Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2016.1205890
Rustam Haydarov, S. Anand, B. Frouws, Brigitte Toure, Samuel Okiror, B. Bhui
Building on the experience of the 2013–2014 wild poliovirus outbreak in the Horn of Africa, this study examines applied strategies that helped to engage pastoralists of the Somali cluster (Somalia, Somali Region of Ethiopia, and North-East Kenya) in supplementary immunization activities. Aimed at being applicable to other public health interventions, the study synthesizes knowledge about Somali pastoralism in the Horn of Africa and explains the approaches used for tracking nomadic groups and creating dialogue, as well as building trust to enable better vaccination opportunities for pastoralist children. Interventions across the three countries included creating a network of informants and influencers, engagement with clan leaders, mapping of water points and livestock markets, forming a partnership with an animal vaccination program, cross-border coordination, and establishment of permanent transit vaccination points. The proportion of children who had never been vaccinated against polio in the overall incidence of children reported with nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis in Somalia was used as an outcome measure before and after the interventions. Results demonstrate that the proportion of these zero-dose children was reduced from 44.6% to 19.5% between 2014 and 2015. Researchers discuss viability of pastoralist-focused approaches, as well as challenges associated with them, including the high-cost per child reached, lack of disaggregated epidemiological and social data for nomads, and a need to create special tools and strategies. This research provides practical recommendations to public health practitioners who are facing the challenge of reaching pastoralist populations with health services.
{"title":"Evidence-Based Engagement of the Somali Pastoralists of the Horn of Africa in Polio Immunization: Overview of Tracking, Cross-Border, Operations, and Communication Strategies","authors":"Rustam Haydarov, S. Anand, B. Frouws, Brigitte Toure, Samuel Okiror, B. Bhui","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2016.1205890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2016.1205890","url":null,"abstract":"Building on the experience of the 2013–2014 wild poliovirus outbreak in the Horn of Africa, this study examines applied strategies that helped to engage pastoralists of the Somali cluster (Somalia, Somali Region of Ethiopia, and North-East Kenya) in supplementary immunization activities. Aimed at being applicable to other public health interventions, the study synthesizes knowledge about Somali pastoralism in the Horn of Africa and explains the approaches used for tracking nomadic groups and creating dialogue, as well as building trust to enable better vaccination opportunities for pastoralist children. Interventions across the three countries included creating a network of informants and influencers, engagement with clan leaders, mapping of water points and livestock markets, forming a partnership with an animal vaccination program, cross-border coordination, and establishment of permanent transit vaccination points. The proportion of children who had never been vaccinated against polio in the overall incidence of children reported with nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis in Somalia was used as an outcome measure before and after the interventions. Results demonstrate that the proportion of these zero-dose children was reduced from 44.6% to 19.5% between 2014 and 2015. Researchers discuss viability of pastoralist-focused approaches, as well as challenges associated with them, including the high-cost per child reached, lack of disaggregated epidemiological and social data for nomads, and a need to create special tools and strategies. This research provides practical recommendations to public health practitioners who are facing the challenge of reaching pastoralist populations with health services.","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"10 1","pages":"11 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2016.1205890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60112940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2017.1278991
S. Yeo, W. Shin, M. Lwin, Jerome D. Williams, Ying-yi Hong
Despite public programs to promote healthy eating among populations in developed and developing countries, the increase in obesity as a result of poor dietary patterns continues to persist. As food advertising has been implicated for contributing to this global health challenge, this study aims to provide empirical evidence on food advertising in a broader global context, across economically and culturally different nations. We conducted a large scale content analysis of the types of food advertised on primetime television in the United States, China, and Singapore, which resulted in the collection of 1,008 television hours. Using the dietary blue2376s proposed by the health authorities as the applied framework, the study compared the types of food advertised against the dietary parameters. Findings showed that despite differences in economic development and cultures, food advertised on primetime television across three countries are incongruent with dietary recommendations. The study offers insights on how misaligned and out of sync food advertising and commercial interests are from government health policies. Implications of findings to encourage healthy eating among populations worldwide are discussed.
