Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V7I2.1554
A. Dorman
The Irish Military Establishment (IME) of the eighteenth century was established in 1699 to protect Ireland from invasion and to secure the Hiberno-Protestant interest from Catholic insurrection. Regiments were rotated to and from Ireland as required, and Ireland played a major part in British strategy as a barracks for its Empire. Despite this crucial role, the Establishment endures considerable historical criticism and is often described as an ill-disciplined rabble. This paper will reassess this negative perception through a case study of the Townshend Augmentation and material held in the returns of regiments in Ireland from 1767-1771.
{"title":"‘Fit for immediate service’: Reassessing the Irish Military Establishment of the Eighteenth Century through the 1770 Townshend Augmentation","authors":"A. Dorman","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V7I2.1554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V7I2.1554","url":null,"abstract":"The Irish Military Establishment (IME) of the eighteenth century was established in 1699 to protect Ireland from invasion and to secure the Hiberno-Protestant interest from Catholic insurrection. Regiments were rotated to and from Ireland as required, and Ireland played a major part in British strategy as a barracks for its Empire. Despite this crucial role, the Establishment endures considerable historical criticism and is often described as an ill-disciplined rabble. This paper will reassess this negative perception through a case study of the Townshend Augmentation and material held in the returns of regiments in Ireland from 1767-1771.","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48760913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V7I2.1552
R. Barnett
This article examines the legal and moral framework concerning justice after war in Giovanni da Legnano’s De Bello, De Represaliis et De Duello and Honore Bouvet’s L’Arbre des Batailles. Throughout these works various principles can be identified which are similar to the modern term jus post bellum. The authors presented various objectives determining the correct time to end a conflict. They also established specific actions concerning the seizure of property, the treatment of prisoners, and the negotiation of treaties. These actions balanced justice and mercy allowing previously warring nations to be reconciled.
本文考察了Giovanni da Legnano的《De Bello》、《De Represaliis et De Duello》和Honore Bouvet的《L’Arbre des Batailles》中关于战后正义的法律和道德框架。在这些著作中，可以确定各种原则，这些原则类似于现代术语“战争后权利”。作者提出了确定结束冲突的正确时间的各种目标。他们还制定了关于扣押财产、囚犯待遇和条约谈判的具体行动。这些行动平衡了正义和仁慈，使以前交战的国家得以和解。
{"title":"Jus Post Bellum: Justice After War in Fourteenth-Century War Treatises","authors":"R. Barnett","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V7I2.1552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V7I2.1552","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the legal and moral framework concerning justice after war in Giovanni da Legnano’s De Bello, De Represaliis et De Duello and Honore Bouvet’s L’Arbre des Batailles. Throughout these works various principles can be identified which are similar to the modern term jus post bellum. The authors presented various objectives determining the correct time to end a conflict. They also established specific actions concerning the seizure of property, the treatment of prisoners, and the negotiation of treaties. These actions balanced justice and mercy allowing previously warring nations to be reconciled.","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41509464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V7I1.1481
Stuart Crawford
{"title":"Daniel Todman, Britain’s War: A New World, 1942–1947","authors":"Stuart Crawford","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V7I1.1481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V7I1.1481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49536517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1427
G. Wilton
In March 1944 Japan launched its Operation U Go offensive which resulted in the well documented battles of Kohima and Imphal in north east India. At the same time 23 British Infantry Brigade was finalising Long Range Penetration training before participation in Operation Thursday, the second Chindit campaign that was already underway in north eastern Burma. That plan was changed, and the brigade was diverted to operate in the mountainous Naga Hills to protect the eastern flank of Kohima and disrupt Japanese supply lines from Burma. Much has been written about Burma, Kohima, Imphal and the two Chindit operations, but surprisingly little on the activities of 23 British Infantry Brigade in 1944. This article seeks to redress some of that imbalance by considering: how the brigade prepared for the Long Range Penetration role; how it operated in the Naga Hills; how those operations differed to Operation Thursday; and finally, if this was an effective use of the brigade.
