minimum distance of the system. The new system achieves asymptotic coding gains up to 6.4 dB over the uncoded two-independent QPSK scheme and 3.4 dB over the two-independent 2-D TCM scheme.
我们介绍了栅格编码的M-ary (M=32)四维正交调制方案。这里,一个速率为4/5的卷积编码器每T秒生成32个可能符号中的一个。然后用m - 1 - d正交调制器对32个符号进行信号映射。矩阵四维调制器采用四维球面信号波形优化技术得到的矢量。该技术用于最大化多维球面上一组信号点之间的最小欧几里得距离。将编码与M-ary 4-D调制相结合后,系统的自由最小距离有了较大的提高。与未编码的两独立QPSK方案相比,新系统的渐近编码增益可达6.4 dB,与两独立二维TCM方案相比,增益可达3.4 dB。
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引用次数: 1
Object oriented network operation, administration and management 面向对象的网络操作、管理和管理
Pub Date : 1995-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/SCAC.1995.523646
C. Kroll
The rapid increase of communication networks complexity force to the need of a common information pool for network operation, administration and management. Siemens Austria developed a network management information system in cooperation and under supervision of ESA. The resulting system based on object oriented techniques provides a powerful tool for network control and coordination in every day use. This paper focuses on the design and implementation process of the project.
通信网络复杂性的迅速增加,迫使人们需要一个共同的信息池来进行网络运营、管理和管理。西门子奥地利公司在欧空局的合作和监督下开发了一个网络管理信息系统。该系统基于面向对象技术,为日常使用中的网络控制和协调提供了一个强大的工具。本文重点介绍了项目的设计与实施过程。
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引用次数: 2
Hardware/software fault tolerance with multiple task modular redundancy 硬件/软件容错,多任务模块化冗余
Pub Date : 1995-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/SCAC.1995.523663
C. Fuhrman, S. Chutani, H. Nussbaumer
N-modular redundancy (NMR) and N-version programming (NVP) are two popular fault tolerance techniques in which hardware and software redundancy is exploited to mask faults. Redundant hardware is used to improve fault tolerance rather than throughput. We introduce a scheme for combined hardware-software fault tolerance derived from NMR and NVP that shows how redundancy can also be used to improve throughput by grouping the execution of several tasks. Our scheme uses a dynamic task allocation algorithm with an optimistic execution policy where the number of task executions is kept close to the minimum required to produce fault-free results. For equivalent hardware and software resources, the proposed method is 50% to 100% more efficient in terms of throughput and latency.
n模块冗余(NMR)和n版本编程(NVP)是两种流行的容错技术,它们利用硬件和软件冗余来掩盖故障。冗余硬件用于提高容错性,而不是吞吐量。我们介绍了一种基于NMR和NVP的软硬件容错组合方案,该方案展示了冗余如何通过对多个任务的执行进行分组来提高吞吐量。我们的方案使用具有乐观执行策略的动态任务分配算法,其中任务执行的数量保持在产生无故障结果所需的最小值附近。对于同等的硬件和软件资源,所提出的方法在吞吐量和延迟方面的效率提高了50%到100%。
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引用次数: 12
A parallel one dimensional resampling algorithm 一种并行一维重采样算法
Pub Date : 1995-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/SCAC.1995.523678
H. Sueyllam, M. A. Ismail, K. M. Ahmed
Separable algorithms are useful in casting image warping into a framework that is amenable to hardware implementation. Growing interest in this area has gained impetus from the widespread proliferation of advanced workstations and digital signal processors. Examples include realtime hardware for video effects among others. The central benefit of separable algorithms is the reduction in complexity of one dimensional resampling algorithms. When the input is restricted to be one-dimensional, efficient solutions are made possible for the image reconstruction and antialiasing components of resampling. Fant (1986) presented such a solution that is well suited for hardware implementation. Fant's algorithm, however, is inherently serial. We present an alternative but equivalent (in the sense of producing exactly the same output scan lines) algorithm, that is parallel. The new algorithm was inspired by Wolberg's algorithm (1990). The new algorithm adds some overhead to the hardware implementation of Fant's algorithm to be able to achieve parallelism.
