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Improving Biomedical Science Literacy and Patient-Directed Knowledge of Tuberculosis (TB): A Cross-Sectional Infodemiology Study Examining Readability of Patient-Facing TB Information. 提高生物医学科学素养和患者对结核病(TB)的认识:一项横断面信息生理学研究,探讨面向患者的结核病信息的可读性。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.13566
Caoimhe Shannon, Beverley C Millar, John E Moore

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues be the leading cause of death globally due to an infectious agent. There is a paucity of data describing the readability of patient-facing TB information for service users. The aim of this study was to calculate the readability of multiple global TB information sources.

Methods: Information on tuberculosis (n = 150 sources) included nine categories, Patient-facing information: WHO publications (n = 17), International governments (n = 19), Hospitals (n = 10), Non-government organisations (NGOs)/charities (n = 20), Cochrane Plain Language Summaries (n = 20); LabTestsOnlineUK (n = 4) and Scientific-facing information: Clinical trials (n = 20), Cochrane abstracts (n = 20), Scientific abstracts (n = 20). Readability was calculated using Readable software, defined by (i) Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), (ii) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), (iii) Gunning Fog Index and (iv) SMOG Index and two text metrics [words/sentence, syllables/word].

Results: Mean readability values for TB information for the FRE and FKGL were 35.6 ± 1.6 (standard error of mean (SEM)) (US Target ≥60; UK Target ≥90) and 12.3 ± 0.3 (US Target ≤8; UK Target ≤6), respectively, with mean words per sentence and syllables per word of 17.2 and 1.8, respectively. Cochrane Plain Language Summaries had similar readability scores to their matching scientific abstract (p = 0.15). LabTestsOnlineUK yielded a mean FRE score of 51.5 ± 1.2, a mean FKGL score of 10.2 ± 0.5 and text metric scores of 16.7 ± 2.3 and 1.6, for words per sentence and syllables per word, respectively. In descending order, TB information from international governments, hospitals and LabTestsOnlineUK were the most readable (FRE = 57.9, 54.1 and 51.5, respectively), whereas scientific abstracts and Cochrane abstracts were the most difficult to read (13.0 and 30.2, respectively).

Conclusion: Patient-facing TB information analysed had poor readability. Effective communication of biomedical science concepts and information relating to TB is vital for service users to enhance their health literacy of tuberculosis, thereby promoting better clinical outcomes. Biomedical scientists are important custodians of scientific information for their service user populations, including other healthcare professionals within the TB multidisciplinary (MDT) team and patient service users. When preparing TB information, this should be checked and modified in real time employing readability calculators, to align with health readability targets.

背景:结核病(TB)仍然是全球因传染性病原体致死的主要原因。有关面向患者的结核病信息对服务用户的可读性的数据很少。本研究旨在计算全球多个结核病信息来源的可读性:有关结核病的信息(n = 150 个来源)包括九个类别:面向患者的信息:面向患者的信息:世界卫生组织出版物(n = 17)、国际政府(n = 19)、医院(n = 10)、非政府组织/慈善机构(n = 20)、Cochrane 普通语言摘要(n = 20);英国在线实验室测试(n = 4)和面向科学的信息:临床试验(n = 20)、Cochrane 摘要(n = 20)、科学摘要(n = 20)。可读性使用 Readable 软件进行计算,其定义包括:(i) Flesch Reading Ease (FRE);(ii) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL);(iii) Gunning Fog Index;(iv) SMOG Index;以及两个文本指标[单词/句、音节/单词]:FRE 和 FKGL 中结核病信息的平均可读性值分别为 35.6 ± 1.6(平均值标准误差 (SEM))(美国目标值≥60;英国目标值≥90)和 12.3 ± 0.3(美国目标值≤8;英国目标值≤6),平均每句字数和每字音节数分别为 17.2 和 1.8。Cochrane 普通语言摘要的可读性得分与其匹配的科学摘要相近(p = 0.15)。LabTestsOnlineUK 的平均 FRE 得分为 51.5 ± 1.2,平均 FKGL 得分为 10.2 ± 0.5,每句字数和每字音节的文本度量得分分别为 16.7 ± 2.3 和 1.6。从高到低的顺序来看,来自国际政府、医院和 LabTestsOnlineUK 的结核病信息可读性最高(FRE 分别为 57.9、54.1 和 51.5),而科学摘要和 Cochrane 摘要则最难读(分别为 13.0 和 30.2):结论:所分析的面向患者的结核病信息可读性较差。有效传播与肺结核有关的生物医学科学概念和信息对于服务使用者提高肺结核健康素养至关重要,从而促进更好的临床治疗效果。生物医学家是其服务对象群体(包括结核病多学科(MDT)团队中的其他医疗保健专业人员和患者服务对象)的重要科学信息监护人。在准备结核病信息时,应使用可读性计算器对其进行实时检查和修改,以符合健康可读性目标。
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引用次数: 0
Mesoporous Silica Microparticle-Protein Complexes: Effects of Protein Size and Solvent Properties on Diffusion and Loading Efficiency. 介孔二氧化硅微颗粒-蛋白质复合物:蛋白质大小和溶剂性质对扩散和负载效率的影响
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.13595
Mohamad Anas Al Tahan, Kyprianos Michaelides, Smith Somasekharan Nair, Shouq AlShatti, Craig Russell, Ali Al-Khattawi

