Pub Date : 2019-05-06DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.18
G. Bwembya, P. Junior, J. M. Thwala, Sipho Samuel Mamba, Tesfamariam Y. Debessai, Nomfundo Dlamini
The study investigated qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of organophosphate pesticide (OPP) residues in cabbages, tomatoes and soil from vegetable gardens of Manzini region and assessed the health risk to consumers. Samples were analysed using QuEChERS extraction technique and GC-ECD. Mean recoveries of the pesticides range from 70.61% to 103.76%. Among 26 samples of cabbages analysed, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dichlorvos with a mean concentration of 2.889 ± 0.617 mg/kg, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dimethoate with mean concentration of 2.898 ± 0.894 mg/kg while 5 samples (19.23%) contained both dichlorvos and dimethoate. The highest concentration of dichlorvos of 5.460 ± 0.911 mg/kg was found in Ngwempisi cabbages while the lowest concentration of 0.415 mg/kg was in Mgazini cabbages. The highest amount of dimethoate of 13.150 ± 3.246 mg/kg was in Matfunjwa cabbages while the lowest amount of dimethoate of 0.106 ± 0.187 mg/kg was in Boyane cabbages. All the contaminated cabbages had residue levels above the Codex (FAO/WHO) and EU MRLs. None of the 15 samples of tomatoes was found to be contaminated with organophosphate pesticides. Out of 41 samples of soil, chlorpyrifos was detected in only 3 samples (7.32%) with mean concentration of 1.145 ± 0.136 mg/kg. The highest amount of 2.778 ± 0.134 mg/kg was found in soil from Buoyane. The health risk estimate also demonstrated that the levels of pesticides residues in cabbages pose health threat to consumers. The results of this study provide a database on the levels of organophosphate pesticide residues in vegetables in the Manzini region to the Ministries of Agriculture and Health. This will help introduce safer pesticide management practices. It will also bring awareness to the general public on the dangers of OPPs to human health and environment.
{"title":"Assessment of the Levels and Potential Health Risk Posed by Selected Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Farms in Manzini Region, Eswatini","authors":"G. Bwembya, P. Junior, J. M. Thwala, Sipho Samuel Mamba, Tesfamariam Y. Debessai, Nomfundo Dlamini","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.18","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of organophosphate pesticide (OPP) residues in cabbages, tomatoes and soil from vegetable gardens of Manzini region and assessed the health risk to consumers. Samples were analysed using QuEChERS extraction technique and GC-ECD. Mean recoveries of the pesticides range from 70.61% to 103.76%. Among 26 samples of cabbages analysed, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dichlorvos with a mean concentration of 2.889 ± 0.617 mg/kg, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dimethoate with mean concentration of 2.898 ± 0.894 mg/kg while 5 samples (19.23%) contained both dichlorvos and dimethoate. The highest concentration of dichlorvos of 5.460 ± 0.911 mg/kg was found in Ngwempisi cabbages while the lowest concentration of 0.415 mg/kg was in Mgazini cabbages. The highest amount of dimethoate of 13.150 ± 3.246 mg/kg was in Matfunjwa cabbages while the lowest amount of dimethoate of 0.106 ± 0.187 mg/kg was in Boyane cabbages. All the contaminated cabbages had residue levels above the Codex (FAO/WHO) and EU MRLs. None of the 15 samples of tomatoes was found to be contaminated with organophosphate pesticides. Out of 41 samples of soil, chlorpyrifos was detected in only 3 samples (7.32%) with mean concentration of 1.145 ± 0.136 mg/kg. The highest amount of 2.778 ± 0.134 mg/kg was found in soil from Buoyane. The health risk estimate also demonstrated that the levels of pesticides residues in cabbages pose health threat to consumers. The results of this study provide a database on the levels of organophosphate pesticide residues in vegetables in the Manzini region to the Ministries of Agriculture and Health. This will help introduce safer pesticide management practices. It will also bring awareness to the general public on the dangers of OPPs to human health and environment.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80615235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.17
S. Khan, Tabassum Yaseen, F. Naz, S. Abidullah, M. Kamil
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil fungi, obligate biotrophic fungi and form the most common mutualistic symbiosis in nature: the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). This association occurs on the roots of most plants, promoting improvements in plant growth and development. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus aggergatums, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae and Sclerocystis niger) inoculation on growth and mycorrhizal dependency of Lens culinaris L. varieties. The experiment was carried out under natural condition with two treatments (inoculated and control) in triplicates. Inoculation of lentil plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulted a significant increase in various plant growth parameters compared to plants without inoculation. In addition, fungal inoculation significantly increased mycorrhizal dependency as compared to un-inoculated plants. It is concluded that fungal inoculation improve plant growth parameters under phosphorous deficient soil.