{"title":"Are Primetime Diets Congruent With Dietary Recommendations? Content Analyses of Food Advertisements in the United States, China, and Singapore","authors":"S. Yeo, W. Shin, M. Lwin, Jerome D. Williams, Ying-yi Hong","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2017.1278991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2017.1278991","url":null,"abstract":"Despite public programs to promote healthy eating among populations in developed and developing countries, the increase in obesity as a result of poor dietary patterns continues to persist. As food advertising has been implicated for contributing to this global health challenge, this study aims to provide empirical evidence on food advertising in a broader global context, across economically and culturally different nations. We conducted a large scale content analysis of the types of food advertised on primetime television in the United States, China, and Singapore, which resulted in the collection of 1,008 television hours. Using the dietary blue2376s proposed by the health authorities as the applied framework, the study compared the types of food advertised against the dietary parameters. Findings showed that despite differences in economic development and cultures, food advertised on primetime television across three countries are incongruent with dietary recommendations. The study offers insights on how misaligned and out of sync food advertising and commercial interests are from government health policies. Implications of findings to encourage healthy eating among populations worldwide are discussed.","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"2 1","pages":"30 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2017.1278991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60113000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2016.1205887
Anne McArthur-Lloyd, A. Mckenzie, S. Findley, C. Green, F. Adamu
Northern Nigeria has a history of low use of health services, resistance to immunization programs, and high maternal and child mortality rates. Cultural, physical, and financial barriers prevent many families from accessing health care. The Partnership for Reviving Routine Immunization in Northern Nigeria; Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Initiative (PRRINN-MNCH) was a project funded by the UK Department of International Development and the Norwegian government that used an integrated approach to strengthen health services and increase community demand for and access to quality health care. The project’s community engagement approach aimed to empower communities, work with volunteers, and develop solutions to overcome barriers to health. Simultaneously, PRRINN-MNCH was building primary health care systems, including immunization, and strengthening governance to increase the availability and quality of services. Baseline and endline population-based random household surveys conducted in 2009 and 2013 showed improved community knowledge, increased use of antenatal care and immunization services, and a decrease in maternal, infant, and under-5 mortality. In the project areas, the maternal mortality ratio fell from 1,270 to 1,057; under-5 mortality decreased from 160 to 90.1 per 1,000 live births, and infant mortality decreased from 90 to 46.9 per 1,000 live births. The overall coverage of fully immunized children rose from 2.2% to 19.3%. Many of the PRRINN-MNCH lessons learned about community engagement are relevant to the Polio Eradication Initiative when Nigeria reaches polio-free status and community mobilizers are mainstreamed into routine health services.
{"title":"Community Engagement, Routine Immunization, and the Polio Legacy in Northern Nigeria","authors":"Anne McArthur-Lloyd, A. Mckenzie, S. Findley, C. Green, F. Adamu","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2016.1205887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2016.1205887","url":null,"abstract":"Northern Nigeria has a history of low use of health services, resistance to immunization programs, and high maternal and child mortality rates. Cultural, physical, and financial barriers prevent many families from accessing health care. The Partnership for Reviving Routine Immunization in Northern Nigeria; Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Initiative (PRRINN-MNCH) was a project funded by the UK Department of International Development and the Norwegian government that used an integrated approach to strengthen health services and increase community demand for and access to quality health care. The project’s community engagement approach aimed to empower communities, work with volunteers, and develop solutions to overcome barriers to health. Simultaneously, PRRINN-MNCH was building primary health care systems, including immunization, and strengthening governance to increase the availability and quality of services. Baseline and endline population-based random household surveys conducted in 2009 and 2013 showed improved community knowledge, increased use of antenatal care and immunization services, and a decrease in maternal, infant, and under-5 mortality. In the project areas, the maternal mortality ratio fell from 1,270 to 1,057; under-5 mortality decreased from 160 to 90.1 per 1,000 live births, and infant mortality decreased from 90 to 46.9 per 1,000 live births. The overall coverage of fully immunized children rose from 2.2% to 19.3%. Many of the PRRINN-MNCH lessons learned about community engagement are relevant to the Polio Eradication Initiative when Nigeria reaches polio-free status and community mobilizers are mainstreamed into routine health services.","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"2 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2016.1205887","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60112929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2016.1206780
C. Olorunsaiye, Hannah M. Degge
Globally, immunization prevents an estimated 2–3 million deaths among under-5 children, yet in Nigeria, only 25% of children ages 12–23 months are fully immunized. There are also marked disparities in the uptake of immunizations, largely attributable to the context within which families live and seek health care. The authors assessed the individual and state determinants of child immunization in Nigeria and used multilevel logistic regression to estimate the odds of full immunization among 5,561 children aged 12–23 months, with their mothers clustered in the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (level 2). Findings indicate low immunization coverage rates overall: diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine first dose (DPT1) = 49.8%, DPT3 = 38.2%, measles = 41.8%, and full immunization = 24.9%. There was also significant clustering of full immunization among states. The authors found that having a health card and receiving postnatal care within the first 2 months of life were positively associated with full immunization, as were maternal education, wealth, age, and ethnicity. At the state level, the proportion of employed mothers and those who received tetanus immunization before birth was positively associated with full immunization. The following barriers were negatively associated with full immunization: needing to obtaining permission, poor financial situation, and far distance to clinic. These findings call for state-specific targeting to address inequitable access to routine immunization in Nigeria.
