Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000270
C. Pasapula, S. Shariff, S. Cutts, J. West, T. Kobezda
Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a common condition which is historically thought to be the result of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. As a result, the classification of the disease and its management centres around the state of the tibialis posterior tendon. This classification system has been accepted in the absence of substantial evidence to support it. In this paper, we propose a new biomechanical classification of (AAFD) based on available evidence that not only explains the progression of the disease but also aids clinicians to formulate a management plan.
{"title":"Adult Acquired Flat Foot: A New Biomechanical Classification for the Deformity Based on two Point Failure of the Medial Column","authors":"C. Pasapula, S. Shariff, S. Cutts, J. West, T. Kobezda","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000270","url":null,"abstract":"Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a common condition which is historically thought to be the result of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. As a result, the classification of the disease and its management centres around the state of the tibialis posterior tendon. This classification system has been accepted in the absence of substantial evidence to support it. In this paper, we propose a new biomechanical classification of (AAFD) based on available evidence that not only explains the progression of the disease but also aids clinicians to formulate a management plan.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":"06 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-910X.1000270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70281718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000277
H. Okada, S. Ozaki, Y. Shinagawa, H. Yokoi, S. Miyahara
Objective: The development of atherosclerosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients is associated with malnutrition. However, the relation between the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI), as a diagnostic assessment tool for atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO), and nutritional indicators has not been well studied. The present study was performed to identify nutritional factors related to atherosclerosis by investigating the relationship between the ABI and various parameters, including the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) as a nutritional indicator, in HD patients. Methods: We measured the ABI of 47 HD patients and compared its relationship to patient characteristics (sex, age, and history of diabetes), laboratory parameters (white blood cell count, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDLC], and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and the GNRI. The patients were categorized into two groups according to whether their ABI value was above or below 0.9, with a low ABI being a diagnostic marker for ASO. The results from the two groups were then analyzed and compared. Results: The percentage of patients with an ABI <0.9 was 66%. Linear regression analysis revealed that a low ABI was significantly associated with a low GNRI, low hematocrit, hemoglobin, and LDL-C levels, high levels of inflammatory parameters (CRP level and white blood cell count); and a high platelet count. Among the factors having significant association with ABI in linear regression analysis, those related to nutritional status and inflammation were selected and used as explanatory variables in multiple logistic regression analysis, where the dependent variables were the two groups. We found only GNRI was a significant predictive factor for ABI. Conclusion: The ABI in HD patients was associated with indicators of the nutritional status. In the multivariate analysis, a low GNRI was a significant predictive indicator for a low ABI.
{"title":"Association between the Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index and Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index in Hemodialysis Patients","authors":"H. Okada, S. Ozaki, Y. Shinagawa, H. Yokoi, S. Miyahara","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000277","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The development of atherosclerosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients is associated with malnutrition. However, the relation between the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI), as a diagnostic assessment tool for atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO), and nutritional indicators has not been well studied. The present study was performed to identify nutritional factors related to atherosclerosis by investigating the relationship between the ABI and various parameters, including the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) as a nutritional indicator, in HD patients. Methods: We measured the ABI of 47 HD patients and compared its relationship to patient characteristics (sex, age, and history of diabetes), laboratory parameters (white blood cell count, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDLC], and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and the GNRI. The patients were categorized into two groups according to whether their ABI value was above or below 0.9, with a low ABI being a diagnostic marker for ASO. The results from the two groups were then analyzed and compared. Results: The percentage of patients with an ABI <0.9 was 66%. Linear regression analysis revealed that a low ABI was significantly associated with a low GNRI, low hematocrit, hemoglobin, and LDL-C levels, high levels of inflammatory parameters (CRP level and white blood cell count); and a high platelet count. Among the factors having significant association with ABI in linear regression analysis, those related to nutritional status and inflammation were selected and used as explanatory variables in multiple logistic regression analysis, where the dependent variables were the two groups. We found only GNRI was a significant predictive factor for ABI. Conclusion: The ABI in HD patients was associated with indicators of the nutritional status. In the multivariate analysis, a low GNRI was a significant predictive indicator for a low ABI.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-910X.1000277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70282423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-22DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000250
Babur Shakirov
Foot burns in a pediatric patient require special consideration. In deep burns of III-IV degree in children, covering 5% and more of the body surface, that cause the development of burn disease, most patients develop osteoporosis of uniform, spotted and reparative type. 79 patients aged 14 years and younger underwent X-ray examination at the Burn department of RSCUMA and the Samarkand Inter-Regional Burn Centre. X-ray method is the main in recognition and study of the pathology of bones and cartilages of the foot and ankle joint. In prolonged treatment of burn disease premature degenerative changes of joint, sublaxations, ankilosis and calcification in para-articular soft tissues were observed. The early surgical treatment of burnt foot deformation leads to definite positive changes in bones.
