A. Aristizábal-Alzate, Guillermo Salazar-Villa, C. Yepes-Delgado, L. Serna-Higuita, J. F. Nieto-Ríos, C. Ocampo-Kohn, Carlos Uribe-Trujillo, Matilde Henao-Velasquez, G. Zuluaga-Valencia
Background: Kidney graft pyelonephritis is a common complication after renal transplantation, often prompted by vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). An effective and minimally invasive strategy for managing reflux that allows a decrease in the risk of recurrent pyelonephritis is desirable. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with an endoscopic treatment with subureteral injection of polydimethylsiloxane for the treatment of recurrent pyelonephritis of renal grafts secondary to VUR. Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 17 subureteral polydimethylsiloxane injection procedures were performed. Patient monitoring was done by outpatient consultation and medical record review. The number of pyelonephritis events before and after the procedure and its safety were compared. Results: Forty-six infection episodes occurred before the procedure (2.71 infections/patient/year) and 10 infection episodes occurred after the procedure (0.59 infections/patient/year), representing a 78.3% reduction of infections/patient/year. The procedure was well tolerated and safe, with no resultant obstructive complications or changes in renal function and no long-distance migration of the bulking agent detected by monitoring. Conclusion: Consistent endoscopic treatment with subureteral injection of the bulking agent polydimethylsiloxane to manage VUR in cases of recurrent pyelonephritis of kidney grafts is a non-invasive treatment option with a good success rate and safety profile. World J Nephrol Urol. 2016;5(4):71-78 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjnu296w
{"title":"Vesicoureteral Reflux Management With Subureteral Injection of Polydimethylsiloxane in Cases of Recurrent Pyelonephritis in Transplanted Kidneys","authors":"A. Aristizábal-Alzate, Guillermo Salazar-Villa, C. Yepes-Delgado, L. Serna-Higuita, J. F. Nieto-Ríos, C. Ocampo-Kohn, Carlos Uribe-Trujillo, Matilde Henao-Velasquez, G. Zuluaga-Valencia","doi":"10.14740/WJNU296W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU296W","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kidney graft pyelonephritis is a common complication after renal transplantation, often prompted by vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). An effective and minimally invasive strategy for managing reflux that allows a decrease in the risk of recurrent pyelonephritis is desirable. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with an endoscopic treatment with subureteral injection of polydimethylsiloxane for the treatment of recurrent pyelonephritis of renal grafts secondary to VUR. Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 17 subureteral polydimethylsiloxane injection procedures were performed. Patient monitoring was done by outpatient consultation and medical record review. The number of pyelonephritis events before and after the procedure and its safety were compared. Results: Forty-six infection episodes occurred before the procedure (2.71 infections/patient/year) and 10 infection episodes occurred after the procedure (0.59 infections/patient/year), representing a 78.3% reduction of infections/patient/year. The procedure was well tolerated and safe, with no resultant obstructive complications or changes in renal function and no long-distance migration of the bulking agent detected by monitoring. Conclusion: Consistent endoscopic treatment with subureteral injection of the bulking agent polydimethylsiloxane to manage VUR in cases of recurrent pyelonephritis of kidney grafts is a non-invasive treatment option with a good success rate and safety profile. World J Nephrol Urol. 2016;5(4):71-78 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjnu296w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"5 1","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67239848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prostatic urethral giant calculus is extremely unusual. A 37-year-old man was diagnosed with a giant prostatic urethral calculus; he underwent suprapubic cystotomy and the calculus was removed through a bladder neck incision. Recurrence of prostatic calculus was noted 2 years later. Urethroscopy screening was performed and revealed a giant calculus located partially in a prostatic diverticulum. Complete endoscopic removal was not feasible and calculus was extracted entirely via cystotomy through bladder neck. The calculus was calcium phosphates in composition. World J Nephrol Urol. 2016;5(4):91-93 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjnu287w
{"title":"Recurrent Giant Prostatic Urethral Calculus: A Case Report and Mini-Review of the Literature","authors":"S. Naouar, B. B. Khalifa, S. Braiek, R. E. Kamel","doi":"10.14740/WJNU287W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU287W","url":null,"abstract":"Prostatic urethral giant calculus is extremely unusual. A 37-year-old man was diagnosed with a giant prostatic urethral calculus; he underwent suprapubic cystotomy and the calculus was removed through a bladder neck incision. Recurrence of prostatic calculus was noted 2 years later. Urethroscopy screening was performed and revealed a giant calculus located partially in a prostatic diverticulum. Complete endoscopic removal was not feasible and calculus was extracted entirely via cystotomy through bladder neck. The calculus was calcium phosphates in composition. World J Nephrol Urol. 2016;5(4):91-93 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjnu287w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"5 1","pages":"91-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67239798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Wimaleswaran, Stella Setyapranata, P. C. D. Crespigny, S. Holt