{"title":"Variations in the Uptake of Routine Immunization in Nigeria: Examining Determinants of Inequitable Access","authors":"C. Olorunsaiye, Hannah M. Degge","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2016.1206780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2016.1206780","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, immunization prevents an estimated 2–3 million deaths among under-5 children, yet in Nigeria, only 25% of children ages 12–23 months are fully immunized. There are also marked disparities in the uptake of immunizations, largely attributable to the context within which families live and seek health care. The authors assessed the individual and state determinants of child immunization in Nigeria and used multilevel logistic regression to estimate the odds of full immunization among 5,561 children aged 12–23 months, with their mothers clustered in the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (level 2). Findings indicate low immunization coverage rates overall: diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine first dose (DPT1) = 49.8%, DPT3 = 38.2%, measles = 41.8%, and full immunization = 24.9%. There was also significant clustering of full immunization among states. The authors found that having a health card and receiving postnatal care within the first 2 months of life were positively associated with full immunization, as were maternal education, wealth, age, and ethnicity. At the state level, the proportion of employed mothers and those who received tetanus immunization before birth was positively associated with full immunization. The following barriers were negatively associated with full immunization: needing to obtaining permission, poor financial situation, and far distance to clinic. These findings call for state-specific targeting to address inequitable access to routine immunization in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"2 1","pages":"19 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2016.1206780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60112950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2017.1330604
Shalini Rozario, Mohammed Diaaeldin Omer, K. Gallagher, A. Aregay, Bukhari Shikh Aden, Sahardid Mohamoud Abdi
This article explores the Polio Communication Network’s (PCN) contribution to the polio outbreak response in the Somali Region of Ethiopia from 2013 to 2015. The PCN strategies and innovations include the establishment of a communication network of experts, development of partnerships with locally trusted and influential groups, and capacity building of local structures. Results show PCN contribution through sustained high levels of community awareness of polio rounds and low rates of noncompliance with polio vaccination in line with the national indicator (< 1%). We argue that the context-sensitive approaches made significant gains in reaching traditionally missed, hard-to-reach, pastoral communities with polio information, improved communication capacity, and expertise, and contributed to the successful outbreak closure. The PCN experience in the Somali Region, one of Ethiopia’s lowest-performing regions for health indicators, provides important communication lessons for the long term relevant to polio eradication and other public health programs. Due to the focus on building capacity in areas such as monitoring and data collection, generated social data demonstrated impact of communication approaches and has contributed to a better understanding of the behavioral and environmental factors affecting the demand for, and uptake of, health services in Ethiopia’s Somali Region.