Oral administration of protein-based therapeutics is highly desirable due to lower cost, enhanced patient compliance, and convenience. However, the harsh pH environment of the gastrointestinal tract poses significant challenges. Silica-based carriers have emerged as potential candidates for the delivery of protein molecules, owing to their tuneable surface area and pore volume. We explored the use of a commercial mesoporous silica carrier, SYLOID, for the delivery of octreotide and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using a solvent evaporation method in three different solvents. The loading of proteins into SYLOID was driven by diffusion, as described by the Stokes-Einstein equation. Various parameters were investigated, such as protein size, diffusion, and solubility. Additionally, 3D fluorescence confocal imaging was employed to identify fluorescence intensity and protein diffusion within the carrier. Our results indicated that the loading process was influenced by the molecular size of the protein as octreotide exhibited a higher recovery rate (71%) compared to BSA (32%). The methanol-based loading of octreotide showed uniform diffusion into the silica carrier, whereas water and ethanol loading resulted in the drug being concentrated on the surface, as shown by confocal imaging, and further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pore volume assessment supported these findings, showing that octreotide loaded with methanol had a low pore volume (1.2 cc/g). On the other hand, BSA loading was affected by its solubility in the three solvents, its tendency to aggregate, and its low solubility in ethanol and methanol, which resulted in dispersed particle sizes of 223 and 231 μm, respectively. This reduced diffusion into the carrier, as confirmed by fluorescence intensity and diffusivity values. This study underscores the importance of protein size, solvent properties, and diffusion characteristics when using porous carriers for protein delivery. Understanding these factors allows for the development of more effective oral protein-based therapeutics by enhancing loading efficiency. This, in turn, will lead to advances in targeted drug delivery and improved patient outcomes.

由于成本较低、患者依从性更强、使用更方便,口服蛋白类治疗药物非常受欢迎。然而,胃肠道苛刻的 pH 值环境带来了巨大挑战。二氧化硅基载体因其可调节的表面积和孔隙体积,已成为输送蛋白质分子的潜在候选材料。我们探索了在三种不同溶剂中使用溶剂蒸发法将商用介孔二氧化硅载体 SYLOID 用于递送奥曲肽和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)。根据斯托克斯-爱因斯坦方程的描述,蛋白质在 SYLOID 中的负载是由扩散驱动的。研究了各种参数,如蛋白质大小、扩散和溶解度。此外,还采用了三维荧光共聚焦成像技术来确定载体内的荧光强度和蛋白质扩散情况。我们的研究结果表明,装载过程受蛋白质分子大小的影响,因为与 BSA(32%)相比,奥曲肽的回收率更高(71%)。共聚焦成像显示,以甲醇为载体的奥曲肽在硅载体中均匀扩散,而水和乙醇载体则导致药物集中在表面,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进一步证实了这一点。孔隙体积评估证实了这些发现,显示负载甲醇的奥曲肽孔隙体积较小(1.2 cc/g)。另一方面,BSA 的负载量受其在三种溶剂中的溶解度、聚集倾向以及在乙醇和甲醇中的低溶解度的影响,导致分散粒径分别为 223 微米和 231 微米。荧光强度和扩散值证实,这减少了向载体的扩散。这项研究强调了使用多孔载体输送蛋白质时蛋白质大小、溶剂性质和扩散特性的重要性。了解了这些因素,就能通过提高负载效率,开发出更有效的口服蛋白治疗药物。这反过来又会促进靶向给药的发展,改善患者的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
Neuronal Vulnerability of the Entorhinal Cortex to Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. 阿尔茨海默病中内侧皮层神经元对 Tau 病理学的脆弱性
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.13169
Simi Zhang, Chelsea Ann Crossley, Qi Yuan

