Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2452
C. Morales, L. Torres, Fabricio Brollo
Guided tours of the RA-6 nuclear research reactor provide a unique opportunity to bring students, teachers, researchers, and the general public closer to the reality of this technology. They aim to promote a deeper understanding of its operation, facilities, applications, and safety protocols, with the goal of dispelling misconceptions, overcoming myths, and alleviating associated fears. Year after year, from 2018, excluding the pandemic period, the number of visitors has increased, reaching over 3000 individuals in 2023 from Argentina and various regions of Latin America and the world. This increase has had a positive impact on both the community and public perception regarding nuclear technology.
{"title":"Análisis integral de visitas guiadas al reactor de investigación nuclear RA-6: perspectivas educativas, de investigación y sociales","authors":"C. Morales, L. Torres, Fabricio Brollo","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2452","url":null,"abstract":"Guided tours of the RA-6 nuclear research reactor provide a unique opportunity to bring students, teachers, researchers, and the general public closer to the reality of this technology. They aim to promote a deeper understanding of its operation, facilities, applications, and safety protocols, with the goal of dispelling misconceptions, overcoming myths, and alleviating associated fears. Year after year, from 2018, excluding the pandemic period, the number of visitors has increased, reaching over 3000 individuals in 2023 from Argentina and various regions of Latin America and the world. This increase has had a positive impact on both the community and public perception regarding nuclear technology.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2439
Marcio Luis De Paula, Maurício Moralles, F. Genezini, Paulo de Tarso Dalledone Siqueira, Iberê Souza Ribeiro Junior, Iremar Alves da Silva Júnior
This work was developed with the aim of improving the current sample exchange system of the BH-3 irradiation channel of the IEA-R1 reactor at IPEN. The instrument's operating concept will provide a better use of the irradiation space as well as greater safety and confidence to the operator. The development of the system involved 3D modeling, sizing, construction and non-destructive testing of the various parts, and analysis of neutron-induced activation of the materials most exposed to the beam. A programmable logic controller (PLC) was implemented for the system’s control inside a dedicated electrical panel that was built with materials compatible with the location. The system was designed to support samples weighing up to 15 kg. Bench tests were carried out and showed that the system performs the necessary functions to accurately position samples in three locations: outside the biological shield, at the irradiation channel and at the decay waiting station. The implementation of this instrument will contribute to the application of the ALARA principle in the operator activities at the BH-3 irradiation channel.
{"title":"Development of a sample exchange system for irradiations in the BH-3 channel of the IEA-R1 reactor at IPEN","authors":"Marcio Luis De Paula, Maurício Moralles, F. Genezini, Paulo de Tarso Dalledone Siqueira, Iberê Souza Ribeiro Junior, Iremar Alves da Silva Júnior","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2439","url":null,"abstract":"This work was developed with the aim of improving the current sample exchange system of the BH-3 irradiation channel of the IEA-R1 reactor at IPEN. The instrument's operating concept will provide a better use of the irradiation space as well as greater safety and confidence to the operator. The development of the system involved 3D modeling, sizing, construction and non-destructive testing of the various parts, and analysis of neutron-induced activation of the materials most exposed to the beam. A programmable logic controller (PLC) was implemented for the system’s control inside a dedicated electrical panel that was built with materials compatible with the location. The system was designed to support samples weighing up to 15 kg. Bench tests were carried out and showed that the system performs the necessary functions to accurately position samples in three locations: outside the biological shield, at the irradiation channel and at the decay waiting station. The implementation of this instrument will contribute to the application of the ALARA principle in the operator activities at the BH-3 irradiation channel.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2435
I. Rosa, Janine Hastenteufel Dias, Rochelle Lykawka, Maurício Anés, Luany Nobre Furlan, A. Bacelar
Radiography is a crucial diagnostic imaging modality in clinical practice, with persistent challenges in digital radiography regarding the level of exposure. The International Electrotechnical Commission standardized the Exposure Index (EI) and Deviation Index (DI) in digital systems, aiming to improve the assessment of radiation exposure. Each exam has an associated Target Exposure Index (EIT), representing the balance between radiation dose and image quality. This study analyzed the EI and DI of digital radiographs at a university hospital, using a database of 71,760 radiographs. The analysis considered the action limits as suggested by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). The group of exposures carried out in radiography rooms presented a DI of 1.2, while that of exposures carried out on mobile equipment, 2.4. In contrast, the first group presented standard deviation values between 1.5 and 3.9, while the second, between 1.8 and 2.6. These results suggest that exposures performed using Automatic Exposure Control (CAE) differ less from EIT, however, radiographic techniques were more standardized among exams with mobile equipment, performed with manual selection of exposure parameters, as these exams presented a smaller DI dispersion range. The creation of an automated tool in Google Looker Studio facilitated interactive data analysis, presenting information by anatomical region and view, with the potential to continuously monitor radiological practices. For certain incidences, the average DI values obtained differed substantially from the ideal value, which requires optimization actions, investigation into the definition of adequate EIT and calibration of the CAE. The study provided a detailed overview of local radiographic practices, highlighting priorities for optimization and standardization actions.