{"title":"The Forgotten Chindits – 23 British Infantry Brigade","authors":"G. Wilton","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1427","url":null,"abstract":"In March 1944 Japan launched its Operation U Go offensive which resulted in the well documented battles of Kohima and Imphal in north east India. At the same time 23 British Infantry Brigade was finalising Long Range Penetration training before participation in Operation Thursday, the second Chindit campaign that was already underway in north eastern Burma. That plan was changed, and the brigade was diverted to operate in the mountainous Naga Hills to protect the eastern flank of Kohima and disrupt Japanese supply lines from Burma. Much has been written about Burma, Kohima, Imphal and the two Chindit operations, but surprisingly little on the activities of 23 British Infantry Brigade in 1944. This article seeks to redress some of that imbalance by considering: how the brigade prepared for the Long Range Penetration role; how it operated in the Naga Hills; how those operations differed to Operation Thursday; and finally, if this was an effective use of the brigade.","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45626645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1432
Valerie Deacon
This Research Note gives a brief introduction to the series of Escape and Evasion reports held by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Making up a rich source base, these documents can be used to explore the operational history of the United States Army Air Force (USAAF), the history of MIS-X, escape and evasion planning during the Second World War, diplomatic history, and social history. In addition, they offer a very compelling story of the relationships that flourished between aircrews and European civilians during the war.
{"title":"NARA Escape and Evasion Reports","authors":"Valerie Deacon","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1432","url":null,"abstract":"This Research Note gives a brief introduction to the series of Escape and Evasion reports held by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Making up a rich source base, these documents can be used to explore the operational history of the United States Army Air Force (USAAF), the history of MIS-X, escape and evasion planning during the Second World War, diplomatic history, and social history. In addition, they offer a very compelling story of the relationships that flourished between aircrews and European civilians during the war.","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46871597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1424
Alex Henry
Bordeaux remains marked by ‘l’occupation’. Huge U-boat pens dominate the maritime districts of the city, an imposing reminder of the city's painful history. While such monuments maintain the memory of the German occupation, the Italian wartime presence in the city has been overlooked. Yet the Italian naval garrison had a huge influence on Bordeaux life. This article explores these relationships from the words of captured Italians, whose private conversations reveal how their actions were defined by violence and exploitation. This is a view of Italian soldiery that undermines the myth of the 'brava gente' – a people untainted by the brutality of war.
{"title":"‘Everybody to be armed’: Italian naval personnel and the Axis occupation of Bordeaux, 1940–1943","authors":"Alex Henry","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1424","url":null,"abstract":"Bordeaux remains marked by ‘l’occupation’. Huge U-boat pens dominate the maritime districts of the city, an imposing reminder of the city's painful history. While such monuments maintain the memory of the German occupation, the Italian wartime presence in the city has been overlooked. Yet the Italian naval garrison had a huge influence on Bordeaux life. This article explores these relationships from the words of captured Italians, whose private conversations reveal how their actions were defined by violence and exploitation. This is a view of Italian soldiery that undermines the myth of the 'brava gente' – a people untainted by the brutality of war.","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45592040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1423
R. Chin
In June 1940 the French metropolitan government signed an armistice with Hitler’s Germany, which effectively removed France from the conflict. At the same time, the little known French General Charles de Gaulle was in London establishing himself at the head of the Free French resistance movement. This set the stage for arguments over who represented the French nation and its interests. This article explores how the Vichy government and the Free French movement constructed their respective claims to legitimacy using legal, moral and historical arguments. And it considers how these claims were fought through armed clashes over French colonial territory.
{"title":"Who Speaks for France? Vichy, Free France and the Battle over French Legitimacy: 1940-1942","authors":"R. Chin","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1423","url":null,"abstract":"In June 1940 the French metropolitan government signed an armistice with Hitler’s Germany, which effectively removed France from the conflict. At the same time, the little known French General Charles de Gaulle was in London establishing himself at the head of the Free French resistance movement. This set the stage for arguments over who represented the French nation and its interests. This article explores how the Vichy government and the Free French movement constructed their respective claims to legitimacy using legal, moral and historical arguments. And it considers how these claims were fought through armed clashes over French colonial territory.","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47692709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1442
A. Phillips
{"title":"Helen Fry, The Walls Have Ears: the Greatest Intelligence Operation of World War II","authors":"A. Phillips","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45109812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1438
R. Grayson
{"title":"Niamh Gallagher, Ireland and the Great War: A Social and Political History","authors":"R. Grayson","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48771175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1434
S. Hussain
{"title":"Matthew Woodcock & Cian O’Mahony, Early Modern Military Identities 1560-1639: Reality and Representation","authors":"S. Hussain","doi":"10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25602/GOLD.BJMH.V6I3.1434","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92181,"journal":{"name":"British journal for military history","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42957788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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