Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.2174/1874220301906010026
K. Nadarajah, A. Khan, I. Ali, R. A. Aftab, Imam H. Shaik
The aim of the current manuscript is to determine the association between gender differences and drug-induced hepatotoxicity among patients receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy and to determine the outcome of the treatment. A retrospective observational study was conducted among tuberculosis patients at Respiratory Clinic of Penang General Hospital (PGH) and Bukit Mertajam Hospital. A validated data collection instrument was used to collect patients’ demographic and clinical data confirmation of drug induced hepatotoxicity among tuberculosis patients was based on biochemical criteria which included 3 fold increase in liver enzymes in response to anti TB medication. All results were analyzed through SPSS version 20. The study subjects were predominantly males 146 (76.8%) than females 44 (23.2%). Drug-induced hepatotoxicity with anti-tuberculosis drugs was observed the most among Chinese 90 (47%) ethnicity. Eighty-five (72%) male and 33 female (28%) tuberculosis drug-induced (TB-DIH) patients had a successful treatment outcome. Female patients had a statistically significant positive association with successful TB-DIH treatment outcomes (OR=1.83, 0.988-3.390 95%CI). Upon multivariate analysis, Indian ethnicity (OR = 0.173, p = 0.024), patients with relapse of Tuberculosis (TB) (OR= 0.332, p = 0.032) and Human Immune Virus (HIV) (OR= 0.217, p = 0.027) were less likely to have successful TB-DIH treatment outcomes. Female Tuberculosis Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity (TB DIH) patients were more likely to have successful treatment outcomes. A number of factors such as Indian ethnicity, patients with relapse of Tuberculosis (TB) and patients with Human Immune Virus (HIV) were less likely to have successful TB DIH treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Gender Differences and Treatment Outcome among Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity Tuberculosis Patients","authors":"K. Nadarajah, A. Khan, I. Ali, R. A. Aftab, Imam H. Shaik","doi":"10.2174/1874220301906010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301906010026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The aim of the current manuscript is to determine the association between gender differences and drug-induced hepatotoxicity among patients receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy and to determine the outcome of the treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A retrospective observational study was conducted among tuberculosis patients at Respiratory Clinic of Penang General Hospital (PGH) and Bukit Mertajam Hospital. A validated data collection instrument was used to collect patients’ demographic and clinical data confirmation of drug induced hepatotoxicity among tuberculosis patients was based on biochemical criteria which included 3 fold increase in liver enzymes in response to anti TB medication. All results were analyzed through SPSS version 20.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study subjects were predominantly males 146 (76.8%) than females 44 (23.2%). Drug-induced hepatotoxicity with anti-tuberculosis drugs was observed the most among Chinese 90 (47%) ethnicity. Eighty-five (72%) male and 33 female (28%) tuberculosis drug-induced (TB-DIH) patients had a successful treatment outcome. Female patients had a statistically significant positive association with successful TB-DIH treatment outcomes (OR=1.83, 0.988-3.390 95%CI). Upon multivariate analysis, Indian ethnicity (OR = 0.173, p = 0.024), patients with relapse of Tuberculosis (TB) (OR= 0.332, p = 0.032) and Human Immune Virus (HIV) (OR= 0.217, p = 0.027) were less likely to have successful TB-DIH treatment outcomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Female Tuberculosis Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity (TB DIH) patients were more likely to have successful treatment outcomes. A number of factors such as Indian ethnicity, patients with relapse of Tuberculosis (TB) and patients with Human Immune Virus (HIV) were less likely to have successful TB DIH treatment outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45807809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.2174/1874220301906010013
Josep M. Bellmunt-Bardas, J. Pedro-botet, J. Chillarón, H. Lund-Palau, J. Caylà
Immigrants from countries with a high prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) may constitute a source of infection. The aim of the present study was to describe a Tuberculosis (TB) screening programme at a primary health care centre directed at immigrants from countries with a high prevalence of TB. This was a descriptive study conducted at a primary health centre in Barcelona between 2009 and 2012 for immigrants from countries with a TB incidence > 100/100,000. They were invited to join the TB detection programme on registering at the primary health care centre when a reference nurse conducted a survey on socio-health data, performed a Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and requested a chest X-ray. Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRA) were applied in individuals with positive TST or an abnormal X-ray. Ninety-one (70.5%) of 129 individuals, aged 29.8 ± 9.8 years, who entered the programme, were men, 60 (46.5%) were from Pakistan and 3 reported previous TB. Eighty-six (66.7%) immigrants completed the study protocol. Three cases (2.3%) of TB were diagnosed and 29 (30.5%) had latent TB infection. Seven chest X-rays yielded other non-TB radiological changes. This TB screening programme should aid early detection of TB and LTBI among immigrants from high-TB prevalence countries on first registering at the primary health care centre.