{"title":"Post-Burn Roentgengraphic Study of the Foot in Children","authors":"Babur Shakirov","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000250","url":null,"abstract":"Foot burns in a pediatric patient require special consideration. In deep burns of III-IV degree in children, covering 5% and more of the body surface, that cause the development of burn disease, most patients develop osteoporosis of uniform, spotted and reparative type. 79 patients aged 14 years and younger underwent X-ray examination at the Burn department of RSCUMA and the Samarkand Inter-Regional Burn Centre. X-ray method is the main in recognition and study of the pathology of bones and cartilages of the foot and ankle joint. In prolonged treatment of burn disease premature degenerative changes of joint, sublaxations, ankilosis and calcification in para-articular soft tissues were observed. The early surgical treatment of burnt foot deformation leads to definite positive changes in bones.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-910X.1000250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-18DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000249
Hatim Abdulhussein, O. Chan, S. Morton, Stephen Kelly, N. Padhiar, X. Valle, J. King, Sean Williams, D. Morrissey
Objective: High volume image guided injections of local anaesthetic and saline plus steroid plus structured rehabilitation (HVIGI and SR) have been shown to improve outcomes in Achilles tendinopathy (AT) patients. Due to concerns about steroid safety, our aim was to determine whether omitting the steroid altered the clinical effects of HVIGI and SR. Methods: 23 consecutively recruited patients with AT (26 symptomatic tendons) were treated with a HVIGI composed of 10mls of 0.5% Marcaine mixed with either 40 ml of normal saline including 25 mg of hydrocortisone or 40 ml of saline only. Treatment allocation was determined by patient selection. The VISA-A questionnaire and visual analogue scales (VAS) were administered at pre-injection; 2, 6 and 10 weeks; and 12-month follow-up. Results: VISA-A scores improved significantly in both groups, from a pre-injection mean (± SD) of 42.0 (± 20.5) to 86.9 (± 11.8) (p<0.01) in the ‘with steroid’ group, and from 42.6 (± 9.1) to 83.3 (± 12.2) (p<0.01) in the non-steroid group at final follow-up. VAS scores improved significantly in both groups. There was no statistically significance difference between the groups at baseline or any follow-up, in either VISA-A and VAS changes. A stronger effect size in favour of no steroid was seen at 10 weeks. Conclusion: Overall, HVIGI and SR without steroid yields similar effects on pain reduction and functional improvement in comparison to HVIGI and SR with steroid. These results suggest that the effects of the injection may be mechanical rather than chemical, and that the steroid can be omitted. A randomised controlled trial is required to confirm this.