放射摄影是临床实践中一种重要的影像诊断方式，但数字放射摄影在辐射水平方面一直面临挑战。国际电工委员会对数字系统中的暴露指数（EI）和偏差指数（DI）进行了标准化，旨在改进辐射暴露的评估。每项检查都有一个相关的目标暴露指数（EIT），代表辐射剂量和图像质量之间的平衡。这项研究使用一个包含 71,760 张射线照片的数据库，分析了一家大学医院数字射线照片的 EI 和 DI。分析考虑了美国医学物理学家协会（AAPM）建议的行动限值。在放射室进行的照射组的 DI 值为 1.2，而在移动设备上进行的照射组的 DI 值为 2.4。相比之下，第一组的标准偏差值介于 1.5 和 3.9 之间，第二组介于 1.8 和 2.6 之间。这些结果表明，使用自动曝光控制（CAE）进行的曝光与 EIT 的差异较小，但在使用移动设备、手动选择曝光参数的检查中，放射技术的标准化程度更高，因为这些检查的 DI 分散范围较小。在谷歌Looker Studio中创建的自动化工具促进了交互式数据分析，按解剖区域和视图显示信息，具有持续监控放射操作的潜力。在某些病例中，获得的平均 DI 值与理想值相差很大，这就需要采取优化措施、调查适当的 EIT 定义和校准 CAE。这项研究提供了当地放射学实践的详细概览，突出了优化和标准化行动的优先事项。
{"title":"Análise dos índices de exposição de exames de radiografia digital","authors":"I. Rosa, Janine Hastenteufel Dias, Rochelle Lykawka, Maurício Anés, Luany Nobre Furlan, A. Bacelar","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2435","url":null,"abstract":"Radiography is a crucial diagnostic imaging modality in clinical practice, with persistent challenges in digital radiography regarding the level of exposure. The International Electrotechnical Commission standardized the Exposure Index (EI) and Deviation Index (DI) in digital systems, aiming to improve the assessment of radiation exposure. Each exam has an associated Target Exposure Index (EIT), representing the balance between radiation dose and image quality. This study analyzed the EI and DI of digital radiographs at a university hospital, using a database of 71,760 radiographs. The analysis considered the action limits as suggested by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). The group of exposures carried out in radiography rooms presented a DI of 1.2, while that of exposures carried out on mobile equipment, 2.4. In contrast, the first group presented standard deviation values between 1.5 and 3.9, while the second, between 1.8 and 2.6. These results suggest that exposures performed using Automatic Exposure Control (CAE) differ less from EIT, however, radiographic techniques were more standardized among exams with mobile equipment, performed with manual selection of exposure parameters, as these exams presented a smaller DI dispersion range. The creation of an automated tool in Google Looker Studio facilitated interactive data analysis, presenting information by anatomical region and view, with the potential to continuously monitor radiological practices. For certain incidences, the average DI values obtained differed substantially from the ideal value, which requires optimization actions, investigation into the definition of adequate EIT and calibration of the CAE. The study provided a detailed overview of local radiographic practices, highlighting priorities for optimization and standardization actions.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2425
Erik Lago, Dany Sanchez Dominguez, L. Mazaira
The study of nuclear energy using computational codes has been widely explored by nuclear engineering researchers through various calculations over the years, with emphasis on neutron and thermo-hydraulic calculations. The need for designing a reactor model that would produce energy at a lower cost per MWh highlighted the importance of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) reactors. Development: The present work aims to carry out a study related to the coupling of two computational codes, SERPENT and ANSYS FLUENT, using an SMR PWR reactor model (Pressurized Water Reactor) from the company B&W Generation, called mPower. Methods: The geometry of a pin of the mPower reactor was modeled and neutronics analyses of the model were performed using SERPENT code, while thermo-hydraulic analysis was simulated using FLUENT code. A coupling algorithm between these two simulation tools was built to automate the process of obtaining operational conditions for the effective operation of the reactor. Results: This work enabled the development of a tool that performs the multiphysics coupling between neutronic and thermos-hydraulic phenomena on mPower fuel pin. Conclusion: Multiphysics simulation, which considers the interaction between neutronic and thermal dynamics, provides an enhanced understanding of reactor operation. In this simulation, the power distribution generated by the neutronic code is used as input for the thermo-hydraulic code. Conversely, the temperature distribution obtained from the thermo-hydraulic simulation is fed back into a subsequent iteration of the neutronic analysis, thus achieving a coupling between these phenomena. To obtain accurate estimates for the power and temperature distributions, an automated process based on Python programming was implemented.