This review delves into the entorhinal cortex (EC) as a central player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), emphasizing its role in the accumulation and propagation of tau pathology. It elucidates the multifaceted functions of the EC, encompassing memory formation, spatial navigation, and olfactory processing, while exploring how disruptions in these processes contribute to cognitive decline in AD. The review discusses the intricate interplay between tau pathology and EC vulnerability, highlighting how alterations in neuronal firing patterns and synaptic function within the EC exacerbate cognitive impairments. Furthermore, it elucidates how specific neuronal subtypes within the EC exhibit differential susceptibility to tau-induced damage, contributing to disease progression. Early detection methods, such as imaging techniques and assessments of EC blood flow, are examined as potential tools for identifying tau pathology in the preclinical stages of AD. These approaches offer promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and enabling timely intervention. Therapeutic strategies targeting tau pathology within the EC are explored, including the clearance of pathological tau aggregates and the inhibition of tau aggregation processes. By understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying EC vulnerability, researchers can develop more targeted and effective interventions to slow disease progression. The review underscores the importance of reliable biomarkers to assess disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials targeting the EC. Ultimately, it aims to contribute to the development of more effective management strategies for AD, emphasizing the translation of research findings into clinical practice to address the growing societal burden of the disease.

这篇综述深入探讨了作为阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病机制核心参与者的内含皮层(EC),强调了它在tau病理学的积累和传播中的作用。综述阐明了脑内皮层的多方面功能,包括记忆形成、空间导航和嗅觉处理,同时探讨了这些过程的破坏是如何导致阿尔茨海默病认知能力下降的。综述讨论了tau病理学和EC脆弱性之间错综复杂的相互作用,强调了EC内神经元发射模式和突触功能的改变如何加剧认知障碍。此外,文章还阐明了EC中的特定神经元亚型如何对tau诱导的损伤表现出不同的易感性,从而导致疾病进展。研究还探讨了早期检测方法,如成像技术和EC血流评估,作为在AD临床前阶段识别tau病理学的潜在工具。这些方法有望提高诊断的准确性并实现及时干预。研究还探讨了针对心血管内tau病理学的治疗策略,包括清除病理性tau聚集体和抑制tau聚集过程。通过了解心肌脆弱的分子和细胞机制,研究人员可以开发出更有针对性、更有效的干预措施,以延缓疾病的进展。本综述强调了在针对心肌梗死的临床试验中使用可靠的生物标志物来评估疾病进展和疗效的重要性。综述的最终目的是为制定更有效的AD管理策略做出贡献,强调将研究成果转化为临床实践,以应对该疾病日益加重的社会负担。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating Lung Changes in Long COVID: Ultra-Low-Dose vs. Standard-Dose CT Chest. 评估长 COVID 的肺部变化:超低剂量与标准剂量胸部 CT。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.13385
Shritik Devkota, Mandeep Garg, Uma Debi, Sahajal Dhooria, Ashish Dua, Nidhi Prabhakar, Saumya Soni, Muniraju Maralakunte, Ajay Gulati, Tarvinder Singh, Manavjit Singh Sandhu

Background: Frequent chest CTs within a short period during follow-up of long COVID patients may increase the risk of radiation-related health effects in the exposed individuals. We aimed to assess the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) chest compared to standard-dose CT (SDCT) in detecting lung abnormalities associated with long COVID.