{"title":"Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Inoculation on Growth and Mycorrhizal Dependency of (Lens culinaris L.) Varieties","authors":"S. Khan, Tabassum Yaseen, F. Naz, S. Abidullah, M. Kamil","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.17","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil fungi, obligate biotrophic fungi and form the most common mutualistic symbiosis in nature: the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). This association occurs on the roots of most plants, promoting improvements in plant growth and development. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus aggergatums, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae and Sclerocystis niger) inoculation on growth and mycorrhizal dependency of Lens culinaris L. varieties. The experiment was carried out under natural condition with two treatments (inoculated and control) in triplicates. Inoculation of lentil plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulted a significant increase in various plant growth parameters compared to plants without inoculation. In addition, fungal inoculation significantly increased mycorrhizal dependency as compared to un-inoculated plants. It is concluded that fungal inoculation improve plant growth parameters under phosphorous deficient soil.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79989747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-19DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.16
Aserse Yenasew
This review paper was conducted to show the current status of aflatoxin contamination level of some selected crop commodities. Different data sources were collected from January, 2018 up to February, 2019 from published, unpublished and other scientific research reports. The results reported by different authors indicated that total aflatoxin, AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 are the aflatoxin types that contaminate groundnut, red pepper, maize, malt barely, sorghum and other types of crop commodities. According to different authors and research reports showed AFB1 is the most common aflatoxin type that contaminates different crops. Based on the review, the current aflatoxin contamination level of some Ethiopian crops were above permissible level according to the FAO/WHO and EU standards. This indicates that most Ethiopia people consume different crops that contaminated by aflatoxin due to lack of awareness about the cause and the effects of aflatoxin. The increment of temperature and moisture content were favorable for the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi. Different authors reported that the moisture and temperature increases, the aflatoxin contamination level of crops also increases.
{"title":"Aflatoxin Contamination Level of Different Crops in Ethiopia","authors":"Aserse Yenasew","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.16","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper was conducted to show the current status of aflatoxin contamination level of some selected crop commodities. Different data sources were collected from January, 2018 up to February, 2019 from published, unpublished and other scientific research reports. The results reported by different authors indicated that total aflatoxin, AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 are the aflatoxin types that contaminate groundnut, red pepper, maize, malt barely, sorghum and other types of crop commodities. According to different authors and research reports showed AFB1 is the most common aflatoxin type that contaminates different crops. Based on the review, the current aflatoxin contamination level of some Ethiopian crops were above permissible level according to the FAO/WHO and EU standards. This indicates that most Ethiopia people consume different crops that contaminated by aflatoxin due to lack of awareness about the cause and the effects of aflatoxin. The increment of temperature and moisture content were favorable for the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi. Different authors reported that the moisture and temperature increases, the aflatoxin contamination level of crops also increases.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76729424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.14
G. F. A. Raoof, K. Mohamed, E. Waked, H. Gomaa
The present work was carried out to studytheprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract of Diospyros lotus L. aerial parts against hepato and nephro-toxicity that was induced bycarbon tetrachloride. In addition, phytochemical screening, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and proximate analysisof the aerial parts were determined. Methanol (70%) extracts of the aerial parts of Diospyros lotus L. was prepared. Two main groups of rats were assigned which were normal and damaged liver groups that administrated CCl4 (carbon tetra chloride). Each group classified into 4 different groups normalcontrol: was received distilled water, positive control: was administered silymarin (50 mg/kg), and treated groups:were administered Diospyros lotus tested extract at two dose levels (150 and 300 mg/kg) for 15 days. Serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities were determined to evaluate hepatoprptective effect, while uric acid and creatinine levels were measured to study renal function protective effects. The results showed that the alterations induced by carbon tetrachloride were significantly restored by methanol extract of Diospyros lotus (150 and 300 mg/kg) in dose dependant manner. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes were detected as the main active constituents of the methanol extract. It can be concluded that the 70% methanol extract of Diospyros lotus L. aerial parts has a significant protective effect against acute hepato-toxicity and nephro-toxicity induced by CCl4 in ratsso it can be used as a safe hepato-nephro protective drug.