{"title":"High Volume Image Guided Injections with or without Steroid for Mid-Portion Achilles Tendinopathy: A Pilot Study","authors":"Hatim Abdulhussein, O. Chan, S. Morton, Stephen Kelly, N. Padhiar, X. Valle, J. King, Sean Williams, D. Morrissey","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000249","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: High volume image guided injections of local anaesthetic and saline plus steroid plus structured rehabilitation (HVIGI and SR) have been shown to improve outcomes in Achilles tendinopathy (AT) patients. Due to concerns about steroid safety, our aim was to determine whether omitting the steroid altered the clinical effects of HVIGI and SR. Methods: 23 consecutively recruited patients with AT (26 symptomatic tendons) were treated with a HVIGI composed of 10mls of 0.5% Marcaine mixed with either 40 ml of normal saline including 25 mg of hydrocortisone or 40 ml of saline only. Treatment allocation was determined by patient selection. The VISA-A questionnaire and visual analogue scales (VAS) were administered at pre-injection; 2, 6 and 10 weeks; and 12-month follow-up. Results: VISA-A scores improved significantly in both groups, from a pre-injection mean (± SD) of 42.0 (± 20.5) to 86.9 (± 11.8) (p<0.01) in the ‘with steroid’ group, and from 42.6 (± 9.1) to 83.3 (± 12.2) (p<0.01) in the non-steroid group at final follow-up. VAS scores improved significantly in both groups. There was no statistically significance difference between the groups at baseline or any follow-up, in either VISA-A and VAS changes. A stronger effect size in favour of no steroid was seen at 10 weeks. Conclusion: Overall, HVIGI and SR without steroid yields similar effects on pain reduction and functional improvement in comparison to HVIGI and SR with steroid. These results suggest that the effects of the injection may be mechanical rather than chemical, and that the steroid can be omitted. A randomised controlled trial is required to confirm this.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-910X.1000249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48572691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-28DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000245
Y. Jammes, M. Viala, Wendy Dutto, J. Weber, R. Guieu
Objective: The cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the foot sole detect the changes in the application of mechanical loads on the plantar surface during gait and standing, and contribute to controlling the standing balance and postural reflexes in healthy subjects. A local thickening of the foot sole skin occurs in response to repetitive load application. We hypothesized that an elevated skin hardness of the foot sole could reduce its mechano sensitivity. Methods: In healthy subjects, we quantified the sensation produced by different amplitudes of vibratory stimulations at two frequencies (25 and 150 Hz). The vibration threshold was determined on the 1st or 2nd, and 5th metatarsal heads, and the heel at each vibration frequency. The Stevens power function (Ψ=k.Φn) allowed to obtain regression equations between the estimate (Ψ) of the vibratory stimuli and their physical magnitude (Φ). Any increase in the absolute k value (all were negative) indicated a reduced sensitivity to the lowest loads. The n coefficient measured the global perception. The highest skin hardness (Shore) was measured on the 5th metatarsal head and the heel. In some subjects, superficial skin abrasion of the 5th metatarsal head was performed and the vibration sensitivity was tested again. Results: The vibration threshold was significantly higher at the level of the 5th metatarsal head and the heel. The k value was significantly higher at the 25 and 150 Hz frequencies for the 5th metatarsal head, and only at 25 Hz for the heel. At both vibration frequencies, negative correlations were obtained between the k values and skin hardness. After skin abrasion, the n coefficient was significantly higher at both vibration frequencies. Conclusion: Skin hardness affects the foot sole mechano sensitivity and could alter the control of posture during standing and walking. This indicates that foot care by podiatrist are relevant to improve posture control.