Methods: In this prospective study, 100 long COVID patients with respiratory dysfunction underwent SDCT and ULDCT chest that were compared in terms of objective (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR) and subjective image quality (image graininess, sharpness, artifacts, and diagnostic accuracy along with the European guidelines on image quality criteria for CT chest), detection of imaging patterns of long COVID, CT severity score, and effective radiation dose. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of ULDCT was compared among obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m2) subjects.

Results: The mean age of study participants was 53 ± 12.9 years, and 68% were male. The mean SNR was 31.4 ± 5.5 and 11.3 ± 4.6 for SDCT and ULDCT respectively (p< 0.0001). Common findings seen on SDCT included ground-glass opacities (GGOs, 77%), septal thickening/reticulations (67%), atelectatic/parenchymal bands (63%) and nodules (26%). ULDCT provided sharp images, with no/minimal graininess, and high diagnostic confidence in 81%, 82% and 80% of the cases respectively. The sensitivity of ULDCT for various patterns of long COVID was 72.7% (GGOs), 71.6% (interlobular septal thickening/reticulations), 100% (consolidation), 81% (atelectatic/parenchymal bands) and 76.9% (nodules). ULDCT scans in non-obese subjects exhibited a significantly higher sensitivity (88% vs. 60.3%, p < 0.0001) and diagnostic accuracy (97.7% vs. 84.9%, p < 0.0001) compared to obese subjects. ULDCT showed very strong correlation with SDCT in terms of CT severity score (r = 0.996, p < 0.0001). The mean effective radiation dose with ULDCT was 0.25 ± 0.02 mSv with net radiation dose reduction of 94.8% ± 1.7% (p < 0.0001) when compared to SDCT (5.5 ± 1.96 mSv).

Conclusion: ULDCT scans achieved comparable diagnostic accuracy to SDCT for detecting long COVID lung abnormalities in non-obese patients, while significantly reducing radiation exposure.