{"title":"The Polio Communication Network Contribution to the Polio Outbreak Response in Ethiopia’s Somali Region, 2013–2015","authors":"Shalini Rozario, Mohammed Diaaeldin Omer, K. Gallagher, A. Aregay, Bukhari Shikh Aden, Sahardid Mohamoud Abdi","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2017.1330604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2017.1330604","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the Polio Communication Network’s (PCN) contribution to the polio outbreak response in the Somali Region of Ethiopia from 2013 to 2015. The PCN strategies and innovations include the establishment of a communication network of experts, development of partnerships with locally trusted and influential groups, and capacity building of local structures. Results show PCN contribution through sustained high levels of community awareness of polio rounds and low rates of noncompliance with polio vaccination in line with the national indicator (< 1%). We argue that the context-sensitive approaches made significant gains in reaching traditionally missed, hard-to-reach, pastoral communities with polio information, improved communication capacity, and expertise, and contributed to the successful outbreak closure. The PCN experience in the Somali Region, one of Ethiopia’s lowest-performing regions for health indicators, provides important communication lessons for the long term relevant to polio eradication and other public health programs. Due to the focus on building capacity in areas such as monitoring and data collection, generated social data demonstrated impact of communication approaches and has contributed to a better understanding of the behavioral and environmental factors affecting the demand for, and uptake of, health services in Ethiopia’s Somali Region.","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"2 1","pages":"39 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2017.1330604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60113011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2016.1178563
S. Closser, R. Jooma, E. Varley, Naina Qayyum, S. Rodrigues, A. Sarwar, P. Omidian
ABSTRACT Community and health worker engagement will be key to polio eradication in Karachi, Pakistan. In this study, the authors conducted participant observation, interviews, and a document review in SITE Town, Karachi, an area that in recent years has harbored poliovirus. SITE’s diverse population includes large numbers of internally displaced persons who are disproportionately affected by polio and are more likely than other populations to refuse the polio vaccine. Vaccine acceptance and worker motivation in SITE Town were shaped by the discrepancy in funding and attention for polio eradication campaigns as compared with routine services. Parental vaccine refusals stemmed from a distrust of government and international actors that provided few services but administered polio vaccine door-to-door every month. Addressing this discrepancy could therefore be key to eliminating polio. The authors suggest short-term improvements to routine immunization and sanitation in key polio endemic areas, coupled with a long-term focus on sustainable improvements to routine immunization and broader health services.
{"title":"Polio Eradication and Health Systems in Karachi: Vaccine Refusals in Context","authors":"S. Closser, R. Jooma, E. Varley, Naina Qayyum, S. Rodrigues, A. Sarwar, P. Omidian","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2016.1178563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2016.1178563","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Community and health worker engagement will be key to polio eradication in Karachi, Pakistan. In this study, the authors conducted participant observation, interviews, and a document review in SITE Town, Karachi, an area that in recent years has harbored poliovirus. SITE’s diverse population includes large numbers of internally displaced persons who are disproportionately affected by polio and are more likely than other populations to refuse the polio vaccine. Vaccine acceptance and worker motivation in SITE Town were shaped by the discrepancy in funding and attention for polio eradication campaigns as compared with routine services. Parental vaccine refusals stemmed from a distrust of government and international actors that provided few services but administered polio vaccine door-to-door every month. Addressing this discrepancy could therefore be key to eliminating polio. The authors suggest short-term improvements to routine immunization and sanitation in key polio endemic areas, coupled with a long-term focus on sustainable improvements to routine immunization and broader health services.","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"32 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2016.1178563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60112522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2016.1161418
S. Sood, A. Klassen, Carmen Cronin, Philip M. Massey, Corinne L. Shefner-Rogers
The global polio community is committed to ensuring that all countries currently using oral polio vaccination (OPV) add at least one dose of inactivated polio vaccination (IPV) to their immunization schedules. Globally, communication efforts have been at the forefront of polio eradication programs for more than 25 years. This article combines research from secondary and primary sources of information on country experiences in polio vaccination and from the polio vaccination program in Rwanda. Secondary data included a review of 20 global articles that describe and analyze communication efforts for polio eradication and highlight best practices in communication approaches to address polio. The primary research consisted of qualitative and participatory data gathered from various stakeholders in two rural sites in Rwanda regarding approaches that could be used to develop culturally sound communication strategies to introduce IPV into the current routine expanded program on immunization schedule. Findings from this research highlighted the importance of identifying multichannel and multiaudience approaches to polio eradication that cut across different levels of the social ecological model. Findings further emphasize the importance of evidence-based and audience-centered communication programming to build and sustain the next big programmatic push for strengthening global routine immunization systems and replacing OPV with IPV. This article provides insights into the critical role that communication efforts have played and will continue to play in polio eradication worldwide.