Rarely, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is complicated by a hydrothorax, often referred to as a pleural effusion, that commonly occurs early after starting PD and is usually right-sided. We illustrate three cases of atypical hydrothorax presenting in PD patients. Case 1 is a 72-year-old lady with left-sided pleuroperitoneal communication confirmed on nuclear imaging. Case 2 is a 50-year-old lady who presented with right-sided pleuroperitoneal leak which occurred 11 months after commencement of PD. The last case is a 64-year-old man with congestive cardiac failure secondary to ischemic heart disease who had recurrent right-sided pleural effusion despite multiple pleural drainage. He continued on PD with no drainage problems. Pleuroperitoneal leaks need to be excluded even in patients presenting with left-sided effusion and in those who present late after commencement of PD. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):256-259 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu227w
{"title":"Atypical Pleural Effusions in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis","authors":"H. Wimaleswaran, Stella Setyapranata, P. C. D. Crespigny, S. Holt","doi":"10.14740/WJNU227W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU227W","url":null,"abstract":"Rarely, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is complicated by a hydrothorax, often referred to as a pleural effusion, that commonly occurs early after starting PD and is usually right-sided. We illustrate three cases of atypical hydrothorax presenting in PD patients. Case 1 is a 72-year-old lady with left-sided pleuroperitoneal communication confirmed on nuclear imaging. Case 2 is a 50-year-old lady who presented with right-sided pleuroperitoneal leak which occurred 11 months after commencement of PD. The last case is a 64-year-old man with congestive cardiac failure secondary to ischemic heart disease who had recurrent right-sided pleural effusion despite multiple pleural drainage. He continued on PD with no drainage problems. Pleuroperitoneal leaks need to be excluded even in patients presenting with left-sided effusion and in those who present late after commencement of PD. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):256-259 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu227w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"4 1","pages":"256-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67238333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Louardi, A. Janane, Abdessamad Elbahri, M. Ghadouane, A. Ameur, M. Abbar
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death in the world. Indeed, its incidence is increasing with diagnoses made increasingly early thanks to the introduction of screening by prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This detection is done with most often localized stages, causes over diagnosis whose main consequence is overtreatment of the low-risk cancers that would have evolved very slowly and not aggressively without any treatment. Methods: To evaluate the pattern of treatment decisions and oncological outcomes among men aged ? 60 and ? 70 years with low-risk PCa in North African ethnic group, we examined the proportion and outcomes of men with low-risk disease treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) at our institution in the last decade. Results: Median age of the 166 men in the study cohort was 66 years. Mean serum PSA at diagnosis was 5.9 ng/mL with an average ratio of 13.77%. At diagnosis, 70.3% of our patients were symptomatic with lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) with a suspicious digital rectal examination in 9.7% of cases. Clinical stage was T1a/b in 5.1%, T1c in 79.6% and T2a in 15.3% of the patients. All men had Gleason score (GS) 6 PCa on biopsy and all men were treated with open radical retropubic prostatectomy. Except for age, there was no difference in the clinical features of men aged 65 - 69 and ? 70 years. One hundred percent of cancers are adenocarcinomas. Final pathological review revealed organ-confined disease in 77.1% of the men, extracapsular extension (ECE) in 22%, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in 8.6% and lymph node involvement in 3.2%. Conclusion: The challenge lies in identifying the aggressiveness of the cancer at diagnosis, and the ability to predict the individual risk of progression, active surveillance (AS) strategy needs to be validated by long-term results, new therapy options are currently being evaluated, and we consider that RP is an adequate therapy in men with low risk of d’Amico features. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):251-255 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu241w
{"title":"Results and Outcomes of Radical Prostatectomy for Low- Risk Prostate Cancer in North African Ethnic Group","authors":"N. Louardi, A. Janane, Abdessamad Elbahri, M. Ghadouane, A. Ameur, M. Abbar","doi":"10.14740/WJNU241W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU241W","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death in the world. Indeed, its incidence is increasing with diagnoses made increasingly early thanks to the introduction of screening by prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This detection is done with most often localized stages, causes over diagnosis whose main consequence is overtreatment of the low-risk cancers that would have evolved very slowly and not aggressively without any treatment. Methods: To evaluate the pattern of treatment decisions and oncological outcomes among men aged ? 60 and ? 70 years with low-risk PCa in North African ethnic group, we examined the proportion and outcomes of men with low-risk disease treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) at our institution in the last decade. Results: Median age of the 166 men in the study cohort was 66 years. Mean serum PSA at diagnosis was 5.9 ng/mL with an average ratio of 13.77%. At diagnosis, 70.3% of our patients were symptomatic with lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) with a suspicious digital rectal examination in 9.7% of cases. Clinical stage was T1a/b in 5.1%, T1c in 79.6% and T2a in 15.3% of the patients. All men had Gleason score (GS) 6 PCa on biopsy and all men were treated with open radical retropubic prostatectomy. Except for age, there was no difference in the clinical features of men aged 65 - 69 and ? 