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Lipoprotein(a) is a Prevalent yet Vastly Underrecognized Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. 脂蛋白(a)是一种普遍存在的心血管疾病风险因素,但人们对它的认识却远远不够。
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-12
Jacob Rendler, Mia Murphy, Calvin Yeang
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pregnant Mothers towards Preventions of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Ethiopia: Institutional Based Cross Sectional Study 埃塞俄比亚孕妇预防缺铁性贫血的知识、态度和实践:基于机构的横断面研究
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPHS.V8I2.19190
A. Abdu, Arif H. Hussein
Background: low maternal risk perception, poor dietary practice and low adherence to iron tablets among pregnant women are major contributors for higher burden of anemia. Thus the level of maternal awareness and attitude towards dietary and other prevention practices of anemia are not well established in the study area. Objectives: to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant mother towards the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: this is institutional based cross sectionals study conducted on randomly selected, 128 pregnant mothers attending antenatal care service in Harar town.  Data was collected by health professionals using pre tested questionnaire containing socio demographic, knowledge, attitude and practice related questions. Good and poor knowledge was scored by coding the correct answers as one. Attitude questions were organized in five likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree using positive statements. Similarly practices were assessed in yes/no (appropriate practices were scored as yes or no otherwise). The three indicators were transformed in to categories using the mea score as cut off point. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 using frequency, tables, graphs and means. Pearson correlation with r was used to assess the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice. ANOVA was used to compare the mean practice by different factors. Results: total of 128 mothers were interviewed with mean age of 26.3 (SD = 5.8 years). Overall, 61% (95% CI: 52.6% to 69.5%) of pregnant women had a good knowledge on prevention methods of IDA. More than half, 52.3% (95% CI: 43.7% to 61.0%) had favorable attitude towards prevention of IDA. While majority of pregnant women, 58.6% (95% CI: 50.1% to 67.1%) had poor adherence to prevention practice of IDA. Conclusion and Recommendations: Knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women on preventions of IDA are not satisfactory. Thus poor practice towards prevention of IDA are the main contributing factor for high burden of anemia. Generally there should be focused, simple, easy to understand and customer friendly counseling service at ANC facilities. Key words: Iron Deficiency anemia (IDA), Prevention, Knowledge, attitude and Practices
背景:孕妇风险认知低、饮食习惯不良和铁片依从性低是贫血负担加重的主要原因。因此,在研究地区,产妇对饮食和其他预防贫血做法的认识和态度水平尚未得到很好的确定。目的:了解2018年埃塞俄比亚孕妇预防缺铁性贫血的知识、态度和行为。方法:这是一项基于机构的横断面研究,对随机选择的128名在哈拉尔镇接受产前保健服务的孕妇进行研究。数据由卫生专业人员使用预先测试的问卷收集,其中包含社会人口、知识、态度和实践相关问题。好的和不好的知识是通过将正确的答案编码为一个来打分的。态度问题被分为五个李克特量表,从非常不同意到非常同意,使用积极的陈述。类似的实践也被评估为是/否(适当的实践被评分为是或否)。以平均分作为分界点,将三个指标进行分类。数据分析采用SPSS version 20,采用频率、表、图、均值等方法。运用Pearson与r的相关来评估知识、态度与实践之间的关系。采用方差分析比较不同因素的平均实践。结果:共访谈128位母亲,平均年龄26.3岁(SD = 5.8岁)。总体而言,61% (95% CI: 52.6% ~ 69.5%)的孕妇对IDA的预防方法有良好的了解。超过一半(52.3%)的人(95% CI: 43.7% ~ 61.0%)对IDA的预防持积极态度。而大多数孕妇,58.6% (95% CI: 50.1%至67.1%)对IDA预防实践的依从性较差。结论与建议:孕妇对IDA的预防知识、态度和行为不尽如人意。因此,预防IDA的不良做法是造成贫血高负担的主要因素。一般来说,ANC设施应该有重点,简单,易于理解和客户友好的咨询服务。关键词:缺铁性贫血;预防;知识、态度与实践
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引用次数: 9
Is There A Right To Healthcare? 是否有获得医疗保健的权利?