可分离算法在将图像变形转换成一个适合硬件实现的框架时非常有用。由于先进工作站和数字信号处理器的广泛普及,人们对这一领域的兴趣日益浓厚。例子包括用于视频效果的实时硬件。可分离算法的主要优点是降低了一维重采样算法的复杂性。当输入被限制为一维时,重采样的图像重建和抗混叠组件的有效解决方案成为可能。Fant(1986)提出了这样一个非常适合硬件实现的解决方案。然而,范特的算法本质上是串行的。我们提出了一种替代但等效的(在产生完全相同的输出扫描线的意义上)算法,即并行。新算法的灵感来源于Wolberg算法(1990)。为了实现并行性,新算法在Fant算法的硬件实现上增加了一些开销。
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引用次数: 1
Network outage impact measures for telecommunications 电信网络中断影响措施
Pub Date : 1995-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/SCAC.1995.523656
E. S. Tollar, J. M. Bennett
Standard measures do not adequately reflect the importance of the very large and significant outages that can now occur in the modern telecommunications networks. The impact measure developed originally at Bellcore that is the basis for the new T1A1 measure of network performance is described. We assumed a useful impact measure must: (a) appropriately order a set of outages by the severity of the outages, and (b) allow for meaningful comparisons of network performance on a yearly or quarterly basis. Comparisons of the new impact measure to some standard measures of reliability illustrate that the new measure provides a significant improvement in the ability to assess the severity of individual outages, and the performance of the network over a given time period. Also provided are examples consistent with network performance which illustrate that the new impact measure is more consistent with the actual assessment of the network performance than other proposed measures of reliability.
标准措施不能充分反映现代电信网络中现在可能发生的非常大的和严重的中断的重要性。本文描述了最初由Bellcore开发的影响度量,它是新的T1A1网络性能度量的基础。我们假设一个有用的影响度量必须:(a)根据中断的严重程度对一组中断进行适当排序,以及(b)允许每年或每季度对网络性能进行有意义的比较。将新的影响度量与一些标准的可靠性度量进行比较表明,新度量在评估单个中断的严重程度和给定时间段内网络性能的能力方面提供了显著的改进。还提供了与网络性能相一致的例子,说明新的影响度量比其他建议的可靠性度量更符合网络性能的实际评估。
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引用次数: 13
Fuzzy control of ABR traffic flow in ATM LANs ATM局域网中ABR流量的模糊控制
Pub Date : 1995-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/SCAC.1995.523671
Y. Sekercioglu, A. Pitsillides
High-speed LANs are beginning to migrate from shared media to switch based configurations (commonly based on ATM architectures). Because of the characteristics of ATM networks and nature of LAN traffic, there is a need for effective congestion control strategies to be developed in order to maintain the network utilization and throughput at optimum levels. We describe and report the simulation results of a novel congestion control strategy based on the principles of fuzzy logic control for the management of ABR traffic in ATM LANs. We propose that fuzzy logic control is an effective scheme for designing congestion control mechanisms in ATM LANs. Our simulations show that, proposed fuzzy backward congestion notification (FBCN) method is effective in minimizing cell losses at the switch queues and prevents time consuming packet retransmissions which can dramatically degrade the network throughput.
高速局域网开始从共享媒体迁移到基于交换机的配置(通常基于ATM架构)。由于ATM网络的特点和局域网业务的性质,需要开发有效的拥塞控制策略,以使网络利用率和吞吐量保持在最佳水平。本文描述并报告了一种基于模糊逻辑控制原理的用于ATM局域网中ABR流量管理的拥塞控制策略的仿真结果。本文提出模糊逻辑控制是设计ATM局域网中拥塞控制机制的有效方案。仿真结果表明,所提出的模糊后向拥塞通知(FBCN)方法可以有效地减少交换机队列上的单元损失,并防止费时的数据包重传,从而显著降低网络吞吐量。
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引用次数: 5
Bandwidth allocation for interconnecting LAN/MANs and ATM networks 局域网/城域网和ATM网络互连的带宽分配
Pub Date : 1995-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/SCAC.1995.523642
E. Chan, J. M. Ng, V. Lee, M. Chan, Chan-Hee Lee
The use of ATM networks in interconnecting LANs and MANs results in a bandwidth allocation problem due to the connectionless nature of most LAN/MAN traffic. A well known scheme is to use bandwidth advertising in which available bandwidth is broadcast to allow for users contention. This paper presents an enhancement over the basic scheme that will improve the burst loss rate significantly at high network loads.