{"title":"Skin Hardness and Epidermal Thickness Affect the Vibration Sensitivity of the Foot Sole","authors":"Y. Jammes, M. Viala, Wendy Dutto, J. Weber, R. Guieu","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000245","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the foot sole detect the changes in the application of mechanical loads on the plantar surface during gait and standing, and contribute to controlling the standing balance and postural reflexes in healthy subjects. A local thickening of the foot sole skin occurs in response to repetitive load application. We hypothesized that an elevated skin hardness of the foot sole could reduce its mechano sensitivity. \u0000Methods: In healthy subjects, we quantified the sensation produced by different amplitudes of vibratory stimulations at two frequencies (25 and 150 Hz). The vibration threshold was determined on the 1st or 2nd, and 5th metatarsal heads, and the heel at each vibration frequency. The Stevens power function (Ψ=k.Φn) allowed to obtain regression equations between the estimate (Ψ) of the vibratory stimuli and their physical magnitude (Φ). Any increase in the absolute k value (all were negative) indicated a reduced sensitivity to the lowest loads. The n coefficient measured the global perception. The highest skin hardness (Shore) was measured on the 5th metatarsal head and the heel. In some subjects, superficial skin abrasion of the 5th metatarsal head was performed and the vibration sensitivity was tested again. \u0000Results: The vibration threshold was significantly higher at the level of the 5th metatarsal head and the heel. The k value was significantly higher at the 25 and 150 Hz frequencies for the 5th metatarsal head, and only at 25 Hz for the heel. At both vibration frequencies, negative correlations were obtained between the k values and skin hardness. After skin abrasion, the n coefficient was significantly higher at both vibration frequencies. \u0000Conclusion: Skin hardness affects the foot sole mechano sensitivity and could alter the control of posture during standing and walking. This indicates that foot care by podiatrist are relevant to improve posture control.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-910X.1000245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47079349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-31DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000242
T. Yousri, Wright Se, R. Atkins
Fracture of the calcaneum is common, and the majority are displaced intra-articular fracture patterns. Over the last three decades there have been considerable advances in the management of this injury. Open reduction and internal fixation is an accepted treatment for displaced fractures, and percutaneous techniques are now emerging. However, surgical treatment remains controversial, and many fractures are still managed conservatively. Non-operative management of displaced fractures may result in a disabling fracture malunion. The malunion is often a widened and depressed calcaneum, with subtalar joint disruption. This creates a five time risk of requiring a subtalar arthrodesis within 5 years of injury. Affected patients are frequently men of working age, with potentially significant socioeconomic consequences. Bone Block Distraction Arthrodesis (BBDA) is a technique used for the management of calcaneal malunion. In BBDA, restoration of the talocalcaneal height has been described for reconstitution of the talocalcaneal relationship. By restoring the talo calcaneal height, anterior tibio-talar impingement is relieved and ankle dorsiflexion range improved. In our clinical experience we have also noted a rotational change in the talus with loss of calcaneal height. We hypothesised that depression of the calcaneal articular surface causes extension of the talus in the sagittal plane, causing anterior tibiotalar impingement, but additionally, incongruity of the talonavicular joint. This hypothesis is important in surgical correction, because classical BBDA may need to be modified to include reversal of the abnormal talar rotation to restore Chopart’s joint alignment. Appropriate restoration of the subtalar joint surface and talonavicular joint anatomy is likely to reduce the need for arthrodesis, and improve function. This cadaveric study is a proof of concept aiming to demonstrate changes in talar inclination and talo-navicular joint alignment following loss of calcaneum height, as is the case in calcaneum malunion, and then following restoration of the calcaneal height as in BBDA.