{"title":"Phytochemical Study and Protective effect of Diospyros lotus Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepato and Nephro-Toxicity in Rats","authors":"G. F. A. Raoof, K. Mohamed, E. Waked, H. Gomaa","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.14","url":null,"abstract":"The present work was carried out to studytheprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract of Diospyros lotus L. aerial parts against hepato and nephro-toxicity that was induced bycarbon tetrachloride. In addition, phytochemical screening, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and proximate analysisof the aerial parts were determined. Methanol (70%) extracts of the aerial parts of Diospyros lotus L. was prepared. Two main groups of rats were assigned which were normal and damaged liver groups that administrated CCl4 (carbon tetra chloride). Each group classified into 4 different groups normalcontrol: was received distilled water, positive control: was administered silymarin (50 mg/kg), and treated groups:were administered Diospyros lotus tested extract at two dose levels (150 and 300 mg/kg) for 15 days. Serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities were determined to evaluate hepatoprptective effect, while uric acid and creatinine levels were measured to study renal function protective effects. The results showed that the alterations induced by carbon tetrachloride were significantly restored by methanol extract of Diospyros lotus (150 and 300 mg/kg) in dose dependant manner. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes were detected as the main active constituents of the methanol extract. It can be concluded that the 70% methanol extract of Diospyros lotus L. aerial parts has a significant protective effect against acute hepato-toxicity and nephro-toxicity induced by CCl4 in ratsso it can be used as a safe hepato-nephro protective drug.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81822138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.13
A. Vijayabalan, A. Sivakumar, Nadarajan Suresh Babu, A. Amalorpavadoss
Doped ZnO with Zr has been obtained by sol-gel method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum, Scanning electron micrographs, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Powder XRD shows that synthesized Zr doped ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite structure and high crystallinity, DRS reveals that wavelength are shifted from UV region to visible region when Zr doping. PL spectra clearly reveal that the recombinations of electron-hole pair in ZnO are suppressed by Zr doping. Zr-doping enhances the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye than ZnO under visible light.
{"title":"Photocatalytic Activity of Zr Doped ZnO and Its Morphology","authors":"A. Vijayabalan, A. Sivakumar, Nadarajan Suresh Babu, A. Amalorpavadoss","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.13","url":null,"abstract":"Doped ZnO with Zr has been obtained by sol-gel method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum, Scanning electron micrographs, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Powder XRD shows that synthesized Zr doped ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite structure and high crystallinity, DRS reveals that wavelength are shifted from UV region to visible region when Zr doping. PL spectra clearly reveal that the recombinations of electron-hole pair in ZnO are suppressed by Zr doping. Zr-doping enhances the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye than ZnO under visible light.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82089605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.12
A. Dhingra, B. Chopra, R. Dass
Prodrugs are the masked forms of active drugs that are designed to be activated once they have been administered into the body by an enzymatic or chemical means. It is a well known molecular modification strategy that aims to optimize the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs to improve their undesirable pharmacokinetic properties and decrease their toxicity. In most of the cases, prodrugs design involves the introduction of carrier/promoiety by a metabolic liable linkage so that after biotransformation by one or two chemical or enzymatic steps it will lead to the active parent drug. However, some prodrugs lack an obvious promoiety but instead result from a molecular modification of the prodrug itself, which generates a new active compound. This review introduces in depth the rationale behind the use of the promoiety, and also considers the possible problems that can arise from inadequate activation of prodrugs.