{"title":"Multiphysics Computational Modeling of Nuclear Reactors Small Size Through the Coupling of Serpent Codes and Fluent","authors":"Erik Lago, Dany Sanchez Dominguez, L. Mazaira","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2425","url":null,"abstract":"The study of nuclear energy using computational codes has been widely explored by nuclear engineering researchers through various calculations over the years, with emphasis on neutron and thermo-hydraulic calculations. The need for designing a reactor model that would produce energy at a lower cost per MWh highlighted the importance of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) reactors. Development: The present work aims to carry out a study related to the coupling of two computational codes, SERPENT and ANSYS FLUENT, using an SMR PWR reactor model (Pressurized Water Reactor) from the company B&W Generation, called mPower. Methods: The geometry of a pin of the mPower reactor was modeled and neutronics analyses of the model were performed using SERPENT code, while thermo-hydraulic analysis was simulated using FLUENT code. A coupling algorithm between these two simulation tools was built to automate the process of obtaining operational conditions for the effective operation of the reactor. Results: This work enabled the development of a tool that performs the multiphysics coupling between neutronic and thermos-hydraulic phenomena on mPower fuel pin. Conclusion: Multiphysics simulation, which considers the interaction between neutronic and thermal dynamics, provides an enhanced understanding of reactor operation. In this simulation, the power distribution generated by the neutronic code is used as input for the thermo-hydraulic code. Conversely, the temperature distribution obtained from the thermo-hydraulic simulation is fed back into a subsequent iteration of the neutronic analysis, thus achieving a coupling between these phenomena. To obtain accurate estimates for the power and temperature distributions, an automated process based on Python programming was implemented.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2460
L. Rodrigues, Claudio Antonio Federico, Tercio Brum, Sergio Gavazza, Jéssica De Moutta Gomes, Edson Ramos de Andrade
The objective of this research is to evaluate various polymeric materials that have the potential to serve as substitutes or supplements to heavy vehicle structures for radiation-intensive environments. The materials under investigation include Nylon 6 (PA-6, C6H11NO), polyethylene (PE, C2H4), polypropylene (PP, C3H6), polyvinyl chloride (PVC, C2H3Cl), and polymethylacrylate (PMMA, C5H8O2). This study's primary aim is to determine each material's effectiveness in shielding against radiation and reducing exposure to vehicle occupants. As a new approach, this research examines the impact of utilizing polymeric materials and the potential health hazards for young drivers of both sexes, such as developing solid cancers from radiation exposure. According to the study, PVC was the most efficient polymer with a Transmission Factor (TF) of 0.44, leading to a 56% decrease in the relative risk estimate for the maximum thickness evaluated (20 cm). On the other hand, PP was identified as the least efficient, with a TF of 0.65, resulting in a 35% reduction in the relative risk estimate for the same thickness. The study concludes that each polymer has varying degrees of attenuation and that combining their properties is essential to achieving the desired level of risk reduction.
