Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.62
Babu Hs, N. West, A. Cripps, J. Sanmugarajah, R. Mason
The potential role of the gut microbiomes in the response and toxicity to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies (ICIs) in advanced malignancies has been a growing area of interest within the field of medical oncology. A number of pre-clinical and clinical trials have identified different microbiome factors that beneficially impact upon ICI outcomes, including specific microorganisms and diversity and suggested that treatment outcomes can be influenced by modification of the gut microbiome, such as through antibiotic administration. There is coexisting evidence the microbiome may also impact on the toxicity profile of ICIs. Currently, the available literature describes associations between the microbiome and ICI outcomes, but the causal link is yet to be established. Additionally, the studies to date pose problems in the inherent heterogeneity that exists between subjects and respective microbiome composition. While promising, murine-humanised models or germ-free mice do not necessarily exhibit comparable immunocompetency or metagenomic function to humans. The faecal microbiome is likely to play a part of the much larger anti-tumour immune response and patient factors that influence this, which must be viewed holistically in the clinical context. Ultimately, this is a promising area, hurtling forward rapidly. Research is equally underway for optimizing methods to administer treatments to alter these microbiomes, whether it be via faecal transplantation, or supplementation with short chain fatty acids directly to the bowel. Learning more about how the constituent parts of the microbiome exert local and systemic immune responses could herald a significant leap forward in how solid tumours are treated with immunotherapy.
{"title":"The Gut Microbiome and Immune Modulation in The Treatment of Malignancy","authors":"Babu Hs, N. West, A. Cripps, J. Sanmugarajah, R. Mason","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"The potential role of the gut microbiomes in the response and toxicity to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies (ICIs) in advanced malignancies has been a growing area of interest within the field of medical oncology. A number of pre-clinical and clinical trials have identified different microbiome factors that beneficially impact upon ICI outcomes, including specific microorganisms and diversity and suggested that treatment outcomes can be influenced by modification of the gut microbiome, such as through antibiotic administration. There is coexisting evidence the microbiome may also impact on the toxicity profile of ICIs. Currently, the available literature describes associations between the microbiome and ICI outcomes, but the causal link is yet to be established. Additionally, the studies to date pose problems in the inherent heterogeneity that exists between subjects and respective microbiome composition. While promising, murine-humanised models or germ-free mice do not necessarily exhibit comparable immunocompetency or metagenomic function to humans. The faecal microbiome is likely to play a part of the much larger anti-tumour immune response and patient factors that influence this, which must be viewed holistically in the clinical context. Ultimately, this is a promising area, hurtling forward rapidly. Research is equally underway for optimizing methods to administer treatments to alter these microbiomes, whether it be via faecal transplantation, or supplementation with short chain fatty acids directly to the bowel. Learning more about how the constituent parts of the microbiome exert local and systemic immune responses could herald a significant leap forward in how solid tumours are treated with immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.62","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.3.64
Filho Mpc, Barreto Ma, Maia Mc, Vale Ds
The aim of this paper is to present, in the light of literature, a comprehensive review, by reviewing the literature related to bone grafts, biomaterials (BM) and nanotechnology containing five metals (Zn, Fe, Sr, Mg and Mn) with a view of an unprecedented experimental research support evaluation of the biocompatibility of these materials for human implantation. The BM market for graft indicates a trend of using synthetic materials, to the detriment of those of biological origin, ease of its large-scale production, reproducibility, doping structure and control of their physical, chemical and morphological characteristics, enabling the association with growth factors. Understanding the bone structure and its interaction with the human body are grounds factors for the development of new research. In this context, pure hydroxyapatite (main component of bone) lacks adequate biological properties because it shows high solubility and rapid incorporation of time while the materials are on the market have only osteoconductive properties, ie still not known any with ideal property. Was performed with a bibliographic levamento bone substituitos descriptor, biocompatibility and metals involved (Mg, Sr, Zn, Fe, Mn) in Bireme databases, Medline, and lilacs, which were initially selected and journals 135 on the subject. After further screening, they remained 69 that are part of this review. The international consensus pointing hidroxipatita as a base material for bone grafting biomaterials in humans, however, alone, possesses rapid incorporation requiring doped with one or more structures to achieve satisfactory results. The Bicompatibilidade, biodegradability and osteocondutibilidade are basic characteristics of BM as well, based on these principles, translational research in the implant area has evolved, seeking changes at the molecular level bringing new attributes to BM and consequently.
{"title":"Biological Principles of Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Associated With Metals: A Literature Review","authors":"Filho Mpc, Barreto Ma, Maia Mc, Vale Ds","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.3.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.3.64","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present, in the light of literature, a comprehensive review, by reviewing the literature related to bone grafts, biomaterials (BM) and nanotechnology containing five metals (Zn, Fe, Sr, Mg and Mn) with a view of an unprecedented experimental research support evaluation of the biocompatibility of these materials for human implantation. The BM market for graft indicates a trend of using synthetic materials, to the detriment of those of biological origin, ease of its large-scale production, reproducibility, doping structure and control of their physical, chemical and morphological characteristics, enabling the association with growth factors. Understanding the bone structure and its interaction with the human body are grounds factors for the development of new research. In this context, pure hydroxyapatite (main component of bone) lacks adequate biological properties because it shows high solubility and rapid incorporation of time while the materials are on the market have only osteoconductive properties, ie still not known any with ideal property. Was performed with a bibliographic levamento bone substituitos descriptor, biocompatibility and metals involved (Mg, Sr, Zn, Fe, Mn) in Bireme databases, Medline, and lilacs, which were initially selected and journals 135 on the subject. After further screening, they remained 69 that are part of this review. The international consensus pointing hidroxipatita as a base material for bone grafting biomaterials in humans, however, alone, possesses rapid incorporation requiring doped with one or more structures to achieve satisfactory results. The Bicompatibilidade, biodegradability and osteocondutibilidade are basic characteristics of BM as well, based on these principles, translational research in the implant area has evolved, seeking changes at the molecular level bringing new attributes to BM and consequently.","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2572-5610.4.3.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.58
Zhao Z, T. C.
{"title":"Therapeutic Phytochemicals for Prevention of Birth Defects in Diabetic Pregnancies","authors":"Zhao Z, T. C.","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.58","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.55
Yilmaz E
{"title":"Estimation of Right-Censored Data with Partially Linear Models: A Comparison for Different Censorship Solution Methods","authors":"Yilmaz E","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.57
A. A
{"title":"The Biochemical Model of Life Loses: Its Scientific Value","authors":"A. A","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.59
Srivastava M, C. S, Vishal G
{"title":"Tramadol Hydrochloride: A Prospective Local Anesthetic Agent","authors":"Srivastava M, C. S, Vishal G","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.53
A. Mangi, H. Khan, Fazalur-Rehman, Hashmatullah, Channa Ta, Muhammad Shehzad, Muhammad Khalid Khan
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the possible drug/drug interaction in the prescriptions of the diabetic patients. Methodology and study design: A descriptive based study was carried out. The 400 prescriptions were taken into the account using the sample purposive technique. The prescriptions of the diabetic patients were taken into the account and the study was made with the reference of the DDI software and the Lexicomp books. Those patients who had disease other than diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. Only the interested patients were included in the study. Study site: The study was carried out at the tertiary care Hospital of Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. Results: From the total 61.25% male patients were taken and the female % age was about 38.57%. Furthermore, the area wise distribution of the sample was also made and in this regard 52.75% were belonging to the urban area and the remaining 47.26% were from the rural areas of Sindh, Pakistan. Conclusion: From the study it was concluded that the numerous drug/drug interaction were observed in the prescriptions of the diabetic patients.
{"title":"Assessment of the Drug/Drug Interaction in the Prescriptions of the Diabetes Mellitus at Tertiary Care Hospital of Larkana Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"A. Mangi, H. Khan, Fazalur-Rehman, Hashmatullah, Channa Ta, Muhammad Shehzad, Muhammad Khalid Khan","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the possible drug/drug interaction in the prescriptions of the diabetic patients. Methodology and study design: A descriptive based study was carried out. The 400 prescriptions were taken into the account using the sample purposive technique. The prescriptions of the diabetic patients were taken into the account and the study was made with the reference of the DDI software and the Lexicomp books. Those patients who had disease other than diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. Only the interested patients were included in the study. Study site: The study was carried out at the tertiary care Hospital of Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. Results: From the total 61.25% male patients were taken and the female % age was about 38.57%. Furthermore, the area wise distribution of the sample was also made and in this regard 52.75% were belonging to the urban area and the remaining 47.26% were from the rural areas of Sindh, Pakistan. Conclusion: From the study it was concluded that the numerous drug/drug interaction were observed in the prescriptions of the diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.61
Shirzadi Mr
Mosquitoes are insects that bit animal hosts to get blood as the nutrient source to develop their eggs. They may transmit a wide range of pathogens such as viruses and parasites to the hosts’ body through their blood meal. It may lead to a number of mosquito-borne diseases. In Iran, there is a major risk for mosquito-borne diseases due to the introducing the exotic mosquito species from the neighboring countries. Recently, in neighboring countries of Iran, epidemics of mosquito-borne viral infections including chikungunya, dengue and West Nile infections in Pakistan, dengue and Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia, and West Nile infection in Iraq have been reported. Ae. albopictus has become a significant pest mosquito species in Pakistan and has also been reported from Syria, Lebanon and Turkey. According to the World Health Organization WHO, malaria is in the pre-elimination stage in Iran. In this review, it was attempted to discuss some issue including mosquito bionomics, mosquito-borne diseases in human and surveillance. Mosquito-borne disease in Iran including historically reported diseases, emerging infectious diseases as well as the mosquito fauna of Iran were also reviewed.
{"title":"Entomological Studies on the Mosquito Borne Diseases in Iran: An Up-To-Date","authors":"Shirzadi Mr","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.61","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes are insects that bit animal hosts to get blood as the nutrient source to develop their eggs. They may transmit a wide range of pathogens such as viruses and parasites to the hosts’ body through their blood meal. It may lead to a number of mosquito-borne diseases. In Iran, there is a major risk for mosquito-borne diseases due to the introducing the exotic mosquito species from the neighboring countries. Recently, in neighboring countries of Iran, epidemics of mosquito-borne viral infections including chikungunya, dengue and West Nile infections in Pakistan, dengue and Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia, and West Nile infection in Iraq have been reported. Ae. albopictus has become a significant pest mosquito species in Pakistan and has also been reported from Syria, Lebanon and Turkey. According to the World Health Organization WHO, malaria is in the pre-elimination stage in Iran. In this review, it was attempted to discuss some issue including mosquito bionomics, mosquito-borne diseases in human and surveillance. Mosquito-borne disease in Iran including historically reported diseases, emerging infectious diseases as well as the mosquito fauna of Iran were also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.54
B. A
{"title":"The B Lymphocyte Predominance: Marginal Zone Lymphoma","authors":"B. A","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.54","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2572-5610.4.1.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.60
K. C
{"title":"A Case Study for Verification of “E = mc2”: Calculation of Food Shortage","authors":"K. C","doi":"10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.60","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92214,"journal":{"name":"Insights in biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69709426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：