背景:在长COVID患者的随访期间,短期内频繁进行胸部CT检查可能会增加受辐射者受到辐射相关健康影响的风险。我们旨在评估超低剂量胸部 CT(ULDCT)与标准剂量 CT(SDCT)相比在检测与长 COVID 相关的肺部异常方面的图像质量和诊断准确性:在这项前瞻性研究中,100 名呼吸功能障碍的长 COVID 患者分别接受了 SDCT 和超低剂量 CT 胸部检查,并在客观(信噪比、SNR)和主观图像质量(图像颗粒度、清晰度、伪影和诊断准确性,参照欧洲胸部 CT 图像质量标准指南)、长 COVID 影像模式检测、CT 严重程度评分和有效辐射剂量等方面进行了比较。此外,还比较了肥胖(BMI≥30 kg/m2)和非肥胖(BMI2)受试者的 ULDCT 诊断性能:研究对象的平均年龄为(53 ± 12.9)岁,68%为男性。SDCT和ULDCT的平均信噪比分别为(31.4 ± 5.5)和(11.3 ± 4.6)(P< 0.0001)。SDCT 的常见发现包括磨玻璃不透光(GGOs,77%)、室间隔增厚/网状结构(67%)、无电/胸膜带(63%)和结节(26%)。ULDCT 可提供清晰的图像,无/极少颗粒感,诊断可信度高的病例分别占 81%、82% 和 80%。ULDCT 对各种形态的长 COVID 的敏感性分别为 72.7%(GGOs)、71.6%(小叶间隔增厚/网状)、100%(合并)、81%(无脑/脑膜带)和 76.9%(结节)。与肥胖受试者相比,非肥胖受试者的 ULDCT 扫描敏感性(88% 对 60.3%,P < 0.0001)和诊断准确性(97.7% 对 84.9%,P < 0.0001)明显更高。在 CT 严重程度评分方面,ULDCT 与 SDCT 显示出非常强的相关性(r = 0.996,p < 0.0001)。与SDCT(5.5 ± 1.96 mSv)相比,ULDCT的平均有效辐射剂量为0.25 ± 0.02 mSv,净辐射剂量减少了94.8% ± 1.7% (p < 0.0001):在检测非肥胖患者长COVID肺部异常方面,ULDCT扫描的诊断准确性与SDCT相当,同时显著降低了辐射剂量。
{"title":"Evaluating Lung Changes in Long COVID: Ultra-Low-Dose vs. Standard-Dose CT Chest.","authors":"Shritik Devkota, Mandeep Garg, Uma Debi, Sahajal Dhooria, Ashish Dua, Nidhi Prabhakar, Saumya Soni, Muniraju Maralakunte, Ajay Gulati, Tarvinder Singh, Manavjit Singh Sandhu","doi":"10.3389/bjbs.2024.13385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/bjbs.2024.13385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frequent chest CTs within a short period during follow-up of long COVID patients may increase the risk of radiation-related health effects in the exposed individuals. We aimed to assess the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) chest compared to standard-dose CT (SDCT) in detecting lung abnormalities associated with long COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, 100 long COVID patients with respiratory dysfunction underwent SDCT and ULDCT chest that were compared in terms of objective (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR) and subjective image quality (image graininess, sharpness, artifacts, and diagnostic accuracy along with the European guidelines on image quality criteria for CT chest), detection of imaging patterns of long COVID, CT severity score, and effective radiation dose. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of ULDCT was compared among obese (BMI≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of study participants was 53 ± 12.9 years, and 68% were male. The mean SNR was 31.4 ± 5.5 and 11.3 ± 4.6 for SDCT and ULDCT respectively (p< 0.0001). Common findings seen on SDCT included ground-glass opacities (GGOs, 77%), septal thickening/reticulations (67%), atelectatic/parenchymal bands (63%) and nodules (26%). ULDCT provided sharp images, with no/minimal graininess, and high diagnostic confidence in 81%, 82% and 80% of the cases respectively. The sensitivity of ULDCT for various patterns of long COVID was 72.7% (GGOs), 71.6% (interlobular septal thickening/reticulations), 100% (consolidation), 81% (atelectatic/parenchymal bands) and 76.9% (nodules). ULDCT scans in non-obese subjects exhibited a significantly higher sensitivity (88% vs. 60.3%, p < 0.0001) and diagnostic accuracy (97.7% vs. 84.9%, p < 0.0001) compared to obese subjects. ULDCT showed very strong correlation with SDCT in terms of CT severity score (r = 0.996, p < 0.0001). The mean effective radiation dose with ULDCT was 0.25 ± 0.02 mSv with net radiation dose reduction of 94.8% ± 1.7% (p < 0.0001) when compared to SDCT (5.5 ± 1.96 mSv).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ULDCT scans achieved comparable diagnostic accuracy to SDCT for detecting long COVID lung abnormalities in non-obese patients, while significantly reducing radiation exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9236,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142341972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial: Advances in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. 社论:癌症诊断和治疗的进展。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.13618
Mark O R Hajjawi, Qiuyu Wang, Nadege Presneau, Michael R Ladomery
{"title":"Editorial: Advances in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.","authors":"Mark O R Hajjawi, Qiuyu Wang, Nadege Presneau, Michael R Ladomery","doi":"10.3389/bjbs.2024.13618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/bjbs.2024.13618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9236,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11412858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial: Education and Training in Biomedical Science. 社论:生物医学科学的教育与培训。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.13598
Sheri Scott,Beverley Cherie Millar,Stephen McClean
{"title":"Editorial: Education and Training in Biomedical Science.","authors":"Sheri Scott,Beverley Cherie Millar,Stephen McClean","doi":"10.3389/bjbs.2024.13598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/bjbs.2024.13598","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9236,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacterial Persister Cells and Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Chronic Infections: An Update. 细菌持久细胞与慢性感染中抗生素耐药性的发展:最新进展。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.12958
Anil Philip Kunnath, Mohamed Suodha Suoodh, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Jestin Chellian, Kishneth Palaniveloo

The global issue of antimicrobial resistance poses significant challenges to public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted it as a major global health threat, causing an estimated 700,000 deaths worldwide. Understanding the multifaceted nature of antibiotic resistance is crucial for developing effective strategies. Several physiological and biochemical mechanisms are involved in the development of antibiotic resistance. Bacterial cells may escape the bactericidal actions of the drugs by entering a physiologically dormant state known as bacterial persistence. Recent findings in this field suggest that bacterial persistence can be one of the main sources of chronic infections. The antibiotic tolerance developed by the persister cells could tolerate high levels of antibiotics and may give rise to persister offspring. These persister offspring could be attributed to antibiotic resistance mechanisms, especially in chronic infections. This review attempts to shed light on persister-induced antibiotic resistance and the current therapeutic strategies.