{"title":"A Pilot Programme for Tuberculosis Screening in Immigrants at Primary Care","authors":"Josep M. Bellmunt-Bardas, J. Pedro-botet, J. Chillarón, H. Lund-Palau, J. Caylà","doi":"10.2174/1874220301906010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301906010013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Immigrants from countries with a high prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) may constitute a source of infection.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the present study was to describe a Tuberculosis (TB) screening programme at a primary health care centre directed at immigrants from countries with a high prevalence of TB.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was a descriptive study conducted at a primary health centre in Barcelona between 2009 and 2012 for immigrants from countries with a TB incidence > 100/100,000. They were invited to join the TB detection programme on registering at the primary health care centre when a reference nurse conducted a survey on socio-health data, performed a Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and requested a chest X-ray. Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRA) were applied in individuals with positive TST or an abnormal X-ray.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ninety-one (70.5%) of 129 individuals, aged 29.8 ± 9.8 years, who entered the programme, were men, 60 (46.5%) were from Pakistan and 3 reported previous TB. Eighty-six (66.7%) immigrants completed the study protocol. Three cases (2.3%) of TB were diagnosed and 29 (30.5%) had latent TB infection. Seven chest X-rays yielded other non-TB radiological changes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This TB screening programme should aid early detection of TB and LTBI among immigrants from high-TB prevalence countries on first registering at the primary health care centre.\u0000","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43072920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.2174/1874220301906010006
P. Fedeli, N. Cannovo, Rosa Guarino, V. Graziano
Genetic research has become an indispensable instrument for medical research, and the subjects involved have both divergent and convergent interests.The possibility of having more detailed genetic information undoubtedly offers benefits for the health of the subject, but could also pose risks and make the subject vulnerable to discrimination.The scientific community has viewed very favorably the public health utility of family history, in which data from a family whose members suffer from chronic pathologies is collected and filed, in order to develop a sort of "stratification of family risk."Even though in the last decade the scientific and juridical literature has contributed greatly to the topic of biobanks, the perplexities that continue to surround this theme give the idea that current ethical protocols on research are inadequate.Genetic data must be used not to exploit, but to serve the person. Freedom and responsibility must be the twin guiding lights for establishing parameters for the use of biological samples. An evaluation of how this technology impacts the various aspects of the future of society is urgently needed.
{"title":"Informed Consent for Genetics Research in Italy","authors":"P. Fedeli, N. Cannovo, Rosa Guarino, V. Graziano","doi":"10.2174/1874220301906010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301906010006","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic research has become an indispensable instrument for medical research, and the subjects involved have both divergent and convergent interests.The possibility of having more detailed genetic information undoubtedly offers benefits for the health of the subject, but could also pose risks and make the subject vulnerable to discrimination.The scientific community has viewed very favorably the public health utility of family history, in which data from a family whose members suffer from chronic pathologies is collected and filed, in order to develop a sort of \"stratification of family risk.\"Even though in the last decade the scientific and juridical literature has contributed greatly to the topic of biobanks, the perplexities that continue to surround this theme give the idea that current ethical protocols on research are inadequate.Genetic data must be used not to exploit, but to serve the person. Freedom and responsibility must be the twin guiding lights for establishing parameters for the use of biological samples. An evaluation of how this technology impacts the various aspects of the future of society is urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-19DOI: 10.2174/1874220301906010001
R. Pal, Y. Pal, A. Wal, P. Wal
Plants act as a major source of medicines and are used to formulate various pharmaceutical preparations. Apart from this, they act as excellent pharmaceutical aids as well as excipients. An effort has been made for the complete study of plants under different categories of plant-based thickeners, emulsifiers, suspenders, binders, etc. The herbs were differentiated on the basis of their role as flavoring, sweetening, colouring, gelling, thickening, emulsifying, suspending and binding agents. The use of natural excipients to impart the goodness of natural bioactive agents has been hampered by synthetic materials. However, advantages offered by these natural excipients are enormous as being non-toxic, affordable and easily available. The activity of the excipients partly determines the quality of medicines. The herbal excipients act better in many ways when compared to their synthetic substitutes.