70 years. One hundred percent of cancers are adenocarcinomas. Final pathological review revealed organ-confined disease in 77.1% of the men, extracapsular extension (ECE) in 22%, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in 8.6% and lymph node involvement in 3.2%. Conclusion: The challenge lies in identifying the aggressiveness of the cancer at diagnosis, and the ability to predict the individual risk of progression, active surveillance (AS) strategy needs to be validated by long-term results, new therapy options are currently being evaluated, and we consider that RP is an adequate therapy in men with low risk of d’Amico features. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):251-255 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu241w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"4 1","pages":"251-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67238479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Harbi, M. Abdelsalam, Ahmed Abdulshakour, O. Alfurayh
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine that occurs in genetically predisposed people of all ages and associated with an increased risk of developing other autoimmune conditions including type 1 diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, Sjogren’s syndrome and IgA nephropathy; nonetheless, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) collapsing variant was not reported before as one of glomerulonephritis associated with celiac disease. We report a case of nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis collapsing variant in a patient with CD. An 18-year-old male patient presented with progressive generalized body swelling for 1 month. He was diagnosed with CD when proven by small bowel biopsy and FSGS collapsing type by renal biopsy. Patient was treated with gluten-free diet and immunosuppressive therapy. The association between CD and nephrotic syndrome is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, an association of CD with FSGS has been reported only in one case. Our extensive literature review revealed no reported cases stating association of CD and appearances of collapsing variant of FSGS. The query arises whether there is a rare association between CD and FSGS, or this is a fortuity finding? World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):264-266 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu242w
{"title":"Celiac Disease and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Is It a Fortuity Finding?","authors":"H. Harbi, M. Abdelsalam, Ahmed Abdulshakour, O. Alfurayh","doi":"10.14740/WJNU242W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU242W","url":null,"abstract":"Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine that occurs in genetically predisposed people of all ages and associated with an increased risk of developing other autoimmune conditions including type 1 diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, Sjogren’s syndrome and IgA nephropathy; nonetheless, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) collapsing variant was not reported before as one of glomerulonephritis associated with celiac disease. We report a case of nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis collapsing variant in a patient with CD. An 18-year-old male patient presented with progressive generalized body swelling for 1 month. He was diagnosed with CD when proven by small bowel biopsy and FSGS collapsing type by renal biopsy. Patient was treated with gluten-free diet and immunosuppressive therapy. The association between CD and nephrotic syndrome is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, an association of CD with FSGS has been reported only in one case. Our extensive literature review revealed no reported cases stating association of CD and appearances of collapsing variant of FSGS. The query arises whether there is a rare association between CD and FSGS, or this is a fortuity finding? World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):264-266 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu242w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"4 1","pages":"264-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67238662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bibiana Lopez-Lopez, Maria Juana Perez-Lopez, Valencia-de Leon Bettina Fabiola, Rosario Mora-Campos, Félix Santaella-Torres, Daniel Salazar-Exaire
Reninoma is a tumor of the renal juxtaglomerular cell apparatus that causes hypertension and hypokalemia via hypersecretion of renin. We describe a case of reninoma. Imaging studies revealed the presence of a lesion in the renal cortex, which, on immunohistochemistry, was identified as a juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Following nephrectomy, the blood pressure and hypokalemia were normalized. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):267-269 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu243w
{"title":"Reninoma: A Case Report","authors":"Bibiana Lopez-Lopez, Maria Juana Perez-Lopez, Valencia-de Leon Bettina Fabiola, Rosario Mora-Campos, Félix Santaella-Torres, Daniel Salazar-Exaire","doi":"10.14740/WJNU243W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU243W","url":null,"abstract":"Reninoma is a tumor of the renal juxtaglomerular cell apparatus that causes hypertension and hypokalemia via hypersecretion of renin. We describe a case of reninoma. Imaging studies revealed the presence of a lesion in the renal cortex, which, on immunohistochemistry, was identified as a juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Following nephrectomy, the blood pressure and hypokalemia were normalized. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):267-269 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu243w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"4 1","pages":"267-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67238679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. D. Franco, D. Porru, A. Viglio, M. Paulli, B. Rovereto