{"title":"Looking Back and Planning Ahead: Examining Global Best Practices in Communication for Inactivated Polio Vaccination Introduction in Rwanda","authors":"S. Sood, A. Klassen, Carmen Cronin, Philip M. Massey, Corinne L. Shefner-Rogers","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2016.1161418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2016.1161418","url":null,"abstract":"The global polio community is committed to ensuring that all countries currently using oral polio vaccination (OPV) add at least one dose of inactivated polio vaccination (IPV) to their immunization schedules. Globally, communication efforts have been at the forefront of polio eradication programs for more than 25 years. This article combines research from secondary and primary sources of information on country experiences in polio vaccination and from the polio vaccination program in Rwanda. Secondary data included a review of 20 global articles that describe and analyze communication efforts for polio eradication and highlight best practices in communication approaches to address polio. The primary research consisted of qualitative and participatory data gathered from various stakeholders in two rural sites in Rwanda regarding approaches that could be used to develop culturally sound communication strategies to introduce IPV into the current routine expanded program on immunization schedule. Findings from this research highlighted the importance of identifying multichannel and multiaudience approaches to polio eradication that cut across different levels of the social ecological model. Findings further emphasize the importance of evidence-based and audience-centered communication programming to build and sustain the next big programmatic push for strengthening global routine immunization systems and replacing OPV with IPV. This article provides insights into the critical role that communication efforts have played and will continue to play in polio eradication worldwide.","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"10 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2016.1161418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60112472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2016.1161419
A. Musa
This study explored polio immunization social norms in Kano State, Nigeria, one of the last polio endemic regions in the world. The study aimed to answer the following research question: what polio immunization social norms exist in Kano, Nigeria? Social norm theory was adopted as a framework to guide the study. An interpretative research paradigm and qualitative method guided data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, and discussion of findings. Twenty-six parents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The author used an analytic inductive process to identify 234 narratives explaining polio immunization social norms. The narratives are organized into 10 recurring topics and further collapsed into three emergent categories to explain the polio immunization social norms. Findings interpreted using social norms theory suggest that for there to be a sustained acceptance of polio vaccines through routine immunization, polio information programs must take account of the social norms of parents who are resistance to polio immunization in polio endemic regions. Future research areas for sustained acceptance of the polio vaccines through routine immunization are identified.
{"title":"Polio Immunization Social Norms in Kano State, Nigeria: Implications for Designing Polio Immunization Information and Communication Programs for Routine Immunization Services","authors":"A. Musa","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2016.1161419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2016.1161419","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored polio immunization social norms in Kano State, Nigeria, one of the last polio endemic regions in the world. The study aimed to answer the following research question: what polio immunization social norms exist in Kano, Nigeria? Social norm theory was adopted as a framework to guide the study. An interpretative research paradigm and qualitative method guided data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, and discussion of findings. Twenty-six parents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The author used an analytic inductive process to identify 234 narratives explaining polio immunization social norms. The narratives are organized into 10 recurring topics and further collapsed into three emergent categories to explain the polio immunization social norms. Findings interpreted using social norms theory suggest that for there to be a sustained acceptance of polio vaccines through routine immunization, polio information programs must take account of the social norms of parents who are resistance to polio immunization in polio endemic regions. Future research areas for sustained acceptance of the polio vaccines through routine immunization are identified.","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"21 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2016.1161419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60112512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2016.1199939
Rabia Sadat, A. Naser
Volunteer communication mobilizers (VCMs) were deployed in Nigeria to increase community awareness for polio vaccination. To understand whether VCMs’ knowledge and job-related characteristics were associated with performance, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in the Nassarawa and Ungogo Local Governance Areas (LGAs). We asked VCMs about the consequences of polio, preventive strategies, and health communication messages to assess knowledge. We considered VCMs’ performance satisfactory if they delivered more messages during their last visit, and knew the number of <5 children and neonates in their settlement. We used t-tests to compare continuous and chi-square tests for categorical variables, and ran linear and ordinal logistic regression to understand if knowledge and job-related characteristics were associated with performance. Of the VCMs, 69% (118/170) were enrolled from Ungogo. We found that 63% of VCMs in Nassarawa had appropriate levels of knowledge about health education messages, compared to 26.3% in Ungogo (p < .001). We also found that 32.7% of VCMs in Nassrawa and 15.3% of VCMs in Ungogo mentioned that polio vaccination protects children from paralysis (p = .040). Among VCMs, 75% in Nassrawa and 31% in Ungogo knew the total number of <5 children in their catchment area of work (p = .001). We identified that for every 10 additional months of experience, VCMs delivered 1.3 more messages during household visits (95% confidence interval, 0.56–1.9, p = .001). VCMs who knew that polio cause paralysis delivered 0.5 more health messages than VCMs who did not have that knowledge (95% confidence interval, 0.08–2.3, p = .018). Our results demonstrated VCMs’ polio-related knowledge was associated with health message delivery performance.