{"title":"Current Review on Plant based Pharmaceutical Excipients","authors":"R. Pal, Y. Pal, A. Wal, P. Wal","doi":"10.2174/1874220301906010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301906010001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Plants act as a major source of medicines and are used to formulate various pharmaceutical preparations. Apart from this, they act as excellent pharmaceutical aids as well as excipients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An effort has been made for the complete study of plants under different categories of plant-based thickeners, emulsifiers, suspenders, binders, etc.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The herbs were differentiated on the basis of their role as flavoring, sweetening, colouring, gelling, thickening, emulsifying, suspending and binding agents.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The use of natural excipients to impart the goodness of natural bioactive agents has been hampered by synthetic materials. However, advantages offered by these natural excipients are enormous as being non-toxic, affordable and easily available. The activity of the excipients partly determines the quality of medicines.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The herbal excipients act better in many ways when compared to their synthetic substitutes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44493575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2174/1874220301805010119
M. Mars, Zeineb Tbini, S. Gharbi, M. Bouaziz, F. Ladeb
Recently, several studies have shown that T2 and T2* MRI parametric mapping are sensitive to structural and biochemical changes in the extracellular cartilage matrix. The objective of this study was to assess, compare and correlate quantitative T2 and T2* relaxation time of the knee articular cartilage at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3 Tesla. Thirty-eight symptomatic patients with knee articular cartilage disease and forty-one asymptomatic volunteers were prospectively included in the study. Knee MRI examination was performed by 3 T and 1.5 T scanner. Multi-Echo Spin-Echo (MESE) and Multi-Echo Gradient Echo (MEGE) sequences were used to determine T2* and T2 maps. T2 and T2* relaxation times values were measured in three Regions Of Itnterest (ROI) on knee articular cartilage using mono-exponential analysis fitting algorithm. There was a significant difference between volunteers and patients for T2 and T2* relaxation times values at 1.5 T and 3 T (p<0.05). The comparison between magnetic fields has shown lower T2 and T2* relaxation times at 3 T compared to 1.5 T. Pearson’s correlation analysis between T2 and T2* at 1.5T revealed a significant positive correlation for volunteers (r=0.245, p = 0.01) and a significant negative correlation for patients (0.016, p = 0.018). At 3T, there was a significant positive correlation between T2 and T2* for volunteers (r=0.076) and patients (r=0.165). The correlation of T2 and T2* between 1.5 T and 3T showed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.087, p = 0.01). T2* mapping may be used for the diagnosis of knee articular cartilage osteoarthritis with the advantage of relatively short scanning time, higher SNR, shorter echo times and the non-effect of the stimulated echo compared to T2 mapping.
{"title":"T2 Versus T2* MRI Mapping in the Knee Articular Cartilage at 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla","authors":"M. Mars, Zeineb Tbini, S. Gharbi, M. Bouaziz, F. Ladeb","doi":"10.2174/1874220301805010119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301805010119","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Recently, several studies have shown that T2 and T2* MRI parametric mapping are sensitive to structural and biochemical changes in the extracellular cartilage matrix. The objective of this study was to assess, compare and correlate quantitative T2 and T2* relaxation time of the knee articular cartilage at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3 Tesla.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thirty-eight symptomatic patients with knee articular cartilage disease and forty-one asymptomatic volunteers were prospectively included in the study. Knee MRI examination was performed by 3 T and 1.5 T scanner. Multi-Echo Spin-Echo (MESE) and Multi-Echo Gradient Echo (MEGE) sequences were used to determine T2* and T2 maps. T2 and T2* relaxation times values were measured in three Regions Of Itnterest (ROI) on knee articular cartilage using mono-exponential analysis fitting algorithm.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a significant difference between volunteers and patients for T2 and T2* relaxation times values at 1.5 T and 3 T (p<0.05). The comparison between magnetic fields has shown lower T2 and T2* relaxation times at 3 T compared to 1.5 T. Pearson’s correlation analysis between T2 and T2* at 1.5T revealed a significant positive correlation for volunteers (r=0.245, p = 0.01) and a significant negative correlation for patients (0.016, p = 0.018). At 3T, there was a significant positive correlation between T2 and T2* for volunteers (r=0.076) and patients (r=0.165). The correlation of T2 and T2* between 1.5 T and 3T showed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.087, p = 0.01).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 T2* mapping may be used for the diagnosis of knee articular cartilage osteoarthritis with the advantage of relatively short scanning time, higher SNR, shorter echo times and the non-effect of the stimulated echo compared to T2 mapping.\u0000","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46353426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.2174/1874220301805010108
