Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2165-8048.19.9.304
M. Younis
Introduction: 387 million people are considered to have diabetes all over the world, and the number is expected to increase miserably to 592 million by 2035. Alternative ways to create β-cells from endogenous sources should be found as a way for the evolution of treatment. This is to bypass the complication of tissue matching and surgical procedures. To date several rebuilding approaches have been developed to stimulate β-cells regeneration through the induction of the proliferation of remaining β-cells, neo-genesis; de novo islet formation from pancreatic progenitor cells, and trans-differentiation; converting non-β-cells within the pancreas to β-cells. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) contains various growth factors which can be used for tissue regeneration including pancreatic beta cells. Materials and methods: 2 groups of Type-2 diabetes patients had been monitored in a private clinic, number 40 each group, with 30 females and 50 males. The first group patients relieved oral hypoglycemic drugs as usual but injected by PRP weekly by subcutaneous injection of 3 ml, the second group received oral drugs only. Results: There were significant increases in c-peptide levels in patients with PRP injection with dpp4 inhibitors and metformin for 3 months with p-value less than 0.0001. In the second group patients on oral therapy only there were no significant change in c-peptide levels after 3 months of oral hypoglycemic drugs. Conclusion: As Growth factors (GFs) are considered as a natural biological mediators which control growth, differentiation, and have a role in the process of tissue reform and regeneration. The growth factors in platelet-rich plasma can induce beta cell regeneration and increase beta cell mass by stimulating β-cell neo-genesis and through ductal cell differentiation into β-cells which is detected by an increase in c-peptide levels which may add to Type-2 diabetes treatment.
{"title":"Growth Factors in Platelet Rich Plasma can Regenerate Pancreatic Beta Cells in Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"M. Younis","doi":"10.35248/2165-8048.19.9.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-8048.19.9.304","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: 387 million people are considered to have diabetes all over the world, and the number is expected to increase miserably to 592 million by 2035. Alternative ways to create β-cells from endogenous sources should be found as a way for the evolution of treatment. This is to bypass the complication of tissue matching and surgical procedures. To date several rebuilding approaches have been developed to stimulate β-cells regeneration through the induction of the proliferation of remaining β-cells, neo-genesis; de novo islet formation from pancreatic progenitor cells, and trans-differentiation; converting non-β-cells within the pancreas to β-cells. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) contains various growth factors which can be used for tissue regeneration including pancreatic beta cells. Materials and methods: 2 groups of Type-2 diabetes patients had been monitored in a private clinic, number 40 each group, with 30 females and 50 males. The first group patients relieved oral hypoglycemic drugs as usual but injected by PRP weekly by subcutaneous injection of 3 ml, the second group received oral drugs only. Results: There were significant increases in c-peptide levels in patients with PRP injection with dpp4 inhibitors and metformin for 3 months with p-value less than 0.0001. In the second group patients on oral therapy only there were no significant change in c-peptide levels after 3 months of oral hypoglycemic drugs. Conclusion: As Growth factors (GFs) are considered as a natural biological mediators which control growth, differentiation, and have a role in the process of tissue reform and regeneration. The growth factors in platelet-rich plasma can induce beta cell regeneration and increase beta cell mass by stimulating β-cell neo-genesis and through ductal cell differentiation into β-cells which is detected by an increase in c-peptide levels which may add to Type-2 diabetes treatment.","PeriodicalId":92650,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine: open access","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90134749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2165-8048.19.9.307
S. Moschonas, T. Katsikas, S. Drimis
The aim of this paper is to show the correlation between the imaging features of brain abscess in a patient with multiple brain abscesses and the possible outcome of the disease by using a point-grading system. For this purpose we will review a real clinical case, admitted and investigated in our clinic, we will describe the radiological features from the imaging studies done (contrast enhanced CT and MRI) and with the use of a grading scale according to those features a sum of points will be gathered, which refers to an anticipated outcome for the patient. We will examine the value of the score, deriving from the point sum, as a prognostic index of mortality based on the score that this patient had and his actual clinical outcome and whether this outcome was indeed anticipated. In addition there is an epidemiological value of this case report as the brain abscesses were cryptogenic regarding etiology and the causative agent was Streptococcus intermedius.
