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PH Professional Network: Comprehensive Evaluation and Ongoing Approach to Children With Down Syndrome Who Have Pulmonary Hypertension or Are at Risk of Developing Pulmonary Hypertension PH专业网络:对患有肺动脉高压或有发展为肺动脉高压风险的唐氏综合症儿童的综合评估和持续治疗方法
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088X-18.1.37
Traci Housten, E. Jackson, A. Davis
Children with Down syndrome and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are a unique and challenging group of patients. Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, affects approximately one in every 600 to 800 live births. PH, currently defined as a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure of ≥25 mm Hg, is known to increase morbidity and mortality significantly in this group of patients and has been identified in as many as 28% of all patients with Down syndrome. Furthermore, specific risk factors and comorbidities have been shown to increase the chance of developing PH in this population. Careful screening and proper treatment is imperative in children with Down syndrome to prevent the development, recurrence, or progression of PH in this population. Recent findings from Bush et al demonstrate clear clinical characteristics and risk factors for development of PH in children with Down syndrome. Prior to this study, data regarding the incidence of PH throughout the Down syndrome lifespan, associations with comorbidities, exacerbating factors, and overall impact of PH in the Down syndrome population were lacking. Most notably, perhaps, was their finding that a vast majority (87%) of patients who suffered from recurrent PH after a previous resolution were classified as World Health Organization (WHO) Group 3 or associated with lung disease. The study also demonstrated that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), recurrent hypoxia, and aspiration are clear risk factors for development or recurrence of PH. Given these findings, we as providers must take an organized approach in screening for potentially preventable lung insults that contribute to the development and further progression of PH.
患有唐氏综合征和肺动脉高压(PH)的儿童是一个独特且具有挑战性的患者群体。唐氏综合症,或21三体,大约每600到800个活产婴儿中就有一个患有唐氏综合症。PH,目前定义为静息平均肺动脉压≥25 mm Hg,已知会显著增加这组患者的发病率和死亡率,并已在多达28%的唐氏综合征患者中被发现。此外,特定的危险因素和合并症已被证明会增加这一人群发生PH的机会。仔细的筛查和适当的治疗对于患有唐氏综合症的儿童至关重要,以防止该人群中PH的发生、复发或进展。Bush等人最近的研究结果明确了唐氏综合征儿童PH发展的临床特征和危险因素。在这项研究之前,缺乏关于唐氏综合征人群中PH在整个唐氏综合征生命周期中的发病率、与合共病的关系、加剧因素以及PH总体影响的数据。也许最值得注意的是,他们发现绝大多数(87%)在先前的解决后再次遭受PH的患者被世界卫生组织(who)分类为第3组或与肺部疾病相关。该研究还表明,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)、复发性缺氧和误吸是PH发生或复发的明显危险因素。鉴于这些发现,我们作为提供者必须采取有组织的方法筛查可能导致PH发生和进一步进展的可预防的肺损伤。
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引用次数: 3
Pulmonary Hypertension Roundtable: The Crossover From Child to Adult With PH and Congenital Heart Disease 肺动脉高压圆桌会议:从儿童到成人PH和先天性心脏病的转变
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088x-18.1.25
Guest editor Dunbar Ivy, MD, Chief of Pediatric Cardiology and Director of the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Program at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Colorado led a discussion among Editor-in-Chief Harrison (Hap) Farber, MD, then Professor of Medicine and Director of the Pulmonary Hypertension Center at Boston University/Boston Medical Center; Mary P. Mullen, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School, associate cardiologist at Boston Children's Hospital and Associate Director of the Pulmonary Hypertension Service as well as a member of the adult congenital heart program; Jeffrey R. Fineman, MD, Professor and Vice Chair of Pediatrics, Director of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital; and Gareth Morgan, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics-Cardiology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and Director of the Cardiac Catheterization Lab at Children's Hospital of Colorado.