抗菌药耐药性这一全球性问题给公共卫生带来了重大挑战。世界卫生组织(WHO)强调,抗生素耐药性是一个重大的全球健康威胁,估计会导致全球 70 万人死亡。了解抗生素耐药性的多面性对于制定有效的战略至关重要。抗生素耐药性的产生涉及多种生理和生化机制。细菌细胞可能会进入一种生理休眠状态,即细菌持续存在状态,从而逃避药物的杀菌作用。该领域的最新研究结果表明,细菌持久存在可能是慢性感染的主要来源之一。持久细胞产生的抗生素耐受性可以耐受高浓度的抗生素,并可能产生持久细胞后代。这些宿主后代可能是抗生素耐药性机制的产物,尤其是在慢性感染中。本综述试图阐明持久性细胞诱导的抗生素耐药性和当前的治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Letter to the Editor: FIT Sensitivity-A Clinical Perspective. 致编辑的信:FIT 敏感性--临床视角。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.13444
Eddie Cole, Deepa Narayanan, Ree Nee Tiam, John Shepherd, Mark O R Hajjawi
{"title":"Letter to the Editor: FIT Sensitivity-A Clinical Perspective.","authors":"Eddie Cole, Deepa Narayanan, Ree Nee Tiam, John Shepherd, Mark O R Hajjawi","doi":"10.3389/bjbs.2024.13444","DOIUrl":"10.3389/bjbs.2024.13444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9236,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11312947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Letter to the Editor: Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Sensitivity: A Five Year Audit. 致编辑的信:粪便免疫化学检验 (FIT) 灵敏度:五年审计。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.13381
Waseem Jerjes
{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Sensitivity: A Five Year Audit.","authors":"Waseem Jerjes","doi":"10.3389/bjbs.2024.13381","DOIUrl":"10.3389/bjbs.2024.13381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9236,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Biomedical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11312948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Peer Review Process: Past, Present, and Future. 同行评审程序:过去、现在和未来。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.12054
John A Drozdz, Michael R Ladomery

The peer review process is a fundamental aspect of modern scientific paper publishing, underpinning essential quality control. First conceptualised in the 1700s, it is an iterative process that aims to elevate scientific literature to the highest standards whilst preventing publication of scientifically unsound, potentially misleading, and even plagiarised information. It is widely accepted that the peer review of scientific papers is an irreplaceable and fundamental aspect of the research process. However, the rapid growth of research and technology has led to a huge increase in the number of publications. This has led to increased pressure on the peer review system. There are several established peer review methodologies, ranging from single and double blind to open and transparent review, but their implementation across journals and research fields varies greatly. Some journals are testing entirely novel approaches (such as collaborative reviews), whilst others are piloting changes to established methods. Given the unprecedented growth in publication numbers, and the ensuing burden on journals, editors, and reviewers, it is imperative to improve the quality and efficiency of the peer review process. Herein we evaluate the peer review process, from its historical origins to current practice and future directions.

同行评审过程是现代科学论文出版的一个基本方面,是基本质量控制的基础。它是一个反复进行的过程,旨在将科学文献提升到最高标准,同时防止发表不科学、可能误导甚至剽窃的信息。人们普遍认为,科学论文的同行评审是研究过程中不可替代的基本环节。然而,科研和技术的飞速发展导致了论文数量的激增。这给同行评审制度带来了更大的压力。目前有几种成熟的同行评审方法,从单盲、双盲到公开透明的评审,但在不同期刊和研究领域的实施情况却大相径庭。一些期刊正在测试全新的方法(如合作评审),而另一些期刊则在试行改变既定方法。鉴于出版数量的空前增长,以及期刊、编辑和审稿人随之而来的负担,提高同行评审过程的质量和效率势在必行。在此,我们将从同行评审的历史渊源、当前实践和未来方向对其进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
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