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2375-4273.19.07.240
Olivia Bouquet, Fnp-Bc
Is healthcare a right? Many controversies over healthcare have been present in the media lately. Passage of the affordable care act (ACA) also known as Obama care in March 2010 focused on cost and access, intended to be the solution to years, decades, of healthcare discrepancies. It offered healthcare to all at affordable prices and penalized citizens who did not carry health insurance. The problem is that ACA is only affordable if you can afford it and no one should have to decide between debt and health. Bioethical principles govern healthcare, as an advanced practice nurse, a delicate relationship between the principles must be maintained, therefore, consideration must be given as of how each bioethical principle is affected by the right to healthcare. Healthcare is a right and a necessity of every American citizen, but not only the right to healthcare is important, also the right healthcare needs to be provided; with the ultimate goal of decreasing health disparities and improving the population health.
医疗保健是一种权利吗?最近媒体上出现了许多关于医疗保健的争议。平价医疗法案(ACA)也被称为奥巴马医改,于2010年3月通过,重点关注成本和可及性,旨在解决多年、数十年的医疗差异问题。它以可承受的价格向所有人提供医疗保健,并惩罚没有购买医疗保险的公民。问题在于,ACA只有在你负担得起的情况下才能负担得起,没有人应该在债务和健康之间做出选择。生物伦理原则管理医疗保健,作为一名高级执业护士,必须保持原则之间的微妙关系,因此,必须考虑到每一项生物伦理原则是如何受到医疗保健权的影响的。医疗保健是每个美国公民的一项权利和必需品,但不仅医疗保健权很重要,还需要提供正确的医疗保健;其最终目标是减少健康差距,改善人口健康。
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引用次数: 0
A Research Study Review of Effectiveness of Treatments for Psychiatric Conditions Common to End-Stage Cancer Patients: Needs Assessment for Future Research and an Impassioned Plea - A Commentary and Controversy 对晚期癌症患者常见精神疾病治疗有效性的研究综述:对未来研究的需求评估和一项慷慨的请求-评论和争议
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2375-4273.19.07.237
R. Johnson
End stage cancer involves particular psychiatric conditions and their treatments that have varying degrees of effectiveness. This Commentary article covers a recent comprehensive and detailed literature review research study report centered on treatment effectiveness that also includes a methodological controversy and its resolution in which the study was involved. The resolution of this methodological controversy and mixed-method approach has far reaching implications for how these kind of studies are conducted in the future, which have substantial power to inform mental health administration and policy making. This commentary also reviews important highlights from the studies’ conclusions.
晚期癌症涉及特殊的精神疾病及其治疗方法,其有效性程度各不相同。这篇评论文章涵盖了最近一篇全面而详细的文献综述研究报告,该报告以治疗有效性为中心,其中还包括研究涉及的方法争议及其解决方案。解决这种方法上的争议和混合方法对未来如何进行这类研究具有深远的影响,这对心理健康管理和政策制定具有重要的影响。本评论还回顾了研究结论中的重要亮点。
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引用次数: 0
Situation Analysis of Health Care System of Pakistan: Post 18 Amendments 巴基斯坦卫生保健制度的现状分析:后18修正案
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2375-4273.19.07.244
S. Khan
Objective of the study: The aim of this paper is to highlight the actions taken by the government in various health performance system domains post 18th Amendment. Methodology: Health system performance domains were identified through the websites of WHO and Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of WHO (EMRO). Then the actions required in various health system performance domains were identified and the literature related to health system performance domains and 18th Amendment was reviewed through electronic databases and health care acts and related bills of each province. Inter-provincial analysis was done analyzing the vision, mission, aims and objectives of each and every provincial healthcare commission along with the monitoring and evaluation, licensing, governance and complaint systems provided on the respective databases of each province. Results: This will surely help in attaining the access, quality and equity to health care services. Conclusion: The health system is in process of regeneration, with provincial empowerment in the country’s federal system. While 18th Constitutional Amendment has created opportunities as well challenges, but the possible way forward to improve health sector is improving the governance system.