Ovarian-type epithelial tumors are extremely rare in testis and paratestis, and in literature no cases of this tumor are reported in a patient with history of bilateral cryptorchidism. We describe a case of an 81-year-old man with a scrotal ulcerative lesion associated with signs of infection. After a skin biopsy showing tumor cells and mucin, we performed a surgical resection of this scrotal lesion and the final pathologic examination revealed a mucinous adenocarcinoma with medium grade of differentiation. The pathologist suggested performing additional tests of this tumor to differentiate it from mucinous “ovarian-type” paratesticular tumor and from a metastatic tumor. We did not find any tumor of different type. We discuss clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and treatment of this rare tumor. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):260-263 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu235w
{"title":"Primary Paratesticular Mucinous \"Ovarian-Type\" Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Case of Scrotal Tumor in a Patient With History of Bilateral Cryptorchidism","authors":"C. D. Franco, D. Porru, A. Viglio, M. Paulli, B. Rovereto","doi":"10.14740/WJNU235W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU235W","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian-type epithelial tumors are extremely rare in testis and paratestis, and in literature no cases of this tumor are reported in a patient with history of bilateral cryptorchidism. We describe a case of an 81-year-old man with a scrotal ulcerative lesion associated with signs of infection. After a skin biopsy showing tumor cells and mucin, we performed a surgical resection of this scrotal lesion and the final pathologic examination revealed a mucinous adenocarcinoma with medium grade of differentiation. The pathologist suggested performing additional tests of this tumor to differentiate it from mucinous “ovarian-type” paratesticular tumor and from a metastatic tumor. We did not find any tumor of different type. We discuss clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and treatment of this rare tumor. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(4):260-263 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu235w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"4 1","pages":"260-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67238389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ureteroinguinal hernia with or without ureteral incarceration resulting in obstructive uropathy is an especially uncommon case. Ureteroinguinal hernia should be included in the differential diagnosis when a hernia is detected on physical exam or found on imaging concurrent with new or unexplained hydronephrosis. The present case illustrates the importance of recognizing this condition. This patient, with a history of renal transplant, was asymptomatic other than a reducible inguinal hernia on exam and an elevated creatinine on lab work. Nephrostomy tube placement, an important temporizing measure to relieve obstruction, and subsequent ureteral reconstruction with inguinal hernia repair was successful in preserving the patient’s transplant kidney function. The management described may be helpful in guiding future surgical approaches to similar scenarios. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(3):237-239 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu218w
{"title":"Obstructive Uropathy Due to an Incarcerated Ureteroinguinal Hernia","authors":"E. Anderson, A. Corcoran","doi":"10.14740/WJNU218W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU218W","url":null,"abstract":"Ureteroinguinal hernia with or without ureteral incarceration resulting in obstructive uropathy is an especially uncommon case. Ureteroinguinal hernia should be included in the differential diagnosis when a hernia is detected on physical exam or found on imaging concurrent with new or unexplained hydronephrosis. The present case illustrates the importance of recognizing this condition. This patient, with a history of renal transplant, was asymptomatic other than a reducible inguinal hernia on exam and an elevated creatinine on lab work. Nephrostomy tube placement, an important temporizing measure to relieve obstruction, and subsequent ureteral reconstruction with inguinal hernia repair was successful in preserving the patient’s transplant kidney function. The management described may be helpful in guiding future surgical approaches to similar scenarios. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(3):237-239 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu218w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"4 1","pages":"237-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67238247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Amr, C. Loffredo, K. McClain, B. Kallakury, Yun-Ling Zheng
Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the urinary bladder have been well studied worldwide, but little is known about adenocarcinoma aside from its clinical features. Our objective was to examine associations between adenocarcinoma and known risk factors for UC and SCC in Egypt. Methods: We used data from our multi-center case-control study in Egypt where questionnaires inquired about tobacco smoking, schistosomiasis and other exposures by 101 cases of bladder adenocarcinoma and 3,737 population-based controls. Logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of these associations. Results: The mean (SD) age for adenocarcinoma was 55.3 (9.8) and 54.2 (11.3) among men and women, respectively. There was an association with schistosomiasis, albeit higher for women than for men (AOR (95% CI): 4.58 (2.13 - 9.86) and 1.77 (1.05 - 2.98), respectively). Among men, smoking either cigarettes or water pipes was associated with adenocarcinoma (1.78 (0.85 - 3.75) or 1.97 (0.79 - 4.91), respectively), and the highest risk (3.34 (1.38 - 8.09)) was among those who smoked both water pipes and cigarettes. Conclusion: Smoking both cigarette and water pipe tobacco was associated with increased risk for adenocarcinoma of the bladder among males in this study, as was a history of schistosomiasis in both men and women. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(3):227-231 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu228w