Rei Otsu, Y. Taniyama, Fumihiro Sanada, Jun Muratsu, Kana Shibata, Tatsuya Fujikawa, Kanako May Brule, H. Shimizu, H. Rakugi, R. Morishita
“Aldosterone breakthrough,” which is observed in patients receiving long term treatment with angiotensin blockade, is strongly associated with the increased risk of a declining glomerular filtration rate through the profibrotic actions of aldosterone. Sacubitril/valsartan is a newly created combination medicine (the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan and the neprilysin-inhibitor sacubitril). Therefore, sacubitril/valsartan should have additional organ-protective actions besides the angiotensin blockade. In this study, we examined the renal protective effect of sacubitril/valsartan in a salt-sensitive hypertension model using angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1aR) knockout mice. An oral administration of 1% NaCl solution with sacubitril/valsartan (30 or 60 mg/kg/day) or valsartan (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) alone beginning 7 days before administration of aldosterone was examined in an aldosterone infusion AT1R knockout mouse model as an aldosterone breakthrough model. A significant decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) was observed in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared to the valsartan group under low and high doses. In addition, the pathological analysis of the kidney for glomerular fibrosis by Sirius red staining and for injury by PAS staining demonstrated significant reductions accompanied by a significant reduction in TGF-β in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared to the valsartan group. Overall, sacubitril/valsartan, which has the dual actions of the AT1R blockade and neprilysin inhibition, may have additional clinical values for the treatment of hypertensive patients with aldosterone breakthrough.
{"title":"Inhibition of Renal Fibrosis and Glomerular Injury by Sacubitril/Valsartan, a Combination Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Neprilysin Inhibitor, in a Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Model Using Angiotensin 1 Receptor Knockout Mice: The Contribution of Non-Angiotensin Blocking Effects to Renal Protection","authors":"Rei Otsu, Y. Taniyama, Fumihiro Sanada, Jun Muratsu, Kana Shibata, Tatsuya Fujikawa, Kanako May Brule, H. Shimizu, H. Rakugi, R. Morishita","doi":"10.2174/1874220301805010108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301805010108","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 “Aldosterone breakthrough,” which is observed in patients receiving long term treatment with angiotensin blockade, is strongly associated with the increased risk of a declining glomerular filtration rate through the profibrotic actions of aldosterone. Sacubitril/valsartan is a newly created combination medicine (the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan and the neprilysin-inhibitor sacubitril). Therefore, sacubitril/valsartan should have additional organ-protective actions besides the angiotensin blockade.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, we examined the renal protective effect of sacubitril/valsartan in a salt-sensitive hypertension model using angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1aR) knockout mice. An oral administration of 1% NaCl solution with sacubitril/valsartan (30 or 60 mg/kg/day) or valsartan (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) alone beginning 7 days before administration of aldosterone was examined in an aldosterone infusion AT1R knockout mouse model as an aldosterone breakthrough model.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A significant decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) was observed in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared to the valsartan group under low and high doses. In addition, the pathological analysis of the kidney for glomerular fibrosis by Sirius red staining and for injury by PAS staining demonstrated significant reductions accompanied by a significant reduction in TGF-β in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared to the valsartan group. Overall, sacubitril/valsartan, which has the dual actions of the AT1R blockade and neprilysin inhibition, may have additional clinical values for the treatment of hypertensive patients with aldosterone breakthrough.\u0000","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47844382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.2174/1874220301805010093
Gardani Marco, Bertozzi Nicolò, G. Pio, P. Marianna, Simonacci Francesco, Santi Pier Luigi, Raposio Edoardo
Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) has gradually substituted mastectomy in the treatment of early-stage tumors. Indeed it ensures the same overall survival and better aesthetic results when followed post-operative radiotherapy. Nevertheless more than 20% excision of breast tissue, retro-areolar or lower pole cancer, and higer-sized breasts with ptosis, tend to result in aesthetically unpleasant results. Oncoplastic breast surgery finds its route into breast conserving surgery in the attempt to improve the aesthetic results while not compromising the oncologic ones.
