Purpose: This research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 7, contributing to the progress outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the commitments of the Paris Climate Agreement. Specifically, this study focuses on the spatial analysis of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, offering valuable insights for academic exploration and informing public policy decisions related to the widespread adoption of this increasingly vital renewable energy technology. The outcomes of this project transcend academic significance, extending to practical applications for energy practitioners, policymakers, academics, and future researchers. The meticulous tracking of solar PV system spatial patterns in Kisumu County yields data that not only benefits its residents but also serves as a valuable resource for the entire nation. This information will be instrumental for current energy practitioners, policymakers, academicians, and prospective researchers seeking to advance the collective knowledge in this field.
Methodology: The study adopted a Quasi-Experimental research design to explore various social phenomena, aiming to identify key facts. Utilizing statistical evidence, we conducted numerical comparisons and statistical inferences to validate or refute the research questions. Locational information on households utilizing small home systems was extracted from a secondary Solar Database. This data underwent georeferencing, enhancing our comprehension of the actual geographical distribution of households and facilitating the achievement of our research objectives. In the process of data analysis, we employed inferential statistics, specifically regression analysis, conducted using ArcGIS PRO powered by ESRI. The utilization of ArcGIS Pro extended to the creation of an empirical model. This model was designed to probe into the factors influencing the observed spatial diffusion patterns, providing a robust analytical framework for our investigation.
Findings: In the initial objective, cluster and outlier analysis unveiled a distinct low-high cluster pattern for solar home systems (SHS). The optimized hotspot analysis consistently identified SHS hotspots and cold spots within the region, particularly aligning with urban areas, notably Kisumu. The second objective exposed factors influencing diffusion, revealing negative correlations with population density, household density, and poverty rate, indicating diminished adoption in densely populated and impoverished areas. Conversely, positive correlations with income, education, and electrification rates signaled heightened adoption in wealthier, educated communities. Despite consistent diffusion trends, an empirical model underscored the substantial impact of income and electricity on SHS diffusion. The third objective disclosed that between 2016-2021, SHS diffusion contributed to the mitigation of 268,581.6 metric tons of carbon emissions.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice an
{"title":"Spatial Patterns of Solar Photovoltaic System Diffusion Kisumu County, Kenya","authors":"Joyce Mwangi, Paul Obade","doi":"10.47604/ijes.2160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.2160","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 7, contributing to the progress outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the commitments of the Paris Climate Agreement. Specifically, this study focuses on the spatial analysis of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, offering valuable insights for academic exploration and informing public policy decisions related to the widespread adoption of this increasingly vital renewable energy technology. The outcomes of this project transcend academic significance, extending to practical applications for energy practitioners, policymakers, academics, and future researchers. The meticulous tracking of solar PV system spatial patterns in Kisumu County yields data that not only benefits its residents but also serves as a valuable resource for the entire nation. This information will be instrumental for current energy practitioners, policymakers, academicians, and prospective researchers seeking to advance the collective knowledge in this field.
 Methodology: The study adopted a Quasi-Experimental research design to explore various social phenomena, aiming to identify key facts. Utilizing statistical evidence, we conducted numerical comparisons and statistical inferences to validate or refute the research questions. Locational information on households utilizing small home systems was extracted from a secondary Solar Database. This data underwent georeferencing, enhancing our comprehension of the actual geographical distribution of households and facilitating the achievement of our research objectives. In the process of data analysis, we employed inferential statistics, specifically regression analysis, conducted using ArcGIS PRO powered by ESRI. The utilization of ArcGIS Pro extended to the creation of an empirical model. This model was designed to probe into the factors influencing the observed spatial diffusion patterns, providing a robust analytical framework for our investigation.
 Findings: In the initial objective, cluster and outlier analysis unveiled a distinct low-high cluster pattern for solar home systems (SHS). The optimized hotspot analysis consistently identified SHS hotspots and cold spots within the region, particularly aligning with urban areas, notably Kisumu. The second objective exposed factors influencing diffusion, revealing negative correlations with population density, household density, and poverty rate, indicating diminished adoption in densely populated and impoverished areas. Conversely, positive correlations with income, education, and electrification rates signaled heightened adoption in wealthier, educated communities. Despite consistent diffusion trends, an empirical model underscored the substantial impact of income and electricity on SHS diffusion. The third objective disclosed that between 2016-2021, SHS diffusion contributed to the mitigation of 268,581.6 metric tons of carbon emissions.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice an","PeriodicalId":92380,"journal":{"name":"International journal of environmental sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Oladapo, Tunde Ogundele, Olukayode Oladipo, Adeyemo Oyedemi, Adesoye Aderounmu
Purpose: This study investigated the effects of cassava effluents on the soil physicochemical properties and water quality in Ibarapa Region Southwestern, Nigeria.