{"title":"Abordagens de blindagens baseadas em polímeros como uma solução prática na redução dos riscos radiológicos em operações de campo","authors":"L. Rodrigues, Claudio Antonio Federico, Tercio Brum, Sergio Gavazza, Jéssica De Moutta Gomes, Edson Ramos de Andrade","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2460","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to evaluate various polymeric materials that have the potential to serve as substitutes or supplements to heavy vehicle structures for radiation-intensive environments. The materials under investigation include Nylon 6 (PA-6, C6H11NO), polyethylene (PE, C2H4), polypropylene (PP, C3H6), polyvinyl chloride (PVC, C2H3Cl), and polymethylacrylate (PMMA, C5H8O2). This study's primary aim is to determine each material's effectiveness in shielding against radiation and reducing exposure to vehicle occupants. As a new approach, this research examines the impact of utilizing polymeric materials and the potential health hazards for young drivers of both sexes, such as developing solid cancers from radiation exposure. According to the study, PVC was the most efficient polymer with a Transmission Factor (TF) of 0.44, leading to a 56% decrease in the relative risk estimate for the maximum thickness evaluated (20 cm). On the other hand, PP was identified as the least efficient, with a TF of 0.65, resulting in a 35% reduction in the relative risk estimate for the same thickness. The study concludes that each polymer has varying degrees of attenuation and that combining their properties is essential to achieving the desired level of risk reduction.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141339519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2416
R. Lykawka, Alexandre Bacelar, F. F. Dantas Filho, Milena Ávila Peres, Juliana Ávila Duarte
The occupational health assessment of workers exposed to ionizing radiation is done through Complete Blood Count (CBC) tests in some countries, although studies have shown that this biomarker does not show evidence of exposition to low dose radiation. It is essential to analyze the radiation level doses of healthcare workers (HCW) exposed to X-rays in a university hospital and evaluate the association of this exposure on blood exam parameters. For this purpose, CBC tests and individual records of the X-rays exposure of 766 HCW were retrospectively evaluated from 2009 to 2019. Analyzing the annual and the monthly individual effective doses, no statistically significant relationship was identified with leukocyte count (b = -0.01 (95% CI, -0.03 - 0.01); p = 0.254) and (b = -0.04 (95% CI, -0.02 - 0.12); p = 0.606) respectively; nor for platelet count (b = -0.52 (95% CI, -1,09 - 0.05); p = 0.072) and (b = -0.69 (95% CI, -3.63 - 2.25); p = 0.646), respectively. Assessing the relationship between the monthly dose and the CBC tests, we found association with the leukocyte count (b = -0.12 (95% CI, -0.19 - -0.04); p = 0.002), but did not occur for platelet count (b = -1.91 (95% CI, -4.93 - 1.11); p = 0.215). The findings of the study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant relationship, with regard to clinical validity, between the individual effective doses and the leukocyte and platelet count in the CBC test in all analyses performed.
{"title":"Ten Years Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Individual Dose of Hospital Workers Occupationally Exposed to X-Rays and its Leukocyte and Platelet Counts of the CBC Tests","authors":"R. Lykawka, Alexandre Bacelar, F. F. Dantas Filho, Milena Ávila Peres, Juliana Ávila Duarte","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2416","url":null,"abstract":"The occupational health assessment of workers exposed to ionizing radiation is done through Complete Blood Count (CBC) tests in some countries, although studies have shown that this biomarker does not show evidence of exposition to low dose radiation. It is essential to analyze the radiation level doses of healthcare workers (HCW) exposed to X-rays in a university hospital and evaluate the association of this exposure on blood exam parameters. For this purpose, CBC tests and individual records of the X-rays exposure of 766 HCW were