Journal of addictive behaviors and therapy最新文献

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The Impact of Limited Housing Opportunities on Formerly Incarcerated People in the Context of Addiction Recovery. 在成瘾恢复的背景下，有限的住房机会对前监禁人员的影响。

Journal of addictive behaviors and therapy

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-02-06

Dina Chavira, Leonard Jason

Background: Formerly incarcerated individuals with substance use disorders encounter numerous obstacles following incarceration that threaten their sobriety. Obtaining safe and stable housing is a notoriously difficult task resulting in precarious housing that can increase the likelihood of relapse. The current study examined the relationship between substance use and 11 housing settings in a sample of 211 formerly incarcerated individuals with a history of substance abuse to identify the housing characteristics with the highest risk of use.

Methods: Participants retroactively reported their alcohol and illicit drug consumption as well as their dwelling for the past 180 days using the Timeline Follow-back method. Housing settings were collapsed into four conceptually distinct categories: Regulated, Independent, Precarious, and Homeless.

Findings: Results showed differences in alcohol and drug consumption across categories, with Regulated settings having less alcohol and substance use reported. The remaining settings with less oversight had a similar percentage of individuals endorse substance use; however, the Precarious setting was associated with the highest consumption of drug use.

Conclusion: Formerly incarcerated individuals with a history of substance use problems would likely benefit from housing with some degree of oversight and financial obligation. More resources should be funnelled into programs to help formerly incarcerated individuals with substance use disorders find housing that will facilitate abstinence during community re-entry.

背景:以前被监禁的物质使用障碍患者在监禁后会遇到许多障碍，威胁到他们的清醒。获得安全和稳定的住房是一项众所周知的困难任务，导致不稳定的住房可能增加复发的可能性。目前的研究调查了211名有药物滥用史的前监禁人员的样本中物质使用与11种住房环境之间的关系，以确定使用风险最高的住房特征。方法:采用时间轴回访法，回顾性报告参与者过去180天的酒精和非法药物消费情况以及居住情况。住房环境被分为四个概念上不同的类别:受管制的、独立的、不稳定的和无家可归的。研究结果:结果显示，不同类别的酒精和药物消费存在差异，在受管制的环境中，报告的酒精和药物使用较少。其余监管较少的环境中，支持物质使用的个人比例相似;然而，不稳定的环境与最高的药物使用有关。结论:以前被监禁的有药物使用问题历史的人可能会从某种程度的监督和经济义务的住房中受益。应该将更多的资源投入到帮助有药物使用障碍的前监禁人员找到住房的项目中，以便在重新进入社区时促进戒断。

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引用次数: 0

Taking Stock of Tobacco Control Program and Policy Science and Impact in the United States. 盘点美国的烟草控制计划和政策科学及其影响。

Journal of addictive behaviors and therapy

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-09-15

Matthew C Farrelly, Frank J Chaloupka, Carla J Berg, Sherry L Emery, Lisa Henriksen, Pamela Ling, Scott J Leischow, Douglas A Luke, Michelle C Kegler, Shu-Hong Zhu, Elizabeth M Ginexi

The 60% decline in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among U.S. adults over the past 50 years represents a significant public health achievement. This decline was steered in part by national, state, and local tobacco control programs and policies, such as public education campaigns; widespread smoke-free air laws; higher cigarette prices that have been driven by large increases in federal, state, and local cigarette excise taxes; and other tobacco control policy and systems-level changes that discourage smoking. Using the MPOWER framework informed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Office on Smoking and Health and the World Health Organization (WHO), this paper reviews these accomplishments and identifies gaps in tobacco control policy implementation and additional research needed to extend these historic successes.

在过去50年中，美国成年人吸烟率下降了60%，这是一项重大的公共卫生成就。这种下降的部分原因是国家、州和地方的烟草控制计划和政策，如公共教育运动；广泛的无烟空气法；联邦、州和地方卷烟消费税的大幅上涨推动了卷烟价格的上涨；以及其他阻止吸烟的烟草控制政策和制度层面的变化。本文利用美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）吸烟与健康办公室和世界卫生组织（世界卫生组织）提供的MPOWER框架，回顾了这些成就，并确定了烟草控制政策实施方面的差距和扩大这些历史性成功所需的额外研究。

引用次数: 0

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