Methodology: Three Cassava Processing Sites (CPSs) and Control Sites (CSs) of 5m by 5m quadrant and three wells of varying distances to the CPSs were randomly selected in each of the three local government areas in Ibarapa Region. In all, nine CPSs, nine CSs and nine wells (SPs) were sampled during the dry season. The soil and water samples collected were subjected to laboratory analysis for physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics. The spatial distribution of the CPSs was determined using GIS techniques and Nearest Neighbour Statistic.
Findings: The results showed that the CPSs distribution was significantly dispersed. However, that distance to the cassava processing sites impacted on the concentration of parameters tested. Analysis of the soil properties showed that the pH values were higher at the CPSs, elevated values of heavy metals were also noticed and cyanide concentration. Analysis of water quality in some of the sampled wells showed that the water samples were mainly within the WHO permissible standard except higher values recorded for heavy metals in SP 2 and elevated cyanide in SPs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 which were in close proximity to the processing sites. Bacteriological analysis also revealed that only SP 2 had the presence of Coliform Escherichia coli.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings alluded to the inherent danger in man’s defective interaction with the environment. Hence, the study to a great extent could trigger appropriate measures in soil, water and waste management by stakeholders. Such measure could include treatment of cassava effluents before being dumped in to the environment as well as treating water before being consumed. Governments through her agencies such as the NAFDAC and sanitary inspectors should monitor the activities of these gari, fufu, lafun and tapioca makers especially about the discharge of cassava effluents.
{"title":"Effects of Cassava Effluents on the Soil Physicochemical Properties and Water Quality in Ibarapa Region, Oyo State, Southwestern, Nigeria","authors":"Samuel Oladapo, Tunde Ogundele, Olukayode Oladipo, Adeyemo Oyedemi, Adesoye Aderounmu","doi":"10.47604/ijes.2140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.2140","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study investigated the effects of cassava effluents on the soil physicochemical properties and water quality in Ibarapa Region Southwestern, Nigeria.
 Methodology: Three Cassava Processing Sites (CPSs) and Control Sites (CSs) of 5m by 5m quadrant and three wells of varying distances to the CPSs were randomly selected in each of the three local government areas in Ibarapa Region. In all, nine CPSs, nine CSs and nine wells (SPs) were sampled during the dry season. The soil and water samples collected were subjected to laboratory analysis for physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics. The spatial distribution of the CPSs was determined using GIS techniques and Nearest Neighbour Statistic.
 Findings: The results showed that the CPSs distribution was significantly dispersed. However, that distance to the cassava processing sites impacted on the concentration of parameters tested. Analysis of the soil properties showed that the pH values were higher at the CPSs, elevated values of heavy metals were also noticed and cyanide concentration. Analysis of water quality in some of the sampled wells showed that the water samples were mainly within the WHO permissible standard except higher values recorded for heavy metals in SP 2 and elevated cyanide in SPs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 which were in close proximity to the processing sites. Bacteriological analysis also revealed that only SP 2 had the presence of Coliform Escherichia coli.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings alluded to the inherent danger in man’s defective interaction with the environment. Hence, the study to a great extent could trigger appropriate measures in soil, water and waste management by stakeholders. Such measure could include treatment of cassava effluents before being dumped in to the environment as well as treating water before being consumed. Governments through her agencies such as the NAFDAC and sanitary inspectors should monitor the activities of these gari, fufu, lafun and tapioca makers especially about the discharge of cassava effluents.","PeriodicalId":92380,"journal":{"name":"International journal of environmental sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Inability of ceramists to formulate glazes locally and the cost of importing glazes had resulted to the closure of many cottage ceramic industries in Nigeria. The study, physicochemical characterization of cullet to glaze, was conducted with the aim of recycling cullet for glazing earthen wares and the intention was to conduct elemental analysis of waste glass for glaze recipes, determine its artistic usage, lessen cullet from environment and harness the chemical properties for industrial development and economic growth.
Methodology: Methodologies for the study involved laboratory analysis to determine oxides concentration in the cullet and studio artistic techniques to form glaze batches, batch-milling, glazes application on earthenware, and kiln firing. Four colours of windowpane cullet were used in order to determine their chromaticity effects as glaze. Cullet were pulverised with pulveriser machine (Rocklabs) and elemental analysis was carried out with tandem accelerator machine, using Particle Induce X-ray Emission to determine oxide compositions and concentrations.
Findings: Elemental analysis revealed Na2O, MgO, K2O, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, TiO2, PbO and FeO. SO3, P3O5, ZrO2, Rb2O, ZnO, MoO3, Sb2O5, SrO and BaO in varying concentrations as the oxides in the samples. The glass ceramic glazes gave good matt, glossy, opalescent, translucent and opaque results at 950oC kiln temperature. The reactions of additive fluxes on each formulated glaze batch with windowpane cullet assist hydrokinetics nature of their crystallisation phases in the kiln.
Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study is hinged on the circular economy theory; an approach towards designing out of waste and regenerating natural system. It explicates artists’ ideas in recycling cullet for glaze derivation and highlights recycling benefits of cullet for environmental sustainability and entrepreneurial development. The study enhances the understanding of ceramists on how cullet can be utilized for glaze production and contributes to the development of practical strategies and solutions for stakeholders in ceramic field. The adaptation will ameliorate the problem of unavailability and high cost of glazes; stimulate rapid development of the Nigerian ceramic industry and heighten economic growth of Nigeria.
{"title":"Physicochemical Characterization of Cullet to Glaze for Environmental Sustainability and Entrepreneurial Development","authors":"Michael Ajadi, Sulaimon Lawal, Samson Babalola","doi":"10.47604/ijes.2113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.2113","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Inability of ceramists to formulate glazes locally and the cost of importing glazes had resulted to the closure of many cottage ceramic industries in Nigeria. The study, physicochemical characterization of cullet to glaze, was conducted with the aim of recycling cullet for glazing earthen wares and the intention was to conduct elemental analysis of waste glass for glaze recipes, determine its artistic usage, lessen cullet from environment and harness the chemical properties for industrial development and economic growth.
 Methodology: Methodologies for the study involved laboratory analysis to determine oxides concentration in the cullet and studio artistic techniques to form glaze batches, batch-milling, glazes application on earthenware, and kiln firing. Four colours of windowpane cullet were used in order to determine their chromaticity effects as glaze. Cullet were pulverised with pulveriser machine (Rocklabs) and elemental analysis was carried out with tandem accelerator machine, using Particle Induce X-ray Emission to determine oxide compositions and concentrations.
 Findings: Elemental analysis revealed Na2O, MgO, K2O, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, TiO2, PbO and FeO. SO3, P3O5, ZrO2, Rb2O, ZnO, MoO3, Sb2O5, SrO and BaO in varying concentrations as the oxides in the samples. The glass ceramic glazes gave good matt, glossy, opalescent, translucent and opaque results at 950oC kiln temperature. The reactions of additive fluxes on each formulated glaze batch with windowpane cullet assist hydrokinetics nature of their crystallisation phases in the kiln.
 Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study is hinged on the circular economy theory; an approach towards designing out of waste and regenerating natural system. It explicates artists’ ideas in recycling cullet for glaze derivation and highlights recycling benefits of cullet for environmental sustainability and entrepreneurial development. The study enhances the understanding of ceramists on how cullet can be utilized for glaze production and contributes to the development of practical strategies and solutions for stakeholders in ceramic field. The adaptation will ameliorate the problem of unavailability and high cost of glazes; stimulate rapid development of the Nigerian ceramic industry and heighten economic growth of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":92380,"journal":{"name":"International journal of environmental sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136312784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Climate change in Rwanda is a great challenge resulting from increased temperature and causing abnormal variability in weather variables and threatening the socio-economic welfare of human beings. Water resources have been subjected to degradation and pollution due to intensive and frequent rainfall that have negatively impact on water abstractions in their proximity. This study aimed at analyzing the vulnerability of the Nyabarongo river water abstraction to climate change.
Methodology: GIS and remote sensing were used to map and analyze possible changes in geophysical status of the river. Secondary data collection on temperature and rainfall for a forty years period was used to analyze the trend in climate change in Rwanda.
Findings: The results indicated that climate change in Rwanda has resulted in extreme weather events that resulted in inundations and floods of Nyabarongo River and its wetland that exacerbated the changes in geophysical status such as river flow pathway and meandering. This has resulted in washing away of some water abstraction facilities around the river and the distancing from such facilities leading to interference with abstraction. It was also found out that dry season’s markedly diminished water available for abstraction in the river and impacting negatively on the groundwater recharge.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings can stimulate decision makers in water resources management to initiate and roll out similar studies countrywide and serve as baseline to adopt measures and strategies for the sustainable management of the resources. The findings also call for Water users to take into consideration of climate impacts during the studies, designs and implementation of water use project for the sustainable exploitation of water resources.
{"title":"Vulnerability of Nyabarongo River Water Abstraction to Climate Change in Rwanda","authors":"Prosper Manikuze, John Nyongesah","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1775","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Climate change in Rwanda is a great challenge resulting from increased temperature and causing abnormal variability in weather variables and threatening the socio-economic welfare of human beings. Water resources have been subjected to degradation and pollution due to intensive and frequent rainfall that have negatively impact on water abstractions in their proximity. This study aimed at analyzing the vulnerability of the Nyabarongo river water abstraction to climate change.
 Methodology: GIS and remote sensing were used to map and analyze possible changes in geophysical status of the river. Secondary data collection on temperature and rainfall for a forty years period was used to analyze the trend in climate change in Rwanda.