{"title":"The Effect of Alterations of Calcaneal Height on the Ankle and ChopartâÂÂsJoint: A Cadaveric Study","authors":"T. Yousri, Wright Se, R. Atkins","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000242","url":null,"abstract":"Fracture of the calcaneum is common, and the majority are displaced intra-articular fracture patterns. Over the last three decades there have been considerable advances in the management of this injury. Open reduction and internal fixation is an accepted treatment for displaced fractures, and percutaneous techniques are now emerging. However, surgical treatment remains controversial, and many fractures are still managed conservatively. \u0000Non-operative management of displaced fractures may result in a disabling fracture malunion. The malunion is often a widened and depressed calcaneum, with subtalar joint disruption. This creates a five time risk of requiring a subtalar arthrodesis within 5 years of injury. Affected patients are frequently men of working age, with potentially significant socioeconomic consequences. Bone Block Distraction Arthrodesis (BBDA) is a technique used for the management of calcaneal malunion. In BBDA, restoration of the talocalcaneal height has been described for reconstitution of the talocalcaneal relationship. By restoring the talo calcaneal height, anterior tibio-talar impingement is relieved and ankle dorsiflexion range improved. \u0000In our clinical experience we have also noted a rotational change in the talus with loss of calcaneal height. We hypothesised that depression of the calcaneal articular surface causes extension of the talus in the sagittal plane, causing anterior tibiotalar impingement, but additionally, incongruity of the talonavicular joint. This hypothesis is important in surgical correction, because classical BBDA may need to be modified to include reversal of the abnormal talar rotation to restore Chopart’s joint alignment. Appropriate restoration of the subtalar joint surface and talonavicular joint anatomy is likely to reduce the need for arthrodesis, and improve function. \u0000This cadaveric study is a proof of concept aiming to demonstrate changes in talar inclination and talo-navicular joint alignment following loss of calcaneum height, as is the case in calcaneum malunion, and then following restoration of the calcaneal height as in BBDA.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-910X.1000242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44515584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-18DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000239
Prateek Rangra, D. Santos, A. Coda, Kavi C. Jagadamma
Background: The body of empirical research is suggestive of the fact that faster walking speed and increasing heel height can both give rise to elevated plantar pressures. However, there is little evidence of the interaction between walking speed and heel height on changes in plantar pressure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the effect of heel height on plantar pressure is the same for different walking speeds.Methodology: Eighteen healthy adults, between the ages of 18 and 35 were assessed for changes in peak plantar pressure at walking speeds of 0.5 mph, 0.8 mph, 1.4 mph and 2.4 mph on a treadmill, wearing heels of 2 cm, 3 cm, 6 cm and 9 cm. Both the speed of walking and heels were randomly assigned to each participant. Peak plantar pressure values were determined in the forefoot region using the F-scan system which made use of in-shoe insoles. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA.Results: Increasing heel height and walking speed resulted in significantly higher peak plantar pressure in the forefoot. Post-hoc analysis also confirmed the findings of two-way ANOVA of significant increase in peak plantar pressure with increments in heel height and walking speed. The two-way ANOVA illustrated significantly higher peak plantar pressures in both the forefeet due to interaction of walking speed and increasing heel heights.Conclusion: This study suggests that an interaction of walking speed and footwear design on distribution of plantar pressure exists. Therefore it is necessary to standardize walking speed and shoe design in future studies evaluating plantar pressures.
{"title":"The Influence of Walking Speed and Heel Height on Peak Plantar Pressure in the Forefoot of Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study","authors":"Prateek Rangra, D. Santos, A. Coda, Kavi C. Jagadamma","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000239","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The body of empirical research is suggestive of the fact that faster walking speed and increasing heel height can both give rise to elevated plantar pressures. However, there is little evidence of the interaction between walking speed and heel height on changes in plantar pressure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the effect of heel height on plantar pressure is the same for different walking speeds.Methodology: Eighteen healthy adults, between the ages of 18 and 35 were assessed for changes in peak plantar pressure at walking speeds of 0.5 mph, 0.8 mph, 1.4 mph and 2.4 mph on a treadmill, wearing heels of 2 cm, 3 cm, 6 cm and 9 cm. Both the speed of walking and heels were randomly assigned to each participant. Peak plantar pressure values were determined in the forefoot region using the F-scan system which made use of in-shoe insoles. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA.Results: Increasing heel height and walking speed resulted in significantly higher peak plantar pressure in the forefoot. Post-hoc analysis also confirmed the findings of two-way ANOVA of significant increase in peak plantar pressure with increments in heel height and walking speed. The two-way ANOVA illustrated significantly higher peak plantar pressures in both the forefeet due to interaction of walking speed and increasing heel heights.Conclusion: This study suggests that an interaction of walking speed and footwear design on distribution of plantar pressure exists. Therefore it is necessary to standardize walking speed and shoe design in future studies evaluating plantar pressures.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-910X.1000239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43012253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-28DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000238