由于大多数LAN/MAN流量的无连接特性,在局域网和城域网互连中使用ATM网络会导致带宽分配问题。一个众所周知的方案是使用带宽广告,其中广播可用带宽以允许用户争用。本文在基本方案的基础上提出了一种改进方案,可在高网络负载下显著提高突发损失率。
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引用次数: 3
On the implementation of a prototype for performance management services 关于性能管理服务原型的实现
Pub Date : 1995-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/SCAC.1995.523647
T. Apostolopoulos, V. C. Daskalou
This paper presents a prototype for management services which enables the performance monitoring and control of resources in a TCP/IP network. A time reference information model required to accomplish the different needs of performance management functions, is also described. This temporal model can be used not only to provide a diachronic view of the management information, but also to define a set of measures needed to observe the performance of network elements. The performance management application is implemented using a distributed architecture. It provides facilities to dynamically create aggregate managed objects, to collect the management information and to store the collected data in a database. The database schema is designed to follow the proposed time reference information model and also the structure of the MIB. Finally, the architecture of the prototype and the supported facilities are also illustrated in this paper.
本文提出了一个管理服务的原型,实现了TCP/IP网络中资源的性能监控和控制。本文还描述了实现不同性能管理功能所需的时间参考信息模型。这个时间模型不仅可以用来提供管理信息的历时视图,还可以用来定义一组观察网络元素性能所需的度量。性能管理应用程序是使用分布式架构实现的。它提供了动态创建聚合管理对象、收集管理信息和将收集到的数据存储在数据库中的功能。该数据库模式遵循所提出的时间参考信息模型和MIB的结构。最后,对样机的结构和所支持的功能进行了说明。
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引用次数: 6
FRMA: a new high-speed metropolitan and local area network protocol FRMA:一种新的高速城域网和局域网协议
Pub Date : 1995-06-27 DOI: 10.1109/SCAC.1995.523669
M. Hamdi, Lixin Wang
Multimedia services, teleconferencing, high performance visualization, and distributed supercomputing are expected to accelerate the demand for high-speed local and metropolitan area networks (LAN/MANs). In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol, called fast reservation multiple access (FRMA), which is suitable for a folded bus high-speed MANs and LANs. Its main feature is a sample and fast reservation technique that allow stations to reserve transmission slots. The goal of the reservation is to maximize the throughput of the system and to ensure fairness among the attached stations. A complete description of the FRMA protocol and the associated nodes are given. Then, we show the performance of FRMA as a function of its throughput, mean delays, and fairness using simulation results. Our protocol is shown to achieve high throughput and small transmission delays while preserving the fairness of the whole network. Thus, the FRMA protocol seem to be an appropriate choice for future generation high-speed MANs and LANs.
多媒体服务、电话会议、高性能可视化和分布式超级计算预计将加速对高速局域网和城域网(LAN/MANs)的需求。本文提出了一种新的MAC协议——快速预约多址(FRMA),它适用于折叠总线高速城域网和局域网。它的主要特点是采样和快速保留技术,允许电台保留传输时段。预留的目标是使系统的吞吐量最大化,并确保附属站点之间的公平性。给出了FRMA协议和相关节点的完整描述。然后,我们用仿真结果展示了FRMA的性能是其吞吐量、平均延迟和公平性的函数。该协议在保证整个网络的公平性的同时,实现了高吞吐量和小传输延迟。因此,FRMA协议似乎是未来一代高速城域网和局域网的合适选择。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Proceedings. IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications
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