 Findings: The results indicated that climate change in Rwanda has resulted in extreme weather events that resulted in inundations and floods of Nyabarongo River and its wetland that exacerbated the changes in geophysical status such as river flow pathway and meandering. This has resulted in washing away of some water abstraction facilities around the river and the distancing from such facilities leading to interference with abstraction. It was also found out that dry season’s markedly diminished water available for abstraction in the river and impacting negatively on the groundwater recharge.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings can stimulate decision makers in water resources management to initiate and roll out similar studies countrywide and serve as baseline to adopt measures and strategies for the sustainable management of the resources. The findings also call for Water users to take into consideration of climate impacts during the studies, designs and implementation of water use project for the sustainable exploitation of water resources.","PeriodicalId":92380,"journal":{"name":"International journal of environmental sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135797468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jerzy Bilski, Kyle McLean, Erin McLean, Fakira Soumaila, Mardee Lander
The objective of this research was to determine the effects of growth media containing FA and FA mixed with soil on selected crop plants seedlings growth. We studied the influence of various FA concentrations (e.g., 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100% of FA in growth media by weight basis) in FA/soil composed media on the germination, growth, and heavy metals uptake of the following plants: barley, Sudan grass, ryegrass, rape, alfalfa, and canola. Plants were grown on Petri dishes (10 cm diameter, 3 replications) for 14-21 days, harvested, dried, and weighed. Experiments have been replicated three times. The concentrations of Al, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Sr, Ti, Tl, and V in growth media were determined, and the concentrations of the same elements in young plants were analyzed. Addition of 10, 20, and 30% of FA to the soil were acceptable for most plants, as compared to FA alone used as a growth media. Barley was the only plant of plants used in our research, which was able to sustain seedlings growth on media consisting on FA alone. Preliminary results of chemical analysis of FA and harvested young plants implicate that plants do not accumulate toxic amounts of heavy metals even being grown on media containing 100% FA. Our research results indicate that coal FA might be used as a plant growth media additive. However, additional studies should be undertaken to determine the effects of FA on plants grown till maturity.
本研究的目的是确定含有脂肪酸和脂肪酸与土壤混合的生长介质对某些作物幼苗生长的影响。我们研究了在 FA/土壤组成的培养基中，不同浓度的 FA（如 0、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90 和 100% 的 FA（按重量计））对以下植物的发芽、生长和重金属吸收的影响：大麦、苏丹草、黑麦草、油菜、紫花苜蓿和油菜籽。植物在培养皿（直径 10 厘米，3 次重复）中生长 14-21 天，收获、晾干并称重。实验重复三次。测定了生长培养基中 Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、Cu、Mo、Sr、Ti、Tl 和 V 的浓度，并分析了幼苗中相同元素的浓度。与单独使用 FA 作为生长介质相比，在土壤中添加 10%、20% 和 30% 的 FA 对大多数植物来说都是可以接受的。在我们的研究中，大麦是唯一一种能在仅由脂肪酸组成的培养基上维持幼苗生长的植物。对煤焦油和收获的幼苗进行化学分析的初步结果表明，即使在含有 100% 煤焦油的培养基上生长，植物也不会积累有毒的重金属。我们的研究结果表明，煤脂肪酸可用作植物生长培养基添加剂。不过，还应该进行更多的研究，以确定 FA 对生长至成熟期的植物的影响。
{"title":"Environmental health aspects of coal ash phytoremediation by selected crops.","authors":"Jerzy Bilski, Kyle McLean, Erin McLean, Fakira Soumaila, Mardee Lander","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this research was to determine the effects of growth media containing FA and FA mixed with soil on selected crop plants seedlings growth. We studied the influence of various FA concentrations (e.g., 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100% of FA in growth media by weight basis) in FA/soil composed media on the germination, growth, and heavy metals uptake of the following plants: barley, Sudan grass, ryegrass, rape, alfalfa, and canola. Plants were grown on Petri dishes (10 cm diameter, 3 replications) for 14-21 days, harvested, dried, and weighed. Experiments have been replicated three times. The concentrations of Al, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Sr, Ti, Tl, and V in growth media were determined, and the concentrations of the same elements in young plants were analyzed. Addition of 10, 20, and 30% of FA to the soil were acceptable for most plants, as compared to FA alone used as a growth media. Barley was the only plant of plants used in our research, which was able to sustain seedlings growth on media consisting on FA alone. Preliminary results of chemical analysis of FA and harvested young plants implicate that plants do not accumulate toxic amounts of heavy metals even being grown on media containing 100% FA. Our research results indicate that coal FA might be used as a plant growth media additive. However, additional studies should be undertaken to determine the effects of FA on plants grown till maturity.</p>","PeriodicalId":92380,"journal":{"name":"International journal of environmental sciences","volume":"1 7","pages":"2028-2036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36490282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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