研究目的:本文的目的是强调第18条修正案后政府在各个卫生绩效体系领域所采取的行动。方法:通过世卫组织和世卫组织东地中海区域办事处的网站确定卫生系统绩效领域。然后,通过电子数据库和各省的卫生保健法案和相关法案,确定了卫生系统各个绩效领域所需采取的行动,并审查了与卫生系统绩效领域和第18修正案相关的文献。跨省分析分析了各省卫生保健委员会的愿景、使命、目标和目标,以及各省各自数据库中提供的监测和评估、许可、治理和投诉系统。结果:这将有助于实现卫生保健服务的可及性、质量和公平性。结论:卫生系统正处于再生过程中,各省在国家联邦系统中获得授权。虽然第18条宪法修正案创造了机遇和挑战,但改善卫生部门的可能途径是改善治理体系。
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引用次数: 25
Role of Epigenetic Modification, Epigenetic Biomarkers and Dietary Supplements in Neurodegenerative Diseases 表观遗传修饰、表观遗传生物标志物和膳食补充剂在神经退行性疾病中的作用
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2375-4273.19.07.242
Faiza Naseer
Neurodegenerative diseases are outcome of epigenetic modification and environmental factors. With the age, due to epimutation neural cell get harm and affect the cognitive function. Epigenetic biomarkers such as DNA methylation, histone modification and miRNA alter the genes functions, involved in many cellular processes. Early detection of these biomarkers help in early diagnosis of diseases. In this article we have focus on how epigenetic alteration affects the expression of genes and epigenetic biomarkers help in earlier diagnosis. We also have focus on dietary supplements which help in slowing the progression of disease.
神经退行性疾病是表观遗传修饰和环境因素共同作用的结果。随着年龄的增长,神经细胞受到损伤,影响认知功能。表观遗传生物标志物如DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNA改变基因功能,参与许多细胞过程。这些生物标志物的早期检测有助于疾病的早期诊断。在这篇文章中,我们关注的是表观遗传改变如何影响基因的表达和表观遗传生物标志物在早期诊断中的帮助。我们也关注有助于减缓疾病进展的膳食补充剂。
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引用次数: 0
Health Care System Financing and Accessibility in the United States vs. Australia 美国与澳大利亚的医疗保健系统融资和可及性
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2375-4273.19.07.241
Haitham Mohammed
A comparison between health care system financing and accessibility in Australia and the United States, followed by focus on some disadvantaged groups in the United States, namely the AMESH, black Americans, Hispanics, and native Americans, and how two major problems of the American health care system, which are accessibility, and affordability affecting the health status of these marginalized groups.
比较了澳大利亚和美国的医疗保健系统融资和可及性,然后重点研究了美国的一些弱势群体,即AMESH、美国黑人、西班牙裔和美国原住民,以及美国医疗保健系统的可及性和可负担性两大问题如何影响这些边缘群体的健康状况。
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引用次数: 0
Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Case Report 格林-巴利综合征1例报告
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2375-4273.19.07.246
N. Mustafa, Hajra Sarwer, Muhammad Afzal, M. Arif
Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is acute onset. It is auto immune mediated neuropathy. Nutrition play important role in GBS patients. GBS is no traumatic disorder. It is paralytic diseases in developing countries. The auto antibodies are present against the various antigens in peripheral regions. The occurrence of this disease is very rare. The incidence of the GBS is 0.4 to 1.7 per million people per year. GBS have subtypes acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), and ADIP acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. A 12 years old male patient admitted in Government hospital with the complaint of inability to walk and stand. His lower extremities become weak. He cannot stand up and he was unable to walk. After hospitalization treatment given to patient after few days he was discharged. He referred to nutritional support. A team gives him medical therapy. After labs and blood tests, the result is obtained GBS positive. A significant result obtained than it would be treated. GBS is very rare disease. The diagnosis is very difficult. In this condition the patient progressively weak their extremities. The disorder in limbs weakness increase day by day.