Codjo Hl, Sonou A, Wanvoegbe A, Doyigbe M, Adjagba P, Hounkponou M, Alassani A, Dohou Shm, Gounongbe F, Ahoui S, Houenassi M
Background: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a real silent killer with a strong predictive value for cardiovascular cause mortality. We aim to assess the prevalence and factors associated with PAD among workers Cotonou city (BENIN).Methods: It was a cross-sectional study from June to September 2013 conducted within three societies in Cotonou area. We have done a systematic recruitment among workers, aged 18 and over, who signed the consent document. PAD was retained when ankle brachial index was âA¯Â?½¤ 0.90. Other data collected were information on cardiovascular risk factor and socio-demographic data. SPSS 17 software was used to perform data quantitative analysis.Results: We registered 989 workers aged 23 to 78 years with a mean age of 52.3 ± 9.4 years. PAD was diagnosed in 47 (4.7%) among whom 2 (4.2%) had intermittent claudication. In univariate analysis, a significantly higher prevalence of PAD was found among workers with age âA¯Â?½¥ 60 years (9.5% vs. 4.2%; p=0.015), female sex (8.0% vs. 3.8%; p=0.008), history of diabetes (11.5% vs. 4.2%; p=0.003) and hyperglycemia the date of survey (10.2% vs. 2.4%; p<0.001). After logistic regression analysis, age ≥ 60 years, female and diabetes history were independently associated with PAD.Conclusions: The prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) among population of Cotonou was high. Some factors associated with PAD in this study are classical risk factor for PAD. But tobacco use, hypertension and dyslipidemia were not associated with high prevalence of PAD. Further investigations are needed to assess the real risk factors of PAD among black African people.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease of Lower Limbs among Workers toCotonou in 2013","authors":"Codjo Hl, Sonou A, Wanvoegbe A, Doyigbe M, Adjagba P, Hounkponou M, Alassani A, Dohou Shm, Gounongbe F, Ahoui S, Houenassi M","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000238","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a real silent killer with a strong predictive value for cardiovascular cause mortality. We aim to assess the prevalence and factors associated with PAD among workers Cotonou city (BENIN).Methods: It was a cross-sectional study from June to September 2013 conducted within three societies in Cotonou area. We have done a systematic recruitment among workers, aged 18 and over, who signed the consent document. PAD was retained when ankle brachial index was âA¯Â?½¤ 0.90. Other data collected were information on cardiovascular risk factor and socio-demographic data. SPSS 17 software was used to perform data quantitative analysis.Results: We registered 989 workers aged 23 to 78 years with a mean age of 52.3 ± 9.4 years. PAD was diagnosed in 47 (4.7%) among whom 2 (4.2%) had intermittent claudication. In univariate analysis, a significantly higher prevalence of PAD was found among workers with age âA¯Â?½¥ 60 years (9.5% vs. 4.2%; p=0.015), female sex (8.0% vs. 3.8%; p=0.008), history of diabetes (11.5% vs. 4.2%; p=0.003) and hyperglycemia the date of survey (10.2% vs. 2.4%; p<0.001). After logistic regression analysis, age ≥ 60 years, female and diabetes history were independently associated with PAD.Conclusions: The prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) among population of Cotonou was high. Some factors associated with PAD in this study are classical risk factor for PAD. But tobacco use, hypertension and dyslipidemia were not associated with high prevalence of PAD. Further investigations are needed to assess the real risk factors of PAD among black African people.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-910X.1000238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49410370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-10DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000234
T. Fukui, Y. Otake, T. Kondo
It has been observed for a long period that in analytical research of 3-D motion, the location of markers placed on the skin does not coincide with the location of underlying bones. This is called a skin movement artifact (SMA) or soft tissue artifact. SMAs have caused greater errors than instrumental errors [1]. As the difference between skeletal and external motions is large [2], skin marker-derived kinematics are not representative of the underlying bone motion [3]. Researchers have made extensive efforts to minimize SMAs; nevertheless, kinematic estimation errors are present, even if the bestperforming pose estimator is used [4]. These findings showed that considerable sliding occurs between the skin and underlying bones during joint movement, particularly between the subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. The magnitude of SMAs depended on the body site. SMAs have been found to reach magnitudes greater than 30 mm on the thigh and up to 15 mm on the shank, according to a systematic review [5]. Additionally, STA has a movement feature. SMAs are associated with unison movement of the marker set, suggesting that a large amount of kinematic noise is produced by the synchronous “shifting” marker sets [6]. The results of recent studies suggest the presence of linear SMAs, with synchronous shifting of the marker set and correlation with joint rotation.