科罗拉多大学医学院和科罗拉多儿童医院儿科心脏病学主任兼儿科肺动脉高压项目主任Dunbar Ivy医学博士客座编辑与时任波士顿大学/波士顿医学中心医学教授兼肺动脉高压中心主任的Harrison(Hap)Farber医学博士主编进行了讨论;Mary P.Mullen,医学博士,博士,哈佛医学院儿科助理教授,波士顿儿童医院心脏病副专家,肺动脉高压服务副主任,成人先天性心脏项目成员;Jeffrey R.Fineman,医学博士,儿科教授兼副主席,加州大学旧金山贝尼奥夫儿童医院儿科重症医学和肺动脉高压主任;科罗拉多大学医学院儿科心脏病学副教授、科罗拉多儿童医院心脏导管实验室主任Gareth Morgan医学博士。
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引用次数: 0
Pressure vs Flow-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension 压力与流量诱发的肺动脉高压
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088X-18.1.19
J. Fineman, S. Black
The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is multifactorial, complex, and incompletely understood. However, it is known that abnormal mechanical forces within the pulmonary vasculature participate in the disease process. The pulmonary vasculature is continually exposed to hemodynamic forces that include: (1) shear stress, the tangential friction force acting on the vessel wall due to blood flow; (2) hydrostatic pressure, the perpendicular force acting on the vascular wall; and (3) cyclic strain, the circumferential stretch of the vessel wall. Mechanosensors on pulmonary vascular endothelial cells detect these forces and transduce them into biochemical signals that trigger vascular responses (Figure 1). Among the various force-induced signaling molecules, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been implicated in vascular health and disease. For example, increases in physiologic shear stress associated with increased cardiac output (ie, during exercise) result in induction of NO production with decreased ROS and ET-1, facilitating pulmonary vasodilation and increased flow. However, the pathologic pulmonary vasculature may induce supraphysiologic levels of shear stress, pressure, and cyclic strain resulting in decreased NO with increased ROS and ET-1. Thus, abnormal hemodynamic forces develop in and participate in the disease progression of most forms of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). However, the influence of hemodynamic forces in the pathobiology of PVD is most clearly demonstrated in patients with PH secondary to congenital heart disease (CHD).
肺动脉高压(PH)的病理生理学是多因素的、复杂的,并且不完全了解。然而,众所周知,肺血管系统内的异常机械力参与了疾病过程。肺血管系统持续暴露于血液动力学力,包括:(1)剪切应力,即由于血液流动而作用在血管壁上的切向摩擦力;(2) 静水压力,作用在血管壁上的垂直力;以及(3)循环应变,即血管壁的周向拉伸。肺血管内皮细胞上的机械传感器检测到这些力,并将其转化为触发血管反应的生化信号(图1)。在各种力诱导的信号分子中,一氧化氮(NO)、活性氧(ROS)和内皮素-1(ET-1)与血管健康和疾病有关。例如,与心输出量增加相关的生理剪切应力的增加(即在运动期间)导致NO产生,ROS和ET-1减少,促进肺血管舒张和流量增加。然而,病理性肺血管系统可能诱导超生理水平的剪切应力、压力和循环应变,导致NO减少,ROS和ET-1增加。因此,异常的血液动力学力在大多数形式的肺血管疾病(PVD)中发展并参与疾病进展。然而,在先天性心脏病(CHD)继发的PH患者中,血液动力学力量对PVD病理生物学的影响最为明显。
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引用次数: 4
Pulmonary Vascular Disease in the Single-Ventricle Patient: Is it Really Pulmonary Hypertension and if So, How and When Should We Treat it? 单心室患者的肺血管疾病:真的是肺动脉高压吗?如果是,我们应该如何以及何时治疗?
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088X-18.1.14
Stephanie S. Handler, J. Feinstein
Despite significant improvements in the surgical and postoperative care for patients with single-ventricle physiology culminating in the Fontan circulation, significant late morbidity and mortality remains. In the setting of passive (ie, non-“pump” driven) pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) plays a key role in determining cardiac output, and even slight elevations in PVR may result in significant morbidity. There is now great interest to treat Fontan patients with pulmonary vasodilators in an attempt to “optimize” PVR (and by extension, quality of life) and/or improve an elevated PVR. This review discusses the hemodynamic implications of the Fontan circulation, the evidence for use of pulmonary vasodilator therapy, and possible target physiologic mechanisms.
尽管单心室生理学患者的手术和术后护理有了显著改善,最终达到Fontan循环,但晚期发病率和死亡率仍然很高。在被动(即非“泵”驱动)肺血流的情况下,肺血管阻力(PVR)在决定心输出量方面起着关键作用,即使PVR略有升高也可能导致显著的发病率。现在人们对用肺血管舒张剂治疗Fontan患者非常感兴趣,试图“优化”PVR(进而提高生活质量)和/或改善升高的PVR。这篇综述讨论了Fontan循环的血液动力学意义,使用肺血管舒张剂治疗的证据,以及可能的靶生理机制。
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引用次数: 2
PH Grand Rounds: Interferon-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension PH大循环:干扰素相关性肺动脉高压
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088X-17.3.123
F. Shah, A. Duarte
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引用次数: 0
Ask the Expert: What Is the Association Between Thyroid Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension: Do Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients Need a Closer Look? 问专家:甲状腺疾病和肺动脉高压之间的关系是什么?肺动脉高压患者需要仔细观察吗?
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088X-17.3.121
S. Studer, C. King, O. Shlobin
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引用次数: 0
Metabolomic Insights in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 肺动脉高压的代谢组学研究
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088X-17.3.103
C. Rhodes, J. Wharton, M. Wilkins
Christopher J. Rhodes, PhD Centre for Pharmacology & Therapeutics Department of Medicine Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London London, UK John Wharton, PhD Centre for Pharmacology & Therapeutics Department of Medicine Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London London, UK Martin R. Wilkins, MD, FRCP Centre for Pharmacology & Therapeutics Department of Medicine Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London London, UK
Christopher J. Rhodes,英国伦敦帝国理工学院哈默史密斯校区药理学与治疗学博士中心John Wharton,英国伦敦帝国理工学院哈默史密斯校区药理学与治疗学博士中心Martin R. Wilkins,医学博士,英国伦敦帝国理工学院哈默史密斯校区药理学与治疗学FRCP中心
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引用次数: 2
PH Professional Network: The Burden of Prior Authorization for Pulmonary Hypertension Medications: A Practical Guide for Managing the Process PH专业网络:肺动脉高压药物事先授权的负担:管理过程的实用指南
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088X-17.3.126
Traci Housten, Anna M. Brown
Medications for pulmonary hypertension (PH) are expensive and often require prior authorization from insurance payers. The task of submitting prior authorization requests and appealing denials can burden PH practices with a heavy workload and delay or interrupt medical treatment. However, it is possible to reduce this burden, improve success rates, and reduce waiting times by implementing a standard office workflow for managing the prior authorization process. Such a system involves several key components: assessment of existing staff and level of expertise; dedicated office staff to oversee the process from start to finish; streamlined gathering, storage, and transmittal of patient documents; direct communication with pharmacies and Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy programs; and careful documentation of PH diagnosis and treatment plans for a given patient, aimed at reducing the necessity for appeals. This article reviews prior authorization strategies and systems used at PH clinics, and case studies in other therapeutic areas that demonstrate how such systems can reduce staff time and waiting time for initiation of medications while improving the rate of success. The article also describes the special challenges of requesting prior authorization for PH medications prescribed to pediatric patients.
治疗肺动脉高压(PH)的药物价格昂贵,通常需要事先获得保险支付人的授权。提交事先授权请求和对拒绝提出上诉的任务可能会给PH诊所带来沉重的工作量,并延误或中断医疗。然而,通过实施用于管理事先授权流程的标准办公室工作流程,可以减轻这种负担,提高成功率,并减少等待时间。这一系统涉及几个关键组成部分:对现有工作人员和专业知识水平的评估;专职办公室工作人员自始至终监督这一过程;简化患者文件的收集、存储和传输;与药店和风险评估缓解战略项目的直接沟通;仔细记录特定患者的PH诊断和治疗计划,以减少上诉的必要性。本文回顾了PH诊所使用的事先授权策略和系统,以及其他治疗领域的案例研究,这些研究证明了这些系统如何在提高成功率的同时减少工作人员的时间和药物开始的等待时间。这篇文章还描述了为儿科患者开具的PH药物申请事先授权的特殊挑战。