格林-巴利综合征(GBS)为急性发病。这是一种自身免疫介导的神经病。营养在GBS患者中起重要作用。GBS不是创伤性障碍。它是发展中国家的麻痹性疾病。自身抗体在外周区域针对各种抗原存在。这种病的发生很罕见。GBS的发病率为每年每百万人0.4至1.7人。GBS有急性运动轴索神经病(AMAN)和急性炎性脱髓鞘多神经病变(ADIP)亚型。一名十二岁男病人因不能行走及站立而入住政府医院。他的下肢变得虚弱。他不能站起来,也不能走路。病人住院治疗几天后出院。他提到了营养支持。一个小组给他进行药物治疗。经化验及血液检查,结果为GBS阳性。得到了比处理结果更重要的结果。GBS是一种非常罕见的疾病。诊断非常困难。在这种情况下,病人的四肢逐渐衰弱。四肢无力的病症日益增多。
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引用次数: 1
Health Reform as Political Instrument: Achieving Universal Health Coverage 作为政治工具的医疗改革:实现全民健康覆盖
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2375-4273.19.07.239
Tabish Sa
India constitutes nearly one-fifth of the world’s population. People living in different parts of the country and states differ in their ethnic origin, culture, religious beliefs and other ways that influence their health status. An effective and efficient health care delivery system is indispensable. India has to focus on ever-evolving healthcare needs of its population. Affordability of quality care is a major issue. In India a large number of people still live below poverty line, the affordability of quality care needs to be addressed. With the rise in awareness, affordability and lifestyle diseases, healthcare is one of the essential needs of the nation. Launching of National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS) is a step in the right direction. The NHPS will be effective from 25 September 2018 as a political instrument towards achieving Universal Health Coverage. This is the world’s largest health insurance scheme covering nearly 40 percent of India’s population. Its success will depend on how well the plan is defined and implemented on the ground level. Primary care has to make affordable and accessible to all. It will improve the wellness of the population and reduce the overall cost to the exchequer. Interdisciplinary approach to healthcare underscores the importance of applying integrative strategies to the practice of health sciences. Continued progress and a large public-sector role in health systems reform are crucial. If effectively implemented, the NHPS is expected to make a substantial difference in the Indian health care system over the next decade. Being the largest health insurance plan, from a global perspective, its vision is to cover 50 crore poor and vulnerable beneficiaries.
印度人口占世界人口的近五分之一。生活在该国不同地区和各州的人们在种族、文化、宗教信仰和影响其健康状况的其他方面存在差异。一个有效和高效的卫生保健提供系统是必不可少的。印度必须关注其人口不断变化的医疗保健需求。高质量医疗的可负担性是一个主要问题。在印度,许多人仍然生活在贫困线以下,需要解决高质量护理的可负担性问题。随着意识的提高,负担能力和生活方式疾病的增加,医疗保健是国家的基本需求之一。启动国家健康保护计划是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。国家卫生保健计划将于2018年9月25日起生效,作为实现全民健康覆盖的一项政治工具。这是世界上最大的医疗保险计划,覆盖了印度近40%的人口。它的成功将取决于该计划在基层的定义和执行情况。初级保健必须使所有人都能负担得起并获得。这将提高人民的健康水平,减少财政的总成本。跨学科的保健方法强调了将综合战略应用于健康科学实践的重要性。持续的进展和公共部门在卫生系统改革中的重要作用至关重要。如果有效实施,国家卫生服务计划有望在未来十年对印度卫生保健系统产生重大影响。从全球角度来看,作为最大的健康保险计划,其愿景是覆盖5亿贫困和弱势受益者。
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引用次数: 0
Getting on the Bandwagon of Innovative Point-of-Care Diagnostic Devices to Boost Primary Healthcare in India: A Short Critique and Way Forward 跟上创新的即时诊断设备的潮流,以促进印度的初级卫生保健:简短的批评和前进的道路
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2375-4273.19.07.243
A. V. Rinkoo, An, Kumar Panjiyar, Arnika Sharma, Dinesh Songara, R. Singh, Dipanjan Sujit Roy, R. Srivastava
This short critique aims to share the evolving regulatory environment and compliance challenges that innovators, nanotechnologists, and public health enthusiasts in India ought to keep in mind before hopping on the bandwagon of innovative point-of-care diagnostic devices in the primary healthcare space. More significantly, the priority-setting approach suggested by the authors needs to be adapted through iterative practice and refinement in order to identify innovative point-of-care diagnostic devices that can eventually raise the quality and cost-effectiveness of healthcare provisions at the last-mile.
这篇简短的评论旨在分享印度的创新者、纳米技术专家和公共卫生爱好者在加入初级卫生保健领域创新的即时诊断设备的潮流之前应该牢记的不断变化的监管环境和合规挑战。更重要的是,作者建议的优先级设置方法需要通过反复实践和改进来适应,以确定创新的护理点诊断设备,最终可以提高最后一英里医疗保健服务的质量和成本效益。
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引用次数: 2
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Health care. Current reviews
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