Joel M Oster, Andy Wang, M. Tucker, M. Sukiennik, Emma Jost Price, Neelima Thakur, James T Kryzanski
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and electrocorticographic changes","authors":"Joel M Oster, Andy Wang, M. Tucker, M. Sukiennik, Emma Jost Price, Neelima Thakur, James T Kryzanski","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67433028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is there a relationship between pregnancy and the levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids? Role of placental fatty acid binding/transporter proteins and nuclear transcription factors in this relationship: A review","authors":"M. Biendo, G. Kongolo, Elion Dzon Bertin, A. Léké","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joel M Oster, Andy Wang, Matthew C Tucker, M. Sukiennik, Emma Jost Price, Neelima Thakur, James T Kryzanski
{"title":"Electrocorticography in patients who received vaccines available in the United States providing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 (“Covid-19”)","authors":"Joel M Oster, Andy Wang, Matthew C Tucker, M. Sukiennik, Emma Jost Price, Neelima Thakur, James T Kryzanski","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67433194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has escalated drastically to become a global pandemic. Here we review the impact of COVID-19 on the brain. The search string “coronavirus and brain” was typed in Google Scholar and PubMed to yield 31500 and 2044 results respectively. Based on these results the effects of COVID-19 on the brain are two-fold, both neuropathological and psychological in nature. SARS CoV-2 produces a range of non-specific neurological symptoms (headaches, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, anosmia, neuropathy, delirium, cerebrovascular incidents, seizures, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, cranial nerve dysfunctions, viral and autoimmune encephalitis). Indirect effects of SARS CoV-2 on the brain reside in the practices imposed by lockdown regulations including quarantine and self-isolation. These practices have resulted in psychological manifestations including stress, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder-related symptoms in infected and uninfected individuals. While online counselling platforms, resilience-building programmes and cognitive behavioural therapy strategies have been established, more need to be implemented to reduce the impact of these practices. *Correspondence to: Rivona Harricharan, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; E-mail: rivonah3@gmail.com
{"title":"The neuropsychological impact of the CoVID-19 pandemic on the mental wellbeing of individuals – what have we learnt thus far","authors":"R. Harricharan, William Mark Uren Daniels","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000142","url":null,"abstract":"The novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has escalated drastically to become a global pandemic. Here we review the impact of COVID-19 on the brain. The search string “coronavirus and brain” was typed in Google Scholar and PubMed to yield 31500 and 2044 results respectively. Based on these results the effects of COVID-19 on the brain are two-fold, both neuropathological and psychological in nature. SARS CoV-2 produces a range of non-specific neurological symptoms (headaches, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, anosmia, neuropathy, delirium, cerebrovascular incidents, seizures, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, cranial nerve dysfunctions, viral and autoimmune encephalitis). Indirect effects of SARS CoV-2 on the brain reside in the practices imposed by lockdown regulations including quarantine and self-isolation. These practices have resulted in psychological manifestations including stress, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder-related symptoms in infected and uninfected individuals. While online counselling platforms, resilience-building programmes and cognitive behavioural therapy strategies have been established, more need to be implemented to reduce the impact of these practices. *Correspondence to: Rivona Harricharan, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; E-mail: rivonah3@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Montoya-Ruiz, Ileana M Salguedo, Valentina Martinez, M. Parra, M. P. Pilar Delgado
Migration and urbanization processes contribute to the dispersion of pathogens, especially those with possible epizootic cycles, gaining importance in new populated areas. This panorama gets worst in developing countries like Colombia that still has limited capacity in strong epidemiological surveillance for noncommon microbial agents. Aim: This study evaluated the presence of IgG antibodies against Mammarenavirus from Tacaribe complex, Hepatitis E virus and HTLV type I or II in patients who visited the health center of a Montelibano (Cordoba), a rural-urban municipality of Colombia. Methods: ELISA's test carried out on 182 patients from Montelibano, Colombia in order to detect IgG antibodies. The sero-epidemiological study for IgG detection was conducted using Junin virus antigen, a HEV and an indirect HTLV-I/II Enzime-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively. Results: Serological analysis allowed the detection of IgG antibodies for all the agents evaluated. Seroprevalence of IgG was 1.64% for the Mammarenavirus, 0,61% for the Hepatitis E and 0.61% for HTLV type 1 or 2. Conclusions: The results indicate the circulation of Mammarenavirus, Hepatitis E and HTLV in Montelibano, a municipality in the northeast of Colombia. Current seropositive percentage is similar or lower in comparison to other studies nevertheless epidemiological conditions like the presence of rodents at home and poor garbage collection services underline the necessity of better surveillance of these neglected viruses of which sporadic outbreaks have been reported. *Correspondence to: María del Pilar Delgado, Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Andes, Carrera 1 #18A-12, Bogotá D.C, Colombia, Tel: +571 3394949; E-mail: mdelgado@uniandes.edu.co
移徙和城市化进程促进了病原体的传播，特别是那些可能存在动物流行病周期的病原体的传播，在新的人口稠密地区变得越来越重要。这种情况在哥伦比亚等发展中国家更为严重，这些国家对非常见微生物病原体进行强有力的流行病学监测的能力仍然有限。目的:本研究评估了在哥伦比亚农村-城市直辖市蒙特利巴诺(科尔多瓦)卫生中心就诊的患者中抗Tacaribe复合物、戊型肝炎病毒和ⅰ型或ⅱ型HTLV的IgG抗体的存在。方法:采用ELISA法对哥伦比亚蒙特利巴诺市182例患者进行IgG抗体检测。血清流行病学研究分别采用Junin病毒抗原、HEV和间接HTLV-I/II酶联免疫吸附试验检测IgG。结果:血清学分析可检测到所有评估药物的IgG抗体。血清IgG阳性率分别为:甲型肝炎阳性率1.64%、戊型肝炎阳性率0.61%、乙型肝炎阳性率0.61%。结论:结果表明，在哥伦比亚东北部的蒙特利巴诺市存在母病毒、戊型肝炎和HTLV的传播。与其他研究相比，目前的血清阳性百分比相似或更低，但流行病学状况，如家中存在啮齿动物和垃圾收集服务差，强调有必要更好地监测这些被忽视的病毒，这些病毒已报告发生零星暴发。*通讯:María del Pilar Delgado，安第斯大学生物科学系，哥伦比亚波哥大 Carrera 1 #18A-12，电话:+571 3394949;电子邮件:mdelgado@uniandes.edu.co
{"title":"Identification of IgG antibodies against arenavirus, hepatitis E and HTLV in a municipality in the northeast of Colombia","authors":"Carolina Montoya-Ruiz, Ileana M Salguedo, Valentina Martinez, M. Parra, M. P. Pilar Delgado","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000144","url":null,"abstract":"Migration and urbanization processes contribute to the dispersion of pathogens, especially those with possible epizootic cycles, gaining importance in new populated areas. This panorama gets worst in developing countries like Colombia that still has limited capacity in strong epidemiological surveillance for noncommon microbial agents. Aim: This study evaluated the presence of IgG antibodies against Mammarenavirus from Tacaribe complex, Hepatitis E virus and HTLV type I or II in patients who visited the health center of a Montelibano (Cordoba), a rural-urban municipality of Colombia. Methods: ELISA's test carried out on 182 patients from Montelibano, Colombia in order to detect IgG antibodies. The sero-epidemiological study for IgG detection was conducted using Junin virus antigen, a HEV and an indirect HTLV-I/II Enzime-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively. Results: Serological analysis allowed the detection of IgG antibodies for all the agents evaluated. Seroprevalence of IgG was 1.64% for the Mammarenavirus, 0,61% for the Hepatitis E and 0.61% for HTLV type 1 or 2. Conclusions: The results indicate the circulation of Mammarenavirus, Hepatitis E and HTLV in Montelibano, a municipality in the northeast of Colombia. Current seropositive percentage is similar or lower in comparison to other studies nevertheless epidemiological conditions like the presence of rodents at home and poor garbage collection services underline the necessity of better surveillance of these neglected viruses of which sporadic outbreaks have been reported. *Correspondence to: María del Pilar Delgado, Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Andes, Carrera 1 #18A-12, Bogotá D.C, Colombia, Tel: +571 3394949; E-mail: mdelgado@uniandes.edu.co","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67433153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niane Khadidiatou, Diagne Cheikh Tidiane, D. Gora, Dia Ndongo, T. Cheikh, Loucoubar Cheikh, N. Moussa, N. Mbayame, D. Aissatou, Sembene Pape Mbacke, Ka Sidy, D. Alioune, S. Alpha, D. Ahmadou
{"title":"Human papilloma virus genotypes associated with cervical cancer in Senegal","authors":"Niane Khadidiatou, Diagne Cheikh Tidiane, D. Gora, Dia Ndongo, T. Cheikh, Loucoubar Cheikh, N. Moussa, N. Mbayame, D. Aissatou, Sembene Pape Mbacke, Ka Sidy, D. Alioune, S. Alpha, D. Ahmadou","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67433320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feller L, Nemutandani Ms, Feller G, Jose Rj, L. J., Khammissa Rag
{"title":"The interrelation between aerobic exercise, mental well-being, stress response and epigenetics","authors":"Feller L, Nemutandani Ms, Feller G, Jose Rj, L. J., Khammissa Rag","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Yedomon, A. Menudier, Katia Dugleux, B. Fayomi, M. Druet‐Cabanac, C. Moesch
It is common for trainees and craftsmen in the informal economy to not use protective equipment. With tinsmiths, exposure to toxic emissions such as fumes of molten metal that may contain metallic particles is likely to lead to uptake of toxic metals. Aims: The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the biological concentrations of toxic metals and essential trace elements in tinsmiths, craftsmen, and trainees working in the informal sector of Cotonou in Benin. Materials and Methods: Twenty metallic trace elements were measured in whole blood from 111 adult male tinsmith craftsmen, while only the blood lead level was measured in twenty-four trainees of less than 18 years of age. The blood samples were collected at the ERASME health center of Cotonou, using 6 ml EDTA-K2 trace element tubes. The analyses were performed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) with a NexION 350 D (PerkinElmer) spectrometer. The results obtained were then compared to those obtained with a reference population that was not subject to professional exposure. Results: For three trace elements, more than 25% of the adult tinsmiths exhibited blood concentrations above the biological reference values. By increasing order of uptake, these were antimony (28.8%), tin (31.5%), and lead (71.2%). For trainees under 18year of age, the prevalence of workers with a blood lead level ≥ 100 µg/L was 83%. Conclusions : Exposure to lead was the greatest concern, and protection and awareness measures should be implemented so as to decrease the health risks linked to lead exposure, particularly among young workers.
非正规经济中的受训者和工匠不使用防护装备是很常见的。对于铁匠来说，接触有毒排放物，如可能含有金属颗粒的熔融金属烟雾，很可能导致有毒金属的吸收。目的:本研究的主要目的是评估贝宁科托努非正规部门的铁匠、工匠和受训人员体内有毒金属和必需微量元素的生物浓度。材料与方法:对111名成年男性马口铁工匠全血中20种金属微量元素进行了测定，对24名18岁以下的培训生仅进行了血铅测定。血样在科托努ERASME卫生中心采集，使用6 ml EDTA-K2微量元素管。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和NexION 350d (PerkinElmer)光谱仪进行分析。然后将获得的结果与没有受到专业暴露的参考人群的结果进行比较。结果:三种微量元素的血药浓度高于生物参考值的比例超过25%。按摄取顺序依次为锑(28.8%)、锡(31.5%)和铅(71.2%)。对于18岁以下的受训人员，血铅水平≥100 μ g/L的工人患病率为83%。结论:铅暴露是最令人担忧的问题，应实施保护和提高认识措施，以减少与铅暴露有关的健康风险，特别是在年轻工人中。
{"title":"Evaluation of 20 toxic metals and essential elements in the blood of metal recycling tinsmiths of Cotonou (Benin)","authors":"B. Yedomon, A. Menudier, Katia Dugleux, B. Fayomi, M. Druet‐Cabanac, C. Moesch","doi":"10.15761/BRR.1000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/BRR.1000139","url":null,"abstract":"It is common for trainees and craftsmen in the informal economy to not use protective equipment. With tinsmiths, exposure to toxic emissions such as fumes of molten metal that may contain metallic particles is likely to lead to uptake of toxic metals. Aims: The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the biological concentrations of toxic metals and essential trace elements in tinsmiths, craftsmen, and trainees working in the informal sector of Cotonou in Benin. Materials and Methods: Twenty metallic trace elements were measured in whole blood from 111 adult male tinsmith craftsmen, while only the blood lead level was measured in twenty-four trainees of less than 18 years of age. The blood samples were collected at the ERASME health center of Cotonou, using 6 ml EDTA-K2 trace element tubes. The analyses were performed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) with a NexION 350 D (PerkinElmer) spectrometer. The results obtained were then compared to those obtained with a reference population that was not subject to professional exposure. Results: For three trace elements, more than 25% of the adult tinsmiths exhibited blood concentrations above the biological reference values. By increasing order of uptake, these were antimony (28.8%), tin (31.5%), and lead (71.2%). For trainees under 18year of age, the prevalence of workers with a blood lead level ≥ 100 µg/L was 83%. Conclusions : Exposure to lead was the greatest concern, and protection and awareness measures should be implemented so as to decrease the health risks linked to lead exposure, particularly among young workers.","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Factors influencing road transport accidents include human and non-human. The extent that non-human factors increases accidents has yet to exhaustively evaluated, especially in Delta State Nigeria. Objective: To access the perception about road networks. Also, to model the effects of poor road network (PRN) on vehicle repairs; and road maintenance on occupational health and safety (OHS) issues in Delta state, Nigeria. Method: This study adopted a survey approach. Likert scaled questionnaire was used to survey the perception of different stakeholders. The responses were used to model the effects of environmental and mechanical factors of road traffic accidents. ANOVA and regression modelling techniques were performed. Results: This study shows mixed perceptions from respondents. 64% of responses agreed on state of the roads being poor while a lower (49%) indicate insecurity on the roads. Modelling shows over 32% increases in vehicle repairs and OHS concerns attributable to PRN and road maintenance respectively. Conclusion: This report highlights gap in knowledge about road traffic, which calls for OHS education. This educational promotion need is adoptable particularly in low-mid income countries where PRN remains an OHS issue, but also relevant in developed countries as unhealthy driving behaviour is still a factor of drivers’ perceptions.
{"title":"Effect of poor road network and maintenance on safety and security in Delta State Nigeria: Mixed perceptions in industrialized oil-producing community","authors":"Akuirene Oa, Atie Mo, Ishiekwene Cm, Nwose Eu","doi":"10.15761/BRR.1000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/BRR.1000140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Factors influencing road transport accidents include human and non-human. The extent that non-human factors increases accidents has yet to exhaustively evaluated, especially in Delta State Nigeria. Objective: To access the perception about road networks. Also, to model the effects of poor road network (PRN) on vehicle repairs; and road maintenance on occupational health and safety (OHS) issues in Delta state, Nigeria. Method: This study adopted a survey approach. Likert scaled questionnaire was used to survey the perception of different stakeholders. The responses were used to model the effects of environmental and mechanical factors of road traffic accidents. ANOVA and regression modelling techniques were performed. Results: This study shows mixed perceptions from respondents. 64% of responses agreed on state of the roads being poor while a lower (49%) indicate insecurity on the roads. Modelling shows over 32% increases in vehicle repairs and OHS concerns attributable to PRN and road maintenance respectively. Conclusion: This report highlights gap in knowledge about road traffic, which calls for OHS education. This educational promotion need is adoptable particularly in low-mid income countries where PRN remains an OHS issue, but also relevant in developed countries as unhealthy driving behaviour is still a factor of drivers’ perceptions.","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cell survival and cell death should be well regulated in an orchestrated way for cell proliferation, differentiation, and development in multicellular organism. A variety of physiological outcomes in vertebrate is dependent on cell death modality in response to infectious pathogens and functionally damaged cells. Physiological and pathological roles of cell death are often addressed to describe normal and disease state. Particularly, immune responses can be affected from cell death modes of host cells and various immune-associated cells. Immunogenic cell death occurs in either an accidental or a regulated way could elicit the immune responses. Representatively, apoptosis and necroptosis are involved in homeostasis of immune reaction. So far, apoptosis in immune system has been well defined, acting as deletion of self-recognizing immune cells and cytotoxic killing. However, it has been a growing body of evidence that alternative programmed cell death necroptosis could be involved in immune surveillance, although its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Therefore, necroptosis or programmed necrosis will be emphasized as a regulator of immunity. With immunological role of necroptosis, unmasking of necroptosis and its associated signaling pathway are also dealt in this review. complex II consisting of RIP1, RIP3, FADD, pro-caspase-8. Then, activated RIP3 recruits MLKL to induce the necrotic process. Based on necroptotic signaling pathway, some chemicals have been identified as pharmacological inhibitors of the necroptotic proteins. RIP1, RIP3 or MLKL can be specifically modulated by chemical inhibitors indicated.
{"title":"Roles of necroptosis in immune responses","authors":"Young Sik Cho","doi":"10.15761/brr.1000137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/brr.1000137","url":null,"abstract":"Cell survival and cell death should be well regulated in an orchestrated way for cell proliferation, differentiation, and development in multicellular organism. A variety of physiological outcomes in vertebrate is dependent on cell death modality in response to infectious pathogens and functionally damaged cells. Physiological and pathological roles of cell death are often addressed to describe normal and disease state. Particularly, immune responses can be affected from cell death modes of host cells and various immune-associated cells. Immunogenic cell death occurs in either an accidental or a regulated way could elicit the immune responses. Representatively, apoptosis and necroptosis are involved in homeostasis of immune reaction. So far, apoptosis in immune system has been well defined, acting as deletion of self-recognizing immune cells and cytotoxic killing. However, it has been a growing body of evidence that alternative programmed cell death necroptosis could be involved in immune surveillance, although its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Therefore, necroptosis or programmed necrosis will be emphasized as a regulator of immunity. With immunological role of necroptosis, unmasking of necroptosis and its associated signaling pathway are also dealt in this review. complex II consisting of RIP1, RIP3, FADD, pro-caspase-8. Then, activated RIP3 recruits MLKL to induce the necrotic process. Based on necroptotic signaling pathway, some chemicals have been identified as pharmacological inhibitors of the necroptotic proteins. RIP1, RIP3 or MLKL can be specifically modulated by chemical inhibitors indicated.","PeriodicalId":92337,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67432449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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