{"title":"Association of Volunteer Communication Mobilizers’ Polio-Related Knowledge and Job-Related Characteristics With Health Message Delivery Performance in Kano District of Nigeria","authors":"Rabia Sadat, A. Naser","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2016.1199939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2016.1199939","url":null,"abstract":"Volunteer communication mobilizers (VCMs) were deployed in Nigeria to increase community awareness for polio vaccination. To understand whether VCMs’ knowledge and job-related characteristics were associated with performance, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in the Nassarawa and Ungogo Local Governance Areas (LGAs). We asked VCMs about the consequences of polio, preventive strategies, and health communication messages to assess knowledge. We considered VCMs’ performance satisfactory if they delivered more messages during their last visit, and knew the number of <5 children and neonates in their settlement. We used t-tests to compare continuous and chi-square tests for categorical variables, and ran linear and ordinal logistic regression to understand if knowledge and job-related characteristics were associated with performance. Of the VCMs, 69% (118/170) were enrolled from Ungogo. We found that 63% of VCMs in Nassarawa had appropriate levels of knowledge about health education messages, compared to 26.3% in Ungogo (p < .001). We also found that 32.7% of VCMs in Nassrawa and 15.3% of VCMs in Ungogo mentioned that polio vaccination protects children from paralysis (p = .040). Among VCMs, 75% in Nassrawa and 31% in Ungogo knew the total number of <5 children in their catchment area of work (p = .001). We identified that for every 10 additional months of experience, VCMs delivered 1.3 more messages during household visits (95% confidence interval, 0.56–1.9, p = .001). VCMs who knew that polio cause paralysis delivered 0.5 more health messages than VCMs who did not have that knowledge (95% confidence interval, 0.08–2.3, p = .018). Our results demonstrated VCMs’ polio-related knowledge was associated with health message delivery performance.","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"40 1","pages":"48 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2016.1199939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60112531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01Epub Date: 2016-05-18DOI: 10.1080/23762004.2016.1181486
Seneca Perri-Moore, Thomas Routen, Amani Flexson Shao, Clotide Rambaud-Althaus, Ndeniria Swai, Judith Kahama-Maro, Valerie D'Acremont, Blaise Genton, Marc Mitchell
In Tanzania, significant effort has been made to reduce under-5 mortality rates, and has been somewhat successful in recent years. Many factors have contributed to this, such as using standard treatment protocols for sick children. Using mobile technology has become increasingly popular in health care delivery. This study examines whether the use of mobile technology can leverage a standardized treatment protocol to improve the impact of counseling for children's caretakers and result in better understanding of what needs to be done at home after the clinical visit. A randomized cluster design was utilized in clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Children were treated using either test electronic protocols (eIMCI) or control paper (pIMCI) protocols. Providers using the eIMCI protocol were shown to counsel the mother significantly more frequently than providers using the pIMCI protocol. Caretakers receiving care by providers using the eIMCI protocol recalled significantly more problems and advice when to return and medications than those receiving care by providers using the pIMCI protocol. There was no significant difference among caretakers regarding the frequency and duration to administer medications. This study indicates the use of mobile technology as an important aide in increasing the delivery and recall of counseling messages.
{"title":"Using an eIMCI-Derived Decision Support Protocol to Improve Provider-Caretaker Communication for Treatment of Children Under 5 in Tanzania.","authors":"Seneca Perri-Moore, Thomas Routen, Amani Flexson Shao, Clotide Rambaud-Althaus, Ndeniria Swai, Judith Kahama-Maro, Valerie D'Acremont, Blaise Genton, Marc Mitchell","doi":"10.1080/23762004.2016.1181486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23762004.2016.1181486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Tanzania, significant effort has been made to reduce under-5 mortality rates, and has been somewhat successful in recent years. Many factors have contributed to this, such as using standard treatment protocols for sick children. Using mobile technology has become increasingly popular in health care delivery. This study examines whether the use of mobile technology can leverage a standardized treatment protocol to improve the impact of counseling for children's caretakers and result in better understanding of what needs to be done at home after the clinical visit. A randomized cluster design was utilized in clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Children were treated using either test electronic protocols (eIMCI) or control paper (pIMCI) protocols. Providers using the eIMCI protocol were shown to counsel the mother significantly more frequently than providers using the pIMCI protocol. Caretakers receiving care by providers using the eIMCI protocol recalled significantly more problems and advice when to return and medications than those receiving care by providers using the pIMCI protocol. There was no significant difference among caretakers regarding the frequency and duration to administer medications. This study indicates the use of mobile technology as an important aide in increasing the delivery and recall of counseling messages.</p>","PeriodicalId":91484,"journal":{"name":"Global health communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23762004.2016.1181486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34308209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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