Pub Date : 2016-01-01Epub Date: 2016-03-10DOI: 10.17756/jnpn.2016-003
Amanda E Lyall, Peter Savadjiev, Martha E Shenton, Marek Kubicki
The study of how the human brain develops has always been a challenge and an interest to the scientific community. In recent years, new evidence has suggested that many neuropsychiatric disorders may originate from aberrations early in development. This discovery necessitates the application of methodologies that make possible the investigation of human brain development in vivo and across the lifespan. In this commentary, we present evidence that the advent of structural neuroimaging has specifically and significantly contributed critical information about the developmental trajectories of postnatal human brain development that would otherwise not have been possible. We believe that this is particularly relevant to present day research as it has become increasingly clear that growth trajectories within the brain might serve as an endophenotype for a number of factors, ranging from IQ to psychiatric illness. We highlight seminal early works that helped to jumpstart the field of developmental neuroimaging and which inspired incredible new advances in neuroimaging methodologies that are being developed and applied in the field today.
{"title":"Insights into the Brain: Neuroimaging of Brain Development and Maturation.","authors":"Amanda E Lyall, Peter Savadjiev, Martha E Shenton, Marek Kubicki","doi":"10.17756/jnpn.2016-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/jnpn.2016-003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of how the human brain develops has always been a challenge and an interest to the scientific community. In recent years, new evidence has suggested that many neuropsychiatric disorders may originate from aberrations early in development. This discovery necessitates the application of methodologies that make possible the investigation of human brain development <i>in vivo</i> and across the lifespan. In this commentary, we present evidence that the advent of structural neuroimaging has specifically and significantly contributed critical information about the developmental trajectories of postnatal human brain development that would otherwise not have been possible. We believe that this is particularly relevant to present day research as it has become increasingly clear that growth trajectories within the brain might serve as an endophenotype for a number of factors, ranging from IQ to psychiatric illness. We highlight seminal early works that helped to jumpstart the field of developmental neuroimaging and which inspired incredible new advances in neuroimaging methodologies that are being developed and applied in the field today.</p>","PeriodicalId":91910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimaging in psychiatry & neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5469407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35094216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01Epub Date: 2016-11-03DOI: 10.17756/jnpn.2016-009
Joanna L Mergeche, Joe Verghese, Gilles Allali, Cuiling Wang, Olivier Beauchet, V G Pradeep Kumar, P S Mathuranath, Jennifer Yuan, Helena M Blumen
Introduction: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a recently described pre-dementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaints that has been implicated as a predictor of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults. Previous work suggests that cerebrovascular disease is associated with MCR. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are postulated to be a product of cerebrovascular disease, and have been associated with impaired mobility and impaired cognition. This study aimed to determine if MCR is associated with regional WMH.
Methods: Two cross-cultural cohorts of non-demented older adults were examined: 174 from a French memory clinic (62.1% male, mean age 70.7 ± 4.3 years) and 184 from an Indian community-dwelling cohort (55.4% male, mean age 66.2 ± 5.2 years). Participants were evaluated for slow gait, cognitive complaints, and regional WMH via MRI (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) FLAIR sequence.
Results: Overall, 20.7% of participants met criteria for MCR, and 72.9% of participants had WMH on FLAIR. WMH in the frontal, parieto-occipital, temporal, basal ganglia, cerebellum, or brainstem were not associated with MCR in either of the two cohorts.
Conclusion: WMH was not significantly associated with MCR in this studied sample of participants, suggesting that other cerebrovascular pathophysiological mechanisms, or combination of mechanisms, might underlie MCR.
{"title":"White Matter Hyperintensities in Older Adults and Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome.","authors":"Joanna L Mergeche, Joe Verghese, Gilles Allali, Cuiling Wang, Olivier Beauchet, V G Pradeep Kumar, P S Mathuranath, Jennifer Yuan, Helena M Blumen","doi":"10.17756/jnpn.2016-009","DOIUrl":"10.17756/jnpn.2016-009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a recently described pre-dementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaints that has been implicated as a predictor of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults. Previous work suggests that cerebrovascular disease is associated with MCR. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are postulated to be a product of cerebrovascular disease, and have been associated with impaired mobility and impaired cognition. This study aimed to determine if MCR is associated with regional WMH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two cross-cultural cohorts of non-demented older adults were examined: 174 from a French memory clinic (62.1% male, mean age 70.7 ± 4.3 years) and 184 from an Indian community-dwelling cohort (55.4% male, mean age 66.2 ± 5.2 years). Participants were evaluated for slow gait, cognitive complaints, and regional WMH via MRI (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) FLAIR sequence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 20.7% of participants met criteria for MCR, and 72.9% of participants had WMH on FLAIR. WMH in the frontal, parieto-occipital, temporal, basal ganglia, cerebellum, or brainstem were not associated with MCR in either of the two cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WMH was not significantly associated with MCR in this studied sample of participants, suggesting that other cerebrovascular pathophysiological mechanisms, or combination of mechanisms, might underlie MCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":91910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimaging in psychiatry & neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5473344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35102762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgement of Manuscript Reviewers JNPN Volume-5 (2020)","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/jnpn.2020-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/jnpn.2020-037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroimaging in psychiatry & neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67651112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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