{"title":"Oncoplastic Breast Surgery: A Review of Techniques Quadrant Per Quadrant","authors":"Gardani Marco, Bertozzi Nicolò, G. Pio, P. Marianna, Simonacci Francesco, Santi Pier Luigi, Raposio Edoardo","doi":"10.2174/1874220301805010093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301805010093","url":null,"abstract":"Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) has gradually substituted mastectomy in the treatment of early-stage tumors. Indeed it ensures the same overall survival and better aesthetic results when followed post-operative radiotherapy. Nevertheless more than 20% excision of breast tissue, retro-areolar or lower pole cancer, and higer-sized breasts with ptosis, tend to result in aesthetically unpleasant results. Oncoplastic breast surgery finds its route into breast conserving surgery in the attempt to improve the aesthetic results while not compromising the oncologic ones.","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46822616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-14DOI: 10.2174/1874220301805010084
F. Simonacci, N. Bertozzi, M. Pesce, P. Santi, E. Raposio
At the end of breast reconstruction, the creation of a natural-appearing areola is very important for patient satisfaction with the surgical result. The challenging aspects of achieving this include matching the color and texture as well as the size, shape, position, and projection of a normal areola, particularly in unilateral cases. The most common techniques that have been used to create a naturalistic nipple–areola complex have included skin grafting, tattooing, or a combination of both. Surgeons are finding that tattooing, the intradermal electric deposition of pigments, can be used to closely approximate natural areola pigmentation. Using the appropriate technique is essential as it is known that tattoo pigment fades over time and appears somewhat different after intradermal applied. Indeed, physicians’ experience and color selection greatly affect the aesthetic outcome. Skin grafting has long been used in nipple–areola reconstruction, and skin donor sites such as retro- auricular, inner thigh, labia minora and contralateral areola have been employed. The choice of donor site depends on different factors, including the presence of a healthy contralateral areola and the skin tone of the patient. In some cases, tattooing may be used in conjunction with grafting. Regardless of areolar reconstructive technique, medical pigmentation is becoming a preferred method of producing a more realistic-appearing breast, although periodic touch-ups may be required for optimal results.
{"title":"Areola Reconstruction: Principles and Techniques","authors":"F. Simonacci, N. Bertozzi, M. Pesce, P. Santi, E. Raposio","doi":"10.2174/1874220301805010084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301805010084","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of breast reconstruction, the creation of a natural-appearing areola is very important for patient satisfaction with the surgical result. The challenging aspects of achieving this include matching the color and texture as well as the size, shape, position, and projection of a normal areola, particularly in unilateral cases. The most common techniques that have been used to create a naturalistic nipple–areola complex have included skin grafting, tattooing, or a combination of both. Surgeons are finding that tattooing, the intradermal electric deposition of pigments, can be used to closely approximate natural areola pigmentation. Using the appropriate technique is essential as it is known that tattoo pigment fades over time and appears somewhat different after intradermal applied. Indeed, physicians’ experience and color selection greatly affect the aesthetic outcome. Skin grafting has long been used in nipple–areola reconstruction, and skin donor sites such as retro- auricular, inner thigh, labia minora and contralateral areola have been employed. The choice of donor site depends on different factors, including the presence of a healthy contralateral areola and the skin tone of the patient. In some cases, tattooing may be used in conjunction with grafting. Regardless of areolar reconstructive technique, medical pigmentation is becoming a preferred method of producing a more realistic-appearing breast, although periodic touch-ups may be required for optimal results.","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47556213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.2174/1874220301805010076
R. Pal, Y. Pal, P. Wal, A. Wal
Hingwashtak Churṇa is a polyherbal Ayurveda based classical formulation used to cure certain digestive disorders. We have attempted to prepare and standardize this preparation comparing it with standard preparation to ensure its quality. The current research was aimed at the preparation of Churna in house and to compare it with the marketed formulation on all the standard norms while standardizing it. The Churna was prepared in-house according to The Ayurvedic Formulary of India. The Churna was comparatively evaluated along with its marketed preparation based on the evaluation of external features, physical constants, and physico-chemical parameters. The scientific findings were found to be comparable and suitable enough for the evaluation of Churṇa. Ayurvedic medicine, HW has been standardized using the various parameters and can be incorporated while developing the pharmacopoeial standards.
{"title":"In house & Marketed Preparation of Hingwashtak Churna, A Polyherbal Formulation: Comparative Standardization and Measures","authors":"R. Pal, Y. Pal, P. Wal, A. Wal","doi":"10.2174/1874220301805010076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301805010076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Hingwashtak Churṇa is a polyherbal Ayurveda based classical formulation used to cure certain digestive disorders. We have attempted to prepare and standardize this preparation comparing it with standard preparation to ensure its quality.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The current research was aimed at the preparation of Churna in house and to compare it with the marketed formulation on all the standard norms while standardizing it.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Churna was prepared in-house according to The Ayurvedic Formulary of India. The Churna was comparatively evaluated along with its marketed preparation based on the evaluation of external features, physical constants, and physico-chemical parameters.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The scientific findings were found to be comparable and suitable enough for the evaluation of Churṇa.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ayurvedic medicine, HW has been standardized using the various parameters and can be incorporated while developing the pharmacopoeial standards.\u0000","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48207043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-18DOI: 10.2174/1874220301805010062
N. Bertozzi, F. Simonacci, M. Pesce, P. Santi, E. Raposio
Nipple-Areolar Complex (NAC) reconstruction represents the final, concluding journey of breast reconstruction by being able to give to reconstructed breasts the shape of a natural breast mound. Nevertheless an enormous amount of nipple reconstruction techniques are described in literature, given the fact that most reconstructive options fail to give satisfactory outcomes in relation to the long-term nipple projection. In this review, the authors will browse most common nipple reconstruction techniques, taking into account: Indication, outcome, and side effect. Composite nipple grafts, traditional flaps, flaps with autologous graft augmentation, flaps with allograft augmentation, and flaps with alloplastic augmentation are the main strategies employed nowadays. Composite nipple grafts give the best guarantee of color-texture match with the contralateral side and show satisfactory nipple projection even at long-term follow-up. Skate, star, C-V, and arrow flap are by far the most commonly employed and the most reliable local flaps, however loss of projection of up to 70 percent are reported in literature. Alloplastic grafts were associated with the lowest rates of projection loss followed by autologous and allogenic ones. Nevertheless allogenic grafts are also associated with the highest complication rate, while autologous and allogenic ones have similar rates. Infection, seroma, and fat necrosis are the more commonly reported complications of autologous grafting along with donor site morbidity, while allogenic and alloplastic augmentation grafts may also experience the risk of overcorrection and graft exposure. Given the numerous techniques described in literature it is clear that the ideal nipple reconstruction hasn’t been found yet. Whereas it should be chosen on case to case basis depending on type of mastectomy, radiotherapy, type of reconstruction, skin thickness, tissue condition, and patients’ expectations to ensure the best cosmetic outcome.
{"title":"Nipple Reconstruction Techniques: Which is the Best Choice?","authors":"N. Bertozzi, F. Simonacci, M. Pesce, P. Santi, E. Raposio","doi":"10.2174/1874220301805010062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874220301805010062","url":null,"abstract":"Nipple-Areolar Complex (NAC) reconstruction represents the final, concluding journey of breast reconstruction by being able to give to reconstructed breasts the shape of a natural breast mound. Nevertheless an enormous amount of nipple reconstruction techniques are described in literature, given the fact that most reconstructive options fail to give satisfactory outcomes in relation to the long-term nipple projection. In this review, the authors will browse most common nipple reconstruction techniques, taking into account: Indication, outcome, and side effect. Composite nipple grafts, traditional flaps, flaps with autologous graft augmentation, flaps with allograft augmentation, and flaps with alloplastic augmentation are the main strategies employed nowadays. Composite nipple grafts give the best guarantee of color-texture match with the contralateral side and show satisfactory nipple projection even at long-term follow-up. Skate, star, C-V, and arrow flap are by far the most commonly employed and the most reliable local flaps, however loss of projection of up to 70 percent are reported in literature. Alloplastic grafts were associated with the lowest rates of projection loss followed by autologous and allogenic ones. Nevertheless allogenic grafts are also associated with the highest complication rate, while autologous and allogenic ones have similar rates. Infection, seroma, and fat necrosis are the more commonly reported complications of autologous grafting along with donor site morbidity, while allogenic and alloplastic augmentation grafts may also experience the risk of overcorrection and graft exposure. Given the numerous techniques described in literature it is clear that the ideal nipple reconstruction hasn’t been found yet. Whereas it should be chosen on case to case basis depending on type of mastectomy, radiotherapy, type of reconstruction, skin thickness, tissue condition, and patients’ expectations to ensure the best cosmetic outcome.","PeriodicalId":91371,"journal":{"name":"Open medicine journal","volume":"104 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68057357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：