{"title":"Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in Egypt: Potential Risk Factors","authors":"S. Amr, C. Loffredo, K. McClain, B. Kallakury, Yun-Ling Zheng","doi":"10.14740/WJNU228W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU228W","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the urinary bladder have been well studied worldwide, but little is known about adenocarcinoma aside from its clinical features. Our objective was to examine associations between adenocarcinoma and known risk factors for UC and SCC in Egypt. Methods: We used data from our multi-center case-control study in Egypt where questionnaires inquired about tobacco smoking, schistosomiasis and other exposures by 101 cases of bladder adenocarcinoma and 3,737 population-based controls. Logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of these associations. Results: The mean (SD) age for adenocarcinoma was 55.3 (9.8) and 54.2 (11.3) among men and women, respectively. There was an association with schistosomiasis, albeit higher for women than for men (AOR (95% CI): 4.58 (2.13 - 9.86) and 1.77 (1.05 - 2.98), respectively). Among men, smoking either cigarettes or water pipes was associated with adenocarcinoma (1.78 (0.85 - 3.75) or 1.97 (0.79 - 4.91), respectively), and the highest risk (3.34 (1.38 - 8.09)) was among those who smoked both water pipes and cigarettes. Conclusion: Smoking both cigarette and water pipe tobacco was associated with increased risk for adenocarcinoma of the bladder among males in this study, as was a history of schistosomiasis in both men and women. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(3):227-231 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu228w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"49 1","pages":"227-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67238375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the current gold standard for treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, obturator nerve reflex (ONR) remains as a threat during treating lateral wall tumors. The present study aimed to describe a simple and reliable method which provides en bloc resection without ONR. Methods: Forty-six patients planned for TURBT with superficial bladder carcinoma nested in lateral bladder wall received transurethral needle electrode resection of bladder tumor (TUNER-BT) under epidural anesthesia without obturator nerve block. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed. The resected tissues were examined by a pathologist who recorded grade, invasion of the muscularis propria and the presence of muscular invasion. Results: Tumors were multiple in 11 (24%) patients and single in 35 (76%) patients. Mean tumor size was 1.79 ± 0.43 cm with a mean resection time of 10.8 ± 4.8 minutes. None of the 46 patients developed obturator jerks or perforation. Precise histological evaluation was achieved in all cases: 32.5% pTa, 56.4% pT1, and 11.1% pT2. Conclusions: The needle electrode can be used safely and conveniently during transurethral electroresection of bladder tumors located in the lateral bladder wall. This technique is easy to perform and allows en bloc resection of tumors. The ONR privilege makes TUNER-BT a preferable option when treating tumors located in lateral bladder wall. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(3):232-236 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu221w
{"title":"Transurethral Needle Electrode Resection of Bladder Tumor: A Technique Obtaining En Bloc Resection and Obviating Obturator Nerve Stimulation","authors":"Hongwei Yang, Li-xin Shi, Guang-fu Chen, Weijun Fu, Jiangping Gao, Shengkun Sun, A-xiang Xu, Xu Zhang","doi":"10.14740/WJNU221W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/WJNU221W","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the current gold standard for treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, obturator nerve reflex (ONR) remains as a threat during treating lateral wall tumors. The present study aimed to describe a simple and reliable method which provides en bloc resection without ONR. Methods: Forty-six patients planned for TURBT with superficial bladder carcinoma nested in lateral bladder wall received transurethral needle electrode resection of bladder tumor (TUNER-BT) under epidural anesthesia without obturator nerve block. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed. The resected tissues were examined by a pathologist who recorded grade, invasion of the muscularis propria and the presence of muscular invasion. Results: Tumors were multiple in 11 (24%) patients and single in 35 (76%) patients. Mean tumor size was 1.79 ± 0.43 cm with a mean resection time of 10.8 ± 4.8 minutes. None of the 46 patients developed obturator jerks or perforation. Precise histological evaluation was achieved in all cases: 32.5% pTa, 56.4% pT1, and 11.1% pT2. Conclusions: The needle electrode can be used safely and conveniently during transurethral electroresection of bladder tumors located in the lateral bladder wall. This technique is easy to perform and allows en bloc resection of tumors. The ONR privilege makes TUNER-BT a preferable option when treating tumors located in lateral bladder wall. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(3):232-236 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu221w","PeriodicalId":91634,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology and urology","volume":"4 1","pages":"232-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67238318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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