{"title":"Multiple Brain Abscesses Caused by Streptococcus intermedius: Prognostic Index of Mortality","authors":"S. Moschonas, T. Katsikas, S. Drimis","doi":"10.35248/2165-8048.19.9.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-8048.19.9.307","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to show the correlation between the imaging features of brain abscess in a patient with multiple brain abscesses and the possible outcome of the disease by using a point-grading system. For this purpose we will review a real clinical case, admitted and investigated in our clinic, we will describe the radiological features from the imaging studies done (contrast enhanced CT and MRI) and with the use of a grading scale according to those features a sum of points will be gathered, which refers to an anticipated outcome for the patient. We will examine the value of the score, deriving from the point sum, as a prognostic index of mortality based on the score that this patient had and his actual clinical outcome and whether this outcome was indeed anticipated. In addition there is an epidemiological value of this case report as the brain abscesses were cryptogenic regarding etiology and the causative agent was Streptococcus intermedius.","PeriodicalId":92650,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine: open access","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80357589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2165-8048.19.9.308
Sama Metwally, L. E. Ahwal, Khalid Zaghlol, N. Alwan, Raghda Gabar
Werner syndrome is considered inherited premature ageing and genomic instability syndrome. It is an autosomal recessive disorder in which aging process is accelerated starting after puberty. It is also termed as Progeria adultorum. The hallmark features are short stature, senile facies, scleroderma like skin (dry atrophic skin, mottled darkness, telangiectasia, sclerodactyly, and gangrene), cataract, hypogonadism, contractures of skin over joint, premature atherosclerosis, loss of subcutaneous fat and ulcers over feet and leg. Treatment of painful ulcers is difficult with increased risk of malignancy (fibro sarcoma in 10% of patients). Death is usually occurring in the fourth to sixth decade due to myocardial infarction or malignancy. We reported 2 brothers of Pangeria of positive consanguinity parents the older is 40 years old, short stature, senile facies with bilateral hip joint replacement, chronic leg ulcer, bilateral cataract extraction and the younger is 35 years old, short stature, senile facies, infertile, previous cataract extraction with bone deformity. The later presented to us in outpatient clinic, Internal Medicine department, Tanta university Hospital, Egypt for preoperative assessment for cataract operation. We admit the patient to investigate him and to confirm our provisional diagnosis as regard Werner syndrome. As no definite treatment for this disorder and death usually occurs in the fourth to sixth decade, early diagnosis and follow up is beneficial and screening for malignancies and associated diseases should be performed regularly.
{"title":"Werner Syndrome: A Case Report of Two Brothers of Pangeria","authors":"Sama Metwally, L. E. Ahwal, Khalid Zaghlol, N. Alwan, Raghda Gabar","doi":"10.35248/2165-8048.19.9.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-8048.19.9.308","url":null,"abstract":"Werner syndrome is considered inherited premature ageing and genomic instability syndrome. It is an autosomal recessive disorder in which aging process is accelerated starting after puberty. It is also termed as Progeria adultorum. The hallmark features are short stature, senile facies, scleroderma like skin (dry atrophic skin, mottled darkness, telangiectasia, sclerodactyly, and gangrene), cataract, hypogonadism, contractures of skin over joint, premature atherosclerosis, loss of subcutaneous fat and ulcers over feet and leg. Treatment of painful ulcers is difficult with increased risk of malignancy (fibro sarcoma in 10% of patients). Death is usually occurring in the fourth to sixth decade due to myocardial infarction or malignancy. We reported 2 brothers of Pangeria of positive consanguinity parents the older is 40 years old, short stature, senile facies with bilateral hip joint replacement, chronic leg ulcer, bilateral cataract extraction and the younger is 35 years old, short stature, senile facies, infertile, previous cataract extraction with bone deformity. The later presented to us in outpatient clinic, Internal Medicine department, Tanta university Hospital, Egypt for preoperative assessment for cataract operation. We admit the patient to investigate him and to confirm our provisional diagnosis as regard Werner syndrome. As no definite treatment for this disorder and death usually occurs in the fourth to sixth decade, early diagnosis and follow up is beneficial and screening for malignancies and associated diseases should be performed regularly.","PeriodicalId":92650,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine: open access","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86626413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) has a major role in thermoregulation, producing heat by non-shivering thermogenesis. Primarily found in animals and human infants, the presence of significant brown adipose tissue was identified only recently, and its metabolic role in adults was reconsidered. BAT is believed to have an important role in many metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, and also to be associated with cancer cachexia. Therefore, it is currently a topic of great interest in the research community, and many groups are investigating the mechanisms underlying BAT metabolism in normal and pathological conditions. However, well established non-invasive methods for assessing BAT distribution and function are still lacking. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of the art of these methods, with a particular focus on PET, CT and MRI.
{"title":"Non-invasive Imaging Methods for Brown Adipose Tissue Detection and Function Evaluation.","authors":"Yaqi Zhang, Xiaofei Hu, Su Hu, Alessandro Scotti, Kejia Cai, Jian Wang, Xin Zhou, Ding Yang, Matteo Figini, Liang Pan, Junjie Shangguan, Jia Yang, Zhuoli Zhang","doi":"10.4172/2165-8048.1000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-8048.1000299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) has a major role in thermoregulation, producing heat by non-shivering thermogenesis. Primarily found in animals and human infants, the presence of significant brown adipose tissue was identified only recently, and its metabolic role in adults was reconsidered. BAT is believed to have an important role in many metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, and also to be associated with cancer cachexia. Therefore, it is currently a topic of great interest in the research community, and many groups are investigating the mechanisms underlying BAT metabolism in normal and pathological conditions. However, well established non-invasive methods for assessing BAT distribution and function are still lacking. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of the art of these methods, with a particular focus on PET, CT and MRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":92650,"journal":{"name":"Internal medicine: open access","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-8048.1000299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37233210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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