{"title":"PH Professional Network: The Burden of Prior Authorization for Pulmonary Hypertension Medications: A Practical Guide for Managing the Process","authors":"Traci Housten, Anna M. Brown","doi":"10.21693/1933-088X-17.3.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21693/1933-088X-17.3.126","url":null,"abstract":"Medications for pulmonary hypertension (PH) are expensive and often require prior authorization from insurance payers. The task of submitting prior authorization requests and appealing denials can burden PH practices with a heavy workload and delay or interrupt medical treatment. However, it is possible to reduce this burden, improve success rates, and reduce waiting times by implementing a standard office workflow for managing the prior authorization process. Such a system involves several key components: assessment of existing staff and level of expertise; dedicated office staff to oversee the process from start to finish; streamlined gathering, storage, and transmittal of patient documents; direct communication with pharmacies and Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy programs; and careful documentation of PH diagnosis and treatment plans for a given patient, aimed at reducing the necessity for appeals. This article reviews prior authorization strategies and systems used at PH clinics, and case studies in other therapeutic areas that demonstrate how such systems can reduce staff time and waiting time for initiation of medications while improving the rate of success. The article also describes the special challenges of requesting prior authorization for PH medications prescribed to pediatric patients.","PeriodicalId":92747,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pulmonary hypertension","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42289955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Clinical Trials Targeting Metabolism in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 针对肺动脉高压代谢的临床试验
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088X-17.3.110
E. Brittain
Metabolic derangement is a pathologic feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).1 Metabolic abnormalities such as aerobic glycolysis and impaired fatty acid oxidation are consistently observed across different animal models of PAH. Importantly, altered metabolism in human PAH and experimental models is not restricted to the pulmonary vasculature, raising the possibility that PAH is a systemic metabolic disease.2 For example, lipid accumulation is present in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of humans with PAH and the right ventricle exhibits increased glucose uptake compared with matched controls. As a result of these observations, targeting metabolic dysfunction has emerged as an important therapeutic approach for patients with PAH.3 This article will review key aspects of metabolism in PAH, existing metabolic data in humans, and will describe completed and ongoing clinical trials targeting metabolic dysfunction in patients with PAH.
代谢紊乱是肺动脉高压(PAH)的病理特征。1在不同的PAH动物模型中,一致观察到代谢异常,如有氧糖酵解和脂肪酸氧化受损。重要的是,人类PAH和实验模型中代谢的改变并不局限于肺血管系统,这增加了PAH是一种全身代谢性疾病的可能性。2例如,PAH患者的心肌和骨骼肌中存在脂质积聚,与匹配的对照组相比,右心室的葡萄糖摄取增加。由于这些观察结果,靶向代谢功能障碍已成为PAH患者的一种重要治疗方法。3本文将回顾PAH代谢的关键方面、人类现有的代谢数据,并将描述针对PAH患者代谢功能障碍的已完成和正在进行的临床试验。
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引用次数: 1
Pulmonary Hypertension Roundtable: Metabolic Disease and PH 肺动脉高压圆桌会议:代谢性疾病和PH值
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.21693/1933-088x-17.3.115
A. Hemnes, R. Zamanian
On June 20, 2018, Guest Editor Anna Ryan Hemnes, MD, gathered a group of pulmonary hypertension specialists by telephone to talk about the role of metabolic disease in PH. Among the participants in the animated discussion was Roham Zamanian, MD, Director of the Adult Pulmonary Hypertension Program at Stanford University Medical Center. He directs the Vera Moulton Wall Center clinical database and biobank and focuses his research on clinical characterization and impact of novel risk factors such as methamphetamine use, and biomarkers such as insulin resistance in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Readers will recall his participation in the previous issue's roundtable on drug-induced PH. Joining Dr Zamanian were Ioana Preston, MD, Pulmonary Function Lab Director; Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Center; and Associate Professor, Tufts University School of Medicine; and Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension editor-in-chief Harrison W. Farber, MD.
2018年6月20日,客座编辑Anna Ryan Hemnes医学博士通过电话召集了一群肺动脉高压专家,讨论代谢性疾病在ph中的作用。斯坦福大学医学中心成人肺动脉高压项目主任Roham Zamanian医学博士参与了热烈的讨论。他指导维拉莫尔顿沃尔中心临床数据库和生物库,并专注于临床特征和新风险因素的影响,如甲基苯丙胺的使用,以及肺动脉高压中的胰岛素抵抗等生物标志物。读者还记得他参加了上期关于药物诱导博士的圆桌会议。与Zamanian博士一起参加会议的有肺功能实验室主任Ioana Preston医学博士;肺动脉高压中心主任;塔夫茨大学医学院副教授;《肺动脉高压进展》杂志主编Harrison W. Farber,医学博士。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Advances in pulmonary hypertension
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