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Determination of the best vaccination age of calves in the presence of maternal antibodies to foot and mouth disease under natural conditions 确定自然条件下存在母源口蹄疫抗体的犊牛最佳接种年龄

Vaccine reports

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacrep.2016.09.001

Musa Alkan , Can Çokçalışkan , A. Naci Bulut , Abdullah Arslan , Ergün Uzunlu , İ. Safa Gürcan

The first vaccination against foot and mouth disease (FMD) has long been carried out when the calves reach 4 months of age in Turkey. But, it is believed that this strategy creates a gap in herd immunity because almost fifteen percent of the cattle population consists of animals younger than 4 months old. Fifty-four calves aged 9 to 114 days were used in this study. The calves were divided into 5 groups. All of the animals were bled on day 0. Oil adjuvant FMD vaccine, containing the O1/Manisa, A22/Iraq and Asia-1/Shamir strains, was administered twice to Groups I-IV with a one-month interval between administrations. Group V was not vaccinated to monitor maternal antibody titer changes. The maternal antibody levels decreased in all strains in Group-V in a manner dependent on time. Antibody titers against strains O and Asia-1 increased after the first vaccination in Groups III and IV but decreased in Groups I and II. However, in all groups, the mean antibody levels continued or started to increase after booster vaccination. It was concluded that in endemic countries, calves that are born to vaccinated dams and that receive colostrum during the first hours of life should be vaccinated at 2 to 2.5 months of age, and a booster vaccination should be implemented for better protection.

在土耳其，早在犊牛长到4个月大时就进行了第一次口蹄疫疫苗接种。但是，人们认为这种策略造成了群体免疫力的差距，因为几乎15%的牛是由4个月以下的动物组成的。本研究选用54头9 ~ 114日龄犊牛。将犊牛分为5组。所有动物于第0天开始放血。含有O1/Manisa、A22/Iraq和Asia-1/Shamir菌株的口蹄疫油佐剂疫苗两次接种于I-IV组，每次接种间隔一个月。V组未接种疫苗以监测母体抗体滴度变化。v组所有菌株的母源抗体水平均随时间下降。在第一次接种后，III组和IV组对O和Asia-1株的抗体滴度升高，而在I组和II组则下降。然而，在所有组中，在加强疫苗接种后，平均抗体水平继续或开始增加。由此得出结论，在流行国家，在出生后一小时内接受初乳的小牛应在2至2.5个月大时接种疫苗，并应实施加强疫苗接种以获得更好的保护。

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引用次数: 2

Developing strategies to increase the immunity of medical students at an Australian University 制定提高澳大利亚大学医学生免疫力的策略

Vaccine reports

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacrep.2016.11.001

Erin Fergus , Richard Speare , Clare Heal

Background

Immunity to many vaccine-preventable diseases is inadequate amongst medical student populations internationally.

Objectives

To identify the factors that influence vaccination behaviour of Australian medical students and to identify appropriate immunisation-promotion interventions for this population.

Methods

A qualitative study using grounded theory techniques was undertaken in August and September 2014. Eighteen medical students from James Cook University in Townsville, Queensland, Australia participated in one of three focus group interviews. Data analysis incorporated the principles of the constant comparative method.

Results

Four themes emerged to explain the determinants of immunisation in this population: protection from infectious disease, understanding of the consequences of infectious disease, influence of individual and institutional recommendations, and practical barriers. Strategies to improve immunity were explored in three themes: empowering and educating students, improving access and mandating immunisation.

Conclusions

The determinants of medical student immunisation are complex and interconnected. A multi-faceted, long-term approach is needed to improve medical student immunity, and should include implementation of vaccination clinics and awareness initiatives, with future consideration of mandatory vaccination and integration into clinical skills programs and sessions. Immunisation policies and duty of care arrangements need clarification.

背景:国际上医科学生对许多疫苗可预防疾病的认识不足。目的确定影响澳大利亚医学生接种疫苗行为的因素，并为该人群确定适当的免疫促进干预措施。方法2014年8 - 9月采用扎根理论方法进行定性研究。来自澳大利亚昆士兰州汤斯维尔詹姆斯库克大学的18名医科学生参加了三次焦点小组访谈中的一次。数据分析纳入了恒常比较法的原理。结果出现了四个主题来解释这一人群的免疫决定因素:对传染病的保护，对传染病后果的理解，个人和机构建议的影响，以及实际障碍。在三个主题中探讨了改善免疫的战略:增强学生的权能和教育、改善获得免疫的机会和规定免疫接种。结论医学生免疫接种的决定因素复杂且相互关联。要提高医学生的免疫力，需要采取多方面的、长期的方法，应包括实施疫苗接种诊所和提高认识的举措，未来还应考虑强制性疫苗接种，并将其纳入临床技能课程和课程。需要澄清免疫政策和护理义务安排。

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引用次数: 2

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