BMC Pediatrics最新文献

Background: Child malnutrition is a critical public health issue in Bangladesh, significantly affecting child development and health. This study analyzes the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among children under five years old using data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18.

Methods: The study employed Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) to examine socio-economic, demographic, and health-related factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight conditions among children.

Results: The study found that 31% of children were stunted, 22% were underweight, and 8% were wasted in Bangladesh in 2017-18, with overlaps likely among these forms of malnutrition. Higher parental education levels and wealthier household status were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a lower prevalence of malnutrition. Children from Sylhet had 1.3 times higher odds of being stunted (AOR = 1.3, 95% C.I. = 1.05-1.65) and 1.46 times higher odds of being underweight (AOR = 1.46, 95% C.I. = 1.14-1.88) compared to children from Barisal. Mothers with normal BMI were significantly less likely to have stunted (AOR = 0.67, 95% C.I. = 0.56-0.79), wasted (AOR = 0.49, 95% C.I. = 0.37-0.66), and underweight (AOR = 0.63, 95% C.I. = 0.53-0.75) children compared to mothers with underweight BMI. Both GLMM and GEE models identified the same associated factors for stunting, wasting, and underweight, with close estimates. However, GLMM was found to have better predictive power for all three models, as indicated by higher area under the curve (AUC) values.

Conclusion: The findings emphasize the association of poor parental education, economic conditions, and maternal health with child malnutrition in Bangladesh. The GLMM demonstrated better predictive power based on AUC values across all three outcomes, making it a more reliable choice for this type of analysis. Policymakers should prioritize enhancing maternal education, household economic status, and access to healthcare services.

Objective: To compare end organ hemodynamic in hemodynamically significant (hs) and non-hemodynamically significant (non-hs) patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled preterm infants with PDA who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of our center between January 2021 and December 2024. According to comprehensive evaluations of echocardiographic findings and clinical parameters, infants were classified into hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) and non-hsPDA groups. Clinical characteristics and bedside Doppler ultrasound measurements of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and renal artery (RA) were collected to evaluate the effects of different PDA hemodynamic states on organ blood flow.

Results: A total of 103 preterm infants with PDA were analyzed, including 50 in the hsPDA group and 53 in the non-hsPDA group. There were no significant differences in demographic or clinical variables between the two groups. Compared with the non-hsPDA group, the hsPDA group exhibited lower end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and mean velocity (MV) and higher resistance index (RI) in both the SMA and RA, while parameters of the ACA showed no significant differences. The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis was higher in the hsPDA group, whereas other complications did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions: Different hemodynamic states of PDA have distinct impacts on organ perfusion in preterm infants. Bedside Doppler ultrasound provides a sensitive tool for early detection of these hemodynamic alterations.

Background: External factors, including digital media (DM), promote body ideals that can shape adolescents' body image, but studies across European countries are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the relationship between daily DM duration and body image dissatisfaction (BID) in adolescents from nine European countries.

Methods: Participants from the I.Family study self-reported daily DM duration and BID in 2013/2014 (n = 3,608; 51% female; mean age 13.6 years (standard deviation: 1.1). DM duration was measured in hours/day, including television viewing (TV), computer/game console (PC), smartphone, and internet use. Linear regression models were used to examine associations of self-reported DM duration with BID and unstandardised regression coefficients were reported. Daily time spent with these technologies was categorised into < 1, 1-2, and ≥ 2 h, and underlying patterns of DM use were identified using latent class analyses. Furthermore, the interaction term between family environment and DM was included in the latent class analyses.

Results: Increasing daily DM duration, particularly for smartphone (adjusted β = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.31, 0.57) and internet (adjusted β = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.50), was associated with higher BID in all adolescents. Associations were more pronounced in underweight, normal weight, and female participants. Adolescents with high internet and smartphone duration in combination with medium/low TV/PC duration showed higher positive associations with BID score compared to those with low duration of all DM types (adjusted β = 1.24, 95%CI: 0.73, 1.74). A positive family environment attenuated the association in adolescents with high internet/smartphone and medium/low TV/PC duration.

Conclusion: The results highlight a positive association between longer daily DM duration and BID in adolescents, especially for internet-enabled media. A positive family environment seems to play a role in this association and should be further investigated in future research. Additionally, understanding the potential mechanisms explaining these associations can inform future interventions promoting healthy body image in adolescents.

Background: Cavernomas arising in the region of the optic pathway are extremely rare, and data on their clinical characteristics are very limited.

Case presentation: We report the case of a 16-year-old healthy boy who presented with headache and sudden visual field loss. Imaging examination revealed a suprasellar lesion with hemorrhage. A rare case of cavernoma of the optic chiasm region was confirmed via craniotomy and postoperative pathological examination. Close follow-up revealed significant improvement in visual field defects. The case report data on chiasmatic cavernomas from recent years have also been comprehensively reviewed.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis of and the effectiveness of timely surgical treatment for a chiasmatic cavernoma causing hemorrhage and vision loss.

Background: Undescended testis (UDT) is the most common congenital anomaly of the urogenital system in boys and is associated with long-term risks, including infertility in bilateral cases of UDT and testicular malignancy if not corrected promptly. International guidelines recommend referral by 6 months and surgical correction before 18 months of age. However, delays in diagnosis and management remain frequent worldwide. This study aimed to determine the age at diagnosis of UDT and to identify sociodemographic and perinatal factors associated with delayed diagnosis in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Iran.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 70 patients with UDT who presented to the tertiary Children's hospital in one year were enrolled. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire completed by mothers, covering demographic, perinatal, and maternal variables. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.

Results: The median age at diagnosis of UDT was 29 months, with nearly half of the cases identified at birth or during the neonatal period. Despite early recognition in many patients, a significant proportion were diagnosed later than recommended. Among the studied variables, higher maternal age was significantly associated with delayed diagnosis, whereas maternal education, birth order, prematurity, and place of residence showed no significant correlation.

Conclusion: Although many children with UDT in our study were diagnosed early, delays beyond the recommended age for intervention remain common. Maternal age emerged as a significant predictor of delayed diagnosis, underscoring the need for targeted parental education and systematic screening during infancy.