{"title":"What we could learn about Chagas´ disease from our experimental therapeutic trials","authors":"S. Isasi, J. Muiño","doi":"10.18103/imr.v6i1.844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/imr.v6i1.844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91699,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76831663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamid Ehsan, M. K. Sana, A. Sarwar, Nazma Hanif, Sana Khan
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused more than 35 million confirmed cases and more than 1 million deaths so far. This has led to global efforts to find effective treatment and vaccination to control disease transmission and decrease severity. The current efforts are focused on developing a vaccine that is safe and effective after one or two doses, provides protection for a minimum of six months, provides protection for high-risk population and reduces the risk of onward viral transmission. In this review, we summarize available information related to the development and safety profile of these phase III vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Methods Literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane and ClinicalTrial.gov using keywords like “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, and “Phase III vaccines”. Two individuals performed screening of the resultant library. We assessed different articles for information focusing on vaccines in phase III trials. Results As of September 3, 2020 update by the World Health Organization (WHO), there are currently more than 137 candidate vaccines undergoing preclinical development and of these 34 candidate vaccines are in the clinical evaluation phase, 18 are in phase I and 5 are in phase II. Currently, there are 9 vaccines in the phase III development process. Conclusion Multiple phase III trials of COVID-19 vaccines are in progress across the globe, highlighting the collaborative international efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine. The available efficacy and safety data of phase I/II trials of these vaccines have shown promising results. Pharmaceutical companies are using different strategies including inactivated vaccines, RNA vaccines, recombinant viral vector vaccines and live attenuated BCG vaccine.
{"title":"Phase III Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Development and Available Data","authors":"Hamid Ehsan, M. K. Sana, A. Sarwar, Nazma Hanif, Sana Khan","doi":"10.18103/imr.v6i5.905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/imr.v6i5.905","url":null,"abstract":"Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused more than 35 million confirmed cases and more than 1 million deaths so far. This has led to global efforts to find effective treatment and vaccination to control disease transmission and decrease severity. The current efforts are focused on developing a vaccine that is safe and effective after one or two doses, provides protection for a minimum of six months, provides protection for high-risk population and reduces the risk of onward viral transmission. In this review, we summarize available information related to the development and safety profile of these phase III vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Methods Literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane and ClinicalTrial.gov using keywords like “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, and “Phase III vaccines”. Two individuals performed screening of the resultant library. We assessed different articles for information focusing on vaccines in phase III trials. Results As of September 3, 2020 update by the World Health Organization (WHO), there are currently more than 137 candidate vaccines undergoing preclinical development and of these 34 candidate vaccines are in the clinical evaluation phase, 18 are in phase I and 5 are in phase II. Currently, there are 9 vaccines in the phase III development process. Conclusion Multiple phase III trials of COVID-19 vaccines are in progress across the globe, highlighting the collaborative international efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine. The available efficacy and safety data of phase I/II trials of these vaccines have shown promising results. Pharmaceutical companies are using different strategies including inactivated vaccines, RNA vaccines, recombinant viral vector vaccines and live attenuated BCG vaccine.","PeriodicalId":91699,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80795591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Emerging Use of Cannabis in cases of Hyperemesis Gravidarum; A Critical Review","authors":"G. Koren","doi":"10.18103/imr.v6i1.846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/imr.v6i1.846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91699,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90545321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This research project sought to determine the effect of pulse rate on judgments of moderate to severe airway compromise events during infant MBSS. Method: This retrospective analysis investigated potential differences in Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores for swallows viewed at three different simulated pulse rate conditions by providing video files for review that featured 30 images per second (ips), 15 ips, and 7.5 ips. Analysts who were trained to achieve high consensus scored 20 different infant swallows recorded during MBSS at each of the simulated pulse rate conditions using the PAS. Result: Significant differences in PAS scores were found between infant MBSS reviewed at 30 pps and simulated 7.5 pps, with scores lower at simulated 7.5 pps, indicating analysts perceived less severe airway compromise events during the infant MBSS reviewed at lower pulse rates. Conclusion: The results from this research study indicate that the accurate identification of airway compromise events is affected by the pulse rate applied during the infant MBSS.
{"title":"Effect of Pulse Rate on Judgments of Airway Compromise Events During Infant Modified Barium Swallow Studies","authors":"M. Gosa, A. Bolland","doi":"10.18103/imr.v6i5.904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/imr.v6i5.904","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This research project sought to determine the effect of pulse rate on judgments of moderate to severe airway compromise events during infant MBSS. Method: This retrospective analysis investigated potential differences in Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores for swallows viewed at three different simulated pulse rate conditions by providing video files for review that featured 30 images per second (ips), 15 ips, and 7.5 ips. Analysts who were trained to achieve high consensus scored 20 different infant swallows recorded during MBSS at each of the simulated pulse rate conditions using the PAS. Result: Significant differences in PAS scores were found between infant MBSS reviewed at 30 pps and simulated 7.5 pps, with scores lower at simulated 7.5 pps, indicating analysts perceived less severe airway compromise events during the infant MBSS reviewed at lower pulse rates. Conclusion: The results from this research study indicate that the accurate identification of airway compromise events is affected by the pulse rate applied during the infant MBSS.","PeriodicalId":91699,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73597241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Individual and Couple Side-Effects After Radical Prostatectomy: Personal Reflections from a Research Scientist","authors":"W. Schumm","doi":"10.18103/imr.v6i3.851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/imr.v6i3.851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91699,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73503286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amyloid Structure and Properties and Its Relation to Human Diseases","authors":"N. Lisitza","doi":"10.18103/imr.v6i1.849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/imr.v6i1.849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91699,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76708981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Pérez-Martínez, S. Menahem, S. Viaux-Savelon, A. Guédeney
{"title":"Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB) in Assessing Social Withdrawal in Infants with an Underlying Organic Illness – Congenital Heart Disease, Prader Willi Syndrome, Cleft Lip and/or Palate – An Overview","authors":"C. Pérez-Martínez, S. Menahem, S. Viaux-Savelon, A. Guédeney","doi":"10.18103/imr.v6i4.883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/imr.v6i4.883","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91699,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90324385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comprehensive review of mold research literature from 2011 - 2018","authors":"M. Dooley","doi":"10.18103/imr.v6i1.836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/imr.v6i1.836","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91699,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87522724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Evolution of the Treatment of Anal Fissure in the United States","authors":"Alexander Marcia, H. Abcarian, A. Abcarian","doi":"10.18103/imr.v6i1.848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/imr.v6i1.848","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91699,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine review (Washington, D.C. : Online)","volume":"12384 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88058472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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