{"title":"Skin Movement Rules Relative to Joint Motions","authors":"T. Fukui, Y. Otake, T. Kondo","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000234","url":null,"abstract":"It has been observed for a long period that in analytical research of 3-D motion, the location of markers placed on the skin does not coincide with the location of underlying bones. This is called a skin movement artifact (SMA) or soft tissue artifact. SMAs have caused greater errors than instrumental errors [1]. As the difference between skeletal and external motions is large [2], skin marker-derived kinematics are not representative of the underlying bone motion [3]. Researchers have made extensive efforts to minimize SMAs; nevertheless, kinematic estimation errors are present, even if the bestperforming pose estimator is used [4]. These findings showed that considerable sliding occurs between the skin and underlying bones during joint movement, particularly between the subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. The magnitude of SMAs depended on the body site. SMAs have been found to reach magnitudes greater than 30 mm on the thigh and up to 15 mm on the shank, according to a systematic review [5]. Additionally, STA has a movement feature. SMAs are associated with unison movement of the marker set, suggesting that a large amount of kinematic noise is produced by the synchronous “shifting” marker sets [6]. The results of recent studies suggest the presence of linear SMAs, with synchronous shifting of the marker set and correlation with joint rotation.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-910X.1000234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42453914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000228
T. Badam, S. Devadoss, S. MuthukumarBalaji, Jayakumar Subbiah, A. Devadoss
Chondrosarcoma of bone is a well-recognized disorder with distinct clinicopathological and radiological features. It is commonly reported to occur in fourth to sixth decade of life, in flat and long bones, with involvement of small bones of hand and foot being rare. Chondrosarcoma of calcaneum is also a rare entity, of which most of them are conventional type of chondrosarcoma. Myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma involving calcaneum is even rare, with very few cases being reported in the English literature. We are reporting an unusual case of myxoid chondrosarcoma of bone occurring at an unusual site (calcaneum) with an unusual presentation.
{"title":"Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of Calcaneum: Unusual in unusual","authors":"T. Badam, S. Devadoss, S. MuthukumarBalaji, Jayakumar Subbiah, A. Devadoss","doi":"10.4172/2329-910X.1000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-910X.1000228","url":null,"abstract":"Chondrosarcoma of bone is a well-recognized disorder with distinct clinicopathological and radiological features. \u0000 It is commonly reported to occur in fourth to sixth decade of life, in flat and long bones, with involvement of small \u0000 bones of hand and foot being rare. Chondrosarcoma of calcaneum is also a rare entity, of which most of them are \u0000 conventional type of chondrosarcoma. Myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma involving calcaneum is even rare, with \u0000 very few cases being reported in the English literature. We are reporting an unusual case of myxoid \u0000 chondrosarcoma of bone occurring at an unusual site (calcaneum) with an unusual presentation.","PeriodicalId":92013,"journal":{"name":"Clinical research on foot & ankle","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45336481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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