{"title":"Prodrug Approach: An Alternative to Improve Pharmacokinetic Properties","authors":"A. Dhingra, B. Chopra, R. Dass","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBC.20190401.12","url":null,"abstract":"Prodrugs are the masked forms of active drugs that are designed to be activated once they have been administered into the body by an enzymatic or chemical means. It is a well known molecular modification strategy that aims to optimize the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs to improve their undesirable pharmacokinetic properties and decrease their toxicity. In most of the cases, prodrugs design involves the introduction of carrier/promoiety by a metabolic liable linkage so that after biotransformation by one or two chemical or enzymatic steps it will lead to the active parent drug. However, some prodrugs lack an obvious promoiety but instead result from a molecular modification of the prodrug itself, which generates a new active compound. This review introduces in depth the rationale behind the use of the promoiety, and also considers the possible problems that can arise from inadequate activation of prodrugs.","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75366429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.15
Md Mahbubul Islam
{"title":"Varietal Advances of Jute, Kenaf and Mesta Crops in Bangladesh: A Review","authors":"Md Mahbubul Islam","doi":"10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72491523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.11
Wisam Jafer Aziz, Aliyaa Abd Urabe
{"title":"Chemical Preparation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plants Extracts in Antibacterial Application","authors":"Wisam Jafer Aziz, Aliyaa Abd Urabe","doi":"10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75754635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01Epub Date: 2017-05-11DOI: 10.19070/2332-2756-170004
M S Valenzuela, N Green, S Liu
Berenil, a minor groove DNA binding molecule, has been extensively used in veterinary medicine. Modeling studies have suggested that berenil binds to A/T rich regions on the DNA and the product of this interaction causes the formation of crosslinks between opposite DNA strands. These crosslinks could potentially inhibit fundamental biological processes including transcription and DNA replication. We had previously used the pBR322 genome as a model system to investigate the role of A/T sequences on berenil activity. We reported that the insertion of poly(dA)poly(dT) sequences into the pBR322 genome causes replication inhibition of the recombinant plasmids when cultures were exposed to berenil. However, we noticed that even in the absence of these sequences the parental plasmid replication was also inhibited, albeit less than the recombinants. This observation led us to the present study were we attempted to identify the location of natural berenil target sites in the pBR322 genome. Through a combination of deletion analysis, recombinant DNA and a replication assay we uncovered a 378 bp DNA fragment that has all the hallmarks of a berenil target site. A recombinant plasmid lacking this region is more refractive to the drug than the parental plasmid, and another variant containing and extra copy of this region increases the susceptibility of the plasmid towards berenil. The 378 bp region is about 60% A/T rich and contains about 21 potential berenil binding sites.
贝瑞尼尔是一种小沟 DNA 结合分子，已被广泛应用于兽医领域。模型研究表明，贝瑞尼尔会与 DNA 上富含 A/T 的区域结合，这种相互作用的产物会在相对的 DNA 链之间形成交联。这些交联可能会抑制包括转录和 DNA 复制在内的基本生物过程。此前，我们曾以 pBR322 基因组为模型系统，研究 A/T 序列对贝瑞尼尔活性的作用。我们曾报道过，在 pBR322 基因组中插入聚(dA)聚(dT)序列后，当培养物暴露于贝瑞尼尔时，重组质粒的复制会受到抑制。不过，我们注意到，即使没有这些序列，亲本质粒的复制也会受到抑制，尽管抑制程度低于重组质粒。根据这一观察结果，我们开始了本研究，试图确定 pBR322 基因组中天然贝瑞尼尔靶点的位置。通过结合缺失分析、重组 DNA 和复制试验，我们发现了一个 378 bp 的 DNA 片段，它具有贝瑞尼尔靶点的所有特征。与亲本质粒相比，缺乏该区域的重组质粒对药物的折射性更强，而含有该区域额外拷贝的另一种变体则会增加质粒对贝瑞尼尔的敏感性。该 378 bp 区域富含约 60% 的 A/T 并包含约 21 个潜在的贝瑞尼尔结合位点。
{"title":"Identification of Berenil Target Sites in Plasmid pBR322.","authors":"M S Valenzuela, N Green, S Liu","doi":"10.19070/2332-2756-170004","DOIUrl":"10.19070/2332-2756-170004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Berenil, a minor groove DNA binding molecule, has been extensively used in veterinary medicine. Modeling studies have suggested that berenil binds to A/T rich regions on the DNA and the product of this interaction causes the formation of crosslinks between opposite DNA strands. These crosslinks could potentially inhibit fundamental biological processes including transcription and DNA replication. We had previously used the pBR322 genome as a model system to investigate the role of A/T sequences on berenil activity. We reported that the insertion of poly(dA)poly(dT) sequences into the pBR322 genome causes replication inhibition of the recombinant plasmids when cultures were exposed to berenil. However, we noticed that even in the absence of these sequences the parental plasmid replication was also inhibited, albeit less than the recombinants. This observation led us to the present study were we attempted to identify the location of natural berenil target sites in the pBR322 genome. Through a combination of deletion analysis, recombinant DNA and a replication assay we uncovered a 378 bp DNA fragment that has all the hallmarks of a berenil target site. A recombinant plasmid lacking this region is more refractive to the drug than the parental plasmid, and another variant containing and extra copy of this region increases the susceptibility of the plasmid towards berenil. The 378 bp region is about 60% A/T rich and contains about 21 potential berenil binding sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":92048,"journal":{"name":"International journal of bioorganic chemistry & molecular biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5667686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35523889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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