retrospectively evaluated from 2009 to 2019. Analyzing the annual and the monthly individual effective doses, no statistically significant relationship was identified with leukocyte count (b = -0.01 (95% CI, -0.03 - 0.01); p = 0.254) and (b = -0.04 (95% CI, -0.02 - 0.12); p = 0.606) respectively; nor for platelet count (b = -0.52 (95% CI, -1,09 - 0.05); p = 0.072) and (b = -0.69 (95% CI, -3.63 - 2.25); p = 0.646), respectively. Assessing the relationship between the monthly dose and the CBC tests, we found association with the leukocyte count (b = -0.12 (95% CI, -0.19 - -0.04); p = 0.002), but did not occur for platelet count (b = -1.91 (95% CI, -4.93 - 1.11); p = 0.215). The findings of the study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant relationship, with regard to clinical validity, between the individual effective doses and the leukocyte and platelet count in the CBC test in all analyses performed.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2393
E. Macedo, Igor Garcia, Fellipe Souza Silva, Jeovana Ferreira, Samuel Façanha Jr, Monaliza Almeida, José Guilherme Pereira Peixoto
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought society many benefits, such as technological advances, and many challenges to be overcome. To increase the synergy between physical and digital systems, most often used in the optimization processes of physical systems, metrology 4.0 has become an essential tool for their development. A state-of-the-art paper is significant in understanding how these applications develop, focusing on Cyber-Physical Systems and Digital Twins in ionizing radiation. The online search was conducted in general and specific databases with keywords in English. Thus, twelve articles were analyzed and discussed, divided into three main themes: indirect applications, ionizing radiation metrology projects, and systematic reviews. It was possible to notice that the number of articles related to these technologies in ionizing radiation is still tiny compared to other areas, especially when compared to the industry, making it even more challenging.
{"title":"Digital Twin and Physical Cyber Systems Applied to Ionizing Radiation: State of the Art in Metrology 4.0","authors":"E. Macedo, Igor Garcia, Fellipe Souza Silva, Jeovana Ferreira, Samuel Façanha Jr, Monaliza Almeida, José Guilherme Pereira Peixoto","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2393","url":null,"abstract":"The Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought society many benefits, such as technological advances, and many challenges to be overcome. To increase the synergy between physical and digital systems, most often used in the optimization processes of physical systems, metrology 4.0 has become an essential tool for their development. A state-of-the-art paper is significant in understanding how these applications develop, focusing on Cyber-Physical Systems and Digital Twins in ionizing radiation. The online search was conducted in general and specific databases with keywords in English. Thus, twelve articles were analyzed and discussed, divided into three main themes: indirect applications, ionizing radiation metrology projects, and systematic reviews. It was possible to notice that the number of articles related to these technologies in ionizing radiation is still tiny compared to other areas, especially when compared to the industry, making it even more challenging.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2360
Anna Clara Moreira da Silva, Victória Garcia Moreira, Bruno Melo Mendes, R. Gontijo, Andrea Vidal Ferreira
Normalization is a step taken to correct variations in count rates between detection channels of small animals PET scanners. In general, in laboratory practice, normalization is performed using a commercial source of germanium 68. Given the half-life of the Ge-68 isotope, the normalization source must be replaced every two years at most, which generates a significant spent for the Laboratory. The objective of this work was to develop and test an alternative rechargeable source to be used on normalization routine. The results indicated that the rechargeable source (18F-FDG) can be used to replace the commercial source.
归一化是纠正小动物 PET 扫描仪检测通道之间计数率差异的一个步骤。一般来说，在实验室实践中，归一化使用锗 68 的商用源。考虑到锗 68 同位素的半衰期，归一化源最多每两年必须更换一次，这给实验室带来了巨大的开支。这项工作的目的是开发和测试一种可用于正常化例行工作的替代充电源。结果表明，可充电源（18F-FDG）可用于替代商用源。
{"title":"Development of alternative methodology for normalization of the small animals PET scanner of LIM/CDTN","authors":"Anna Clara Moreira da Silva, Victória Garcia Moreira, Bruno Melo Mendes, R. Gontijo, Andrea Vidal Ferreira","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2360","url":null,"abstract":"Normalization is a step taken to correct variations in count rates between detection channels of small animals PET scanners. In general, in laboratory practice, normalization is performed using a commercial source of germanium 68. Given the half-life of the Ge-68 isotope, the normalization source must be replaced every two years at most, which generates a significant spent for the Laboratory. The objective of this work was to develop and test an alternative rechargeable source to be used on normalization routine. The results indicated that the rechargeable source (18F-FDG) can be used to replace the commercial source.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2347
C. C. Dominguez, A. Torres, R. Alfonso
The implementation of risk analysis to all those practices that work with ionizing radiation is of paramount importance. Thanks to the studies published on risk assessment in radiation medicine, a culture on this subject is being created, which has led to the systematization of different methods created for this purpose. Such is the case of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), the basis on which this research has been developed. The American Association of Physicist in Medicine (AAMP) TG-100 report, which provides all the details on the use of this technique, is used as main reference. On the other hand, the recommendations recently published by AAMP TG-275 report are also used, applying the FMEA methodology to the high dose rate gynecological brachytherapy (B-HDR-GYN), among other practices. The novelty of this research is the implementation of an operational algorithm that improves the analytical capacity of the traditional FMEA approach by allowing the measurement of the effectiveness of defense measures within it. In this study, when the defense measures interact in the FMEA, a decrease of four RPN values of the failure modes (FM) occurs; compared to reference values. This algorithm is based on a synergy of the risk matrix (RM) approach and the information on FMEA available in the TG-100 and TG-275.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of defense measures during radiological risk assessment in gynecological brachytherapy","authors":"C. C. Dominguez, A. Torres, R. Alfonso","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2347","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of risk analysis to all those practices that work with ionizing radiation is of paramount importance. Thanks to the studies published on risk assessment in radiation medicine, a culture on this subject is being created, which has led to the systematization of different methods created for this purpose. Such is the case of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), the basis on which this research has been developed. The American Association of Physicist in Medicine (AAMP) TG-100 report, which provides all the details on the use of this technique, is used as main reference. On the other hand, the recommendations recently published by AAMP TG-275 report are also used, applying the FMEA methodology to the high dose rate gynecological brachytherapy (B-HDR-GYN), among other practices. The novelty of this research is the implementation of an operational algorithm that improves the analytical capacity of the traditional FMEA approach by allowing the measurement of the effectiveness of defense measures within it. In this study, when the defense measures interact in the FMEA, a decrease of four RPN values of the failure modes (FM) occurs; compared to reference values. This algorithm is based on a synergy of the risk matrix (RM) approach and the information on FMEA available in the TG-100 and TG-275.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2322
Fatma Omer, Youssef Abdulla, Abdullah M. Noh
A sodium sulphate/silica (Na2SO4/SiO2) composite was prepared by a sol-gel procedure using a geode as the silica source. The prepared sample was characterized by XRD, XRF and IR techniques. The Na2SO4/SiO2 has an orthorhombic phase, and an average crystalline size is about 51 nm. Thermoluminescence characteristics of Na2SO4/SiO2 were studied at different parameters. The glow curve resulting from Na2SO4/SiO2 showed one clear peak between 150 oC to 200 oC, depending on the energy. The general peak structure of the TL glow curve remains unchanged as a result of repeated cycles of irradiation at various X–ray energies, and exhibits good linearity over the used exposure. There were no significant changes in the TL reading after ten times of reuse, and the fading was observed at 56% after 15 days of irradiation and after one month about 82.3% of the TL signal was lost, and the value of Zeff of Na2SO4/SiO2 was found to be 13.56.
{"title":"Preparation and Thermoluminescence Properties of Polycrystalline Na2SO4/SiO2 composite","authors":"Fatma Omer, Youssef Abdulla, Abdullah M. Noh","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2322","url":null,"abstract":"A sodium sulphate/silica (Na2SO4/SiO2) composite was prepared by a sol-gel procedure using a geode as the silica source. The prepared sample was characterized by XRD, XRF and IR techniques. The Na2SO4/SiO2 has an orthorhombic phase, and an average crystalline size is about 51 nm. Thermoluminescence characteristics of Na2SO4/SiO2 were studied at different parameters. The glow curve resulting from Na2SO4/SiO2 showed one clear peak between 150 oC to 200 oC, depending on the energy. The general peak structure of the TL glow curve remains unchanged as a result of repeated cycles of irradiation at various X–ray energies, and exhibits good linearity over the used exposure. There were no significant changes in the TL reading after ten times of reuse, and the fading was observed at 56% after 15 days of irradiation and after one month about 82.3% of the TL signal was lost, and the value of Zeff of Na2SO4/SiO2 was found to be 13.56.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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