Pub Date : 2016-08-10DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.110
Veronica Bravi, M. Armeni, S. D’Emidio, M. Leggio
wellbeing and moreover in perception of negative emotions such as depression and anxiety and of chest and/or low back pain with a consequent significant reduction in drug usage. A specific osteopathic manipulative treatment protocol addressing such potential sequelae of surgical procedures via a median sternotomy approach could potentially represent a very useful and cost-effective therapeutic approach and may be considered as a valid treatment option in these patients.
{"title":"SHORT-TERM QUALITY-OF-LIFE IMPROVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MEDIAN STERNOTOMY: A BRIEF REVIEW ABOUT OSTEOPATHIC MANIPULATIVE TREATMENT.","authors":"Veronica Bravi, M. Armeni, S. D’Emidio, M. Leggio","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.110","url":null,"abstract":"wellbeing and moreover in perception of negative emotions such as depression and anxiety and of chest and/or low back pain with a consequent significant reduction in drug usage. A specific osteopathic manipulative treatment protocol addressing such potential sequelae of surgical procedures via a median sternotomy approach could potentially represent a very useful and cost-effective therapeutic approach and may be considered as a valid treatment option in these patients.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"88 1","pages":"571-574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83986565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-10DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-1
A. A. Porto, Vinícius Koti Kamada, Letícia Santana de Oliveira, Joana Zambrano Chambrone, D. Garner, V. Valenti
INTRODUCTION: Recently, many new ways of physical training focusing on health promotion and higher performance have been articulated. So, high intensity training has been spotlighted as the best way to improve physical aptitude and to optimize cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions. We intended to describe high intensity training protocols and their effects on cardiac autonomic regulation. METHODS: The studies were selected in the databases PubMed, Medline, Scielo and Lilacs. The keywords cited were: Exercise, Autonomic Nervous System, Cardiovascular System, which were defined based on the MeSH. RESULTS: The selected articles presented vagal withdrawal and increase in the sympathetic modulation during the exercise protocols. It highlighted cardiovascular overload and thus, increases in arterial pressure and heart rate, improving cardiovascular endurance over time. CONCLUSION: The practice of exercise affects the cardiac autonomic modulation according to the level of intensity and volume advocated.
{"title":"Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and High–Intensity Exercise","authors":"A. A. Porto, Vinícius Koti Kamada, Letícia Santana de Oliveira, Joana Zambrano Chambrone, D. Garner, V. Valenti","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-1","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Recently, many new ways of physical training focusing on health promotion and higher performance have been articulated. So, high intensity training has been spotlighted as the best way to improve physical aptitude and to optimize cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions. We intended to describe high intensity training protocols and their effects on cardiac autonomic regulation. METHODS: The studies were selected in the databases PubMed, Medline, Scielo and Lilacs. The keywords cited were: Exercise, Autonomic Nervous System, Cardiovascular System, which were defined based on the MeSH. RESULTS: The selected articles presented vagal withdrawal and increase in the sympathetic modulation during the exercise protocols. It highlighted cardiovascular overload and thus, increases in arterial pressure and heart rate, improving cardiovascular endurance over time. CONCLUSION: The practice of exercise affects the cardiac autonomic modulation according to the level of intensity and volume advocated.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"48 1","pages":"515-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86333241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-10DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-4
M. Godoy
The traditional techniques for Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis in time and frequency domains are often not sufficient to characterize the complex dynamics of the heartbeat, since the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular regulation probably interact with each other in a nonlinear manner. There are already dozens of techniques for non-linear evaluation of HRV. However, until now, systematic studies of large groups of patients using this approach have not been conducted. We present the current state of knowledge in this area based on nonlinear variables more prevalent in existing publications. It can be concluded that the analysis of HRV in the nonlinear domain provides very useful information to characterize the appropriate autonomic balance and is a more reliable marker of complications and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Nonlinear Analysis of Heart Rate Variability: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"M. Godoy","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-4","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional techniques for Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis in time and frequency domains are often not sufficient to characterize the complex dynamics of the heartbeat, since the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular regulation probably interact with each other in a nonlinear manner. There are already dozens of techniques for non-linear evaluation of HRV. However, until now, systematic studies of large groups of patients using this approach have not been conducted. We present the current state of knowledge in this area based on nonlinear variables more prevalent in existing publications. It can be concluded that the analysis of HRV in the nonlinear domain provides very useful information to characterize the appropriate autonomic balance and is a more reliable marker of complications and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"72 1","pages":"528-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89468166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-10DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-3
R. L. Gomes, L. A. Gonzaga, Joana Zambrano Chambrone, L. C. Vanderlei, V. Valenti
INTRODUCTION: It was observed that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we described the relationship between musical auditory stimulation and heart rate variability (HR). METHOD: Searches were performed with the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: "Music," "autonomic nervous system", "sympathetic nervous system", "parasympathetic nervous system", "heart rate" and "ECG". RESULTS: Some studies showed that relaxant music acutely increase HRV through spectral analysis, while others reported that exciting music reduces global HRV. CONCLUSION: Music present acute responses that may be different depending on the style.
{"title":"Heart Rate Variability and Acute Musical Auditory Stimulation","authors":"R. L. Gomes, L. A. Gonzaga, Joana Zambrano Chambrone, L. C. Vanderlei, V. Valenti","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-3","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: It was observed that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we described the relationship between musical auditory stimulation and heart rate variability (HR). METHOD: Searches were performed with the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: \"Music,\" \"autonomic nervous system\", \"sympathetic nervous system\", \"parasympathetic nervous system\", \"heart rate\" and \"ECG\". RESULTS: Some studies showed that relaxant music acutely increase HRV through spectral analysis, while others reported that exciting music reduces global HRV. CONCLUSION: Music present acute responses that may be different depending on the style.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"46 1","pages":"524-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80463230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-10DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-5
Cristiano José da Silva, E. Chagas, P. Rodrigues, V. Valenti, R. J. Quitério
We performed a review of acute and chronic effects of resistance training on the heart rate and cardiac autonomic regulation in the elderly. A systematic review of the literature was performed in June 2015 using MEDLINE, COCHRANE LIBRARY and PUBMED databases. The following combination of keywords, followed by the Clinical Trial filters, Humans, English, and Age ≥ 45 years were used for search of relevant manuscripts: Heart rate variability and exercise (259 articles); Heart rate variability and exercise and elderly (259 articles); Heart rate and Resistance training and elderly (170 articles); Heart rate variability and Resistance training (22 articles); Heart rate variability and Resistance training and elderly (22 articles); Cardiac autonomic modulation and Resistance training and elderly (8 articles). We reported that although some results did not point to benefic chronic effects of resistance exercise on HRV, others presented different data.
{"title":"Resistance Training and Autonomic Modulation in the Elderly","authors":"Cristiano José da Silva, E. Chagas, P. Rodrigues, V. Valenti, R. J. Quitério","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101-5","url":null,"abstract":"We performed a review of acute and chronic effects of resistance training on the heart rate and cardiac autonomic regulation in the elderly. A systematic review of the literature was performed in June 2015 using MEDLINE, COCHRANE LIBRARY and PUBMED databases. The following combination of keywords, followed by the Clinical Trial filters, Humans, English, and Age ≥ 45 years were used for search of relevant manuscripts: Heart rate variability and exercise (259 articles); Heart rate variability and exercise and elderly (259 articles); Heart rate and Resistance training and elderly (170 articles); Heart rate variability and Resistance training (22 articles); Heart rate variability and Resistance training and elderly (22 articles); Cardiac autonomic modulation and Resistance training and elderly (8 articles). We reported that although some results did not point to benefic chronic effects of resistance exercise on HRV, others presented different data.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"50 4","pages":"534-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91435864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-10DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101
V. Valenti
This special number of the Journal of Cardiology and Therapy discuss cardiac autonomic regulation in different conditions specifically analyzed through heart rate variability (HRV), which evaluates instantaneous oscillations in heart period over time.
{"title":"The Use of Heart Rate Variability in Physiology","authors":"V. Valenti","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.101","url":null,"abstract":"This special number of the Journal of Cardiology and Therapy discuss cardiac autonomic regulation in different conditions specifically analyzed through heart rate variability (HRV), which evaluates instantaneous oscillations in heart period over time.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"32 1","pages":"513-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82451357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-23DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.104
M. Owlia
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an increasing clinical diagnosis in daily practice. ACS is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rate if left untreated. The better-known risk factors for ACS are dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension2 and coronary vasospasm. Coronary vasculitis is the least appreciated cause of ACS that is subject to neglect among clinicians. Coronary vasculitis (CV) may occur as a single organ vasculitis (SOV) or in the context of specific systemic vasculitides. CV may be the initial presentation of specific systemic vasculitis. Current concept indicates the “worse prognosis” in myocardial infarction associated with elevated acute phase reactants, while these could be the critical point in missed-diagnosis of occult coronary vasculitis as classic cases with atherosclerosis of coronary vessels as the culprit mechanism. We suppose that if elevated CRP/ ESR be due to inflammatory process within the vessel wall, then a classic approach of anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy or primary coronary angioplasty paradoxically could be dangerous13 and, vice versa, different look with using glucocorticoids could be lifesaving, the medication that later on proved that can improve prognosis in ACS and MI. So, with increasing prevalence of acute coronary syndromes in younger people, the possibility of underestimating coronary vasculitis is potentiated and emphasizing only on classic and common risk factors of ACS is not prudent.
{"title":"Is Acute Coronary Syndrome Secondary to Coronary Vasculitis Underestimated in Daily Cardiology Practice","authors":"M. Owlia","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.104","url":null,"abstract":"Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an increasing clinical diagnosis in daily practice. ACS is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rate if left untreated. The better-known risk factors for ACS are dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension2 and coronary vasospasm. Coronary vasculitis is the least appreciated cause of ACS that is subject to neglect among clinicians. Coronary vasculitis (CV) may occur as a single organ vasculitis (SOV) or in the context of specific systemic vasculitides. CV may be the initial presentation of specific systemic vasculitis. Current concept indicates the “worse prognosis” in myocardial infarction associated with elevated acute phase reactants, while these could be the critical point in missed-diagnosis of occult coronary vasculitis as classic cases with atherosclerosis of coronary vessels as the culprit mechanism. We suppose that if elevated CRP/ ESR be due to inflammatory process within the vessel wall, then a classic approach of anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy or primary coronary angioplasty paradoxically could be dangerous13 and, vice versa, different look with using glucocorticoids could be lifesaving, the medication that later on proved that can improve prognosis in ACS and MI. So, with increasing prevalence of acute coronary syndromes in younger people, the possibility of underestimating coronary vasculitis is potentiated and emphasizing only on classic and common risk factors of ACS is not prudent.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"20 1","pages":"504-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87862388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-23DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.117
C. Rostagno
Advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques associated with closer perioperative monitoring appear to allow non-cardiac elective surgical procedures possible with acceptable risk in patients with severe aortic stenosis. A correct diagnosis of the severity of aortic stenosis is mandatory in preoperative evaluation of these patients. Recent published data suggest that at least for “asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis” patients with preserved LV systolic function and no other significant valvular pathology, a reappraisal of the grading of the severity of AS in general and reassessment of perioperative risk during elective non-cardiac surgery is needed.
{"title":"Aortic Stenosis and Non-Cardiac Surgery","authors":"C. Rostagno","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2016.03.117","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques associated with closer perioperative monitoring appear to allow non-cardiac elective surgical procedures possible with acceptable risk in patients with severe aortic stenosis. A correct diagnosis of the severity of aortic stenosis is mandatory in preoperative evaluation of these patients. Recent published data suggest that at least for “asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis” patients with preserved LV systolic function and no other significant valvular pathology, a reappraisal of the grading of the severity of AS in general and reassessment of perioperative risk during elective non-cardiac surgery is needed.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"44 1","pages":"508-512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88167361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-14DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2015.03.112
Mariama Akodad, F. Hammer, S. Aguilhon, J. Cristol, F. Leclercq, J. Macia, R. Gervasoni, B. Lattuca, A. Dupuy, F. Roubille
Aims: To evaluate if transradial diagnostic coronary angiogram by itself could lead to a systemic inflammation. Methods: In 96 patients with baseline hs-CRP level <5 mg/L, venous samples were obtained the day before the procedure and the day after. Coronary angiogram was performed with 4, 5 or 6 French radial access catheters. Results: Mean hs-CRP at admission was 2.3 mg/L ± 1.4. At day 2, the mean CRP level was 2.7 mg/L±1.9, with a 0.4 mg/L (17%) statistically significant elevation, p<0.0001. No radial access complication (thrombosis or hematoma) occurred. The variation of hs-CRP was positively correlated with age (r=0.20; p=0.04), elevation of creatin kinase (r=0.20; p=0.03) and negatively with amount of contrast (r=0.20; p=0.03). Conclusion: In patients with diagnostic coronary angiogram performed through radial access, there is a statistically significant elevation of the biological inflammatory response, whose clinical significance remains elusive.
{"title":"Systemic Inflammation after Transradial Coronary Angiogram: Statistically (But Not Clinically) Significant?","authors":"Mariama Akodad, F. Hammer, S. Aguilhon, J. Cristol, F. Leclercq, J. Macia, R. Gervasoni, B. Lattuca, A. Dupuy, F. Roubille","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2015.03.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2015.03.112","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate if transradial diagnostic coronary angiogram by itself could lead to a systemic inflammation. Methods: In 96 patients with baseline hs-CRP level <5 mg/L, venous samples were obtained the day before the procedure and the day after. Coronary angiogram was performed with 4, 5 or 6 French radial access catheters. Results: Mean hs-CRP at admission was 2.3 mg/L ± 1.4. At day 2, the mean CRP level was 2.7 mg/L±1.9, with a 0.4 mg/L (17%) statistically significant elevation, p<0.0001. No radial access complication (thrombosis or hematoma) occurred. The variation of hs-CRP was positively correlated with age (r=0.20; p=0.04), elevation of creatin kinase (r=0.20; p=0.03) and negatively with amount of contrast (r=0.20; p=0.03). Conclusion: In patients with diagnostic coronary angiogram performed through radial access, there is a statistically significant elevation of the biological inflammatory response, whose clinical significance remains elusive.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"53 1","pages":"495-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84383567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-14DOI: 10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2015.03.107
A. Leone
A great number of studies have undoubtedly demonstrated that cardiovascular damage from cigarette smoking cannot be denied, although some controversies on the topic still exist. The damage to the heart and blood vessels is initially characterized by transient functional alterations consisting of endothelial dysfunction, reduced exercise tolerance, increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate following acute exposure. On the contrary, chronic exposure to smoking develops, at the time, firstly reversible and, then, irreversible lesions mainly involving myocardium with an ischemic damage and smoke cardiomyopathy as well as coronary, carotid and cerebral arteries, which display atherosclerotic pathology. The analysis of the epidemiological studies on cardiovascular damage support the controversies on the effects of smoking, because not the same alterations are sometimes observed in different studies on the topic. However, when standardized experimental procedures are followed, the same alterations are clearly reproduced showing that cardiovascular damage from cigarette smoking cannot be denied.
{"title":"Current and Controversial Features of Cardiovascular Damage from Cigarette Smoking","authors":"A. Leone","doi":"10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2015.03.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/J.ISSN.2309-6861.2015.03.107","url":null,"abstract":"A great number of studies have undoubtedly demonstrated that cardiovascular damage from cigarette smoking cannot be denied, although some controversies on the topic still exist. The damage to the heart and blood vessels is initially characterized by transient functional alterations consisting of endothelial dysfunction, reduced exercise tolerance, increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate following acute exposure. On the contrary, chronic exposure to smoking develops, at the time, firstly reversible and, then, irreversible lesions mainly involving myocardium with an ischemic damage and smoke cardiomyopathy as well as coronary, carotid and cerebral arteries, which display atherosclerotic pathology. The analysis of the epidemiological studies on cardiovascular damage support the controversies on the effects of smoking, because not the same alterations are sometimes observed in different studies on the topic. However, when standardized experimental procedures are followed, the same alterations are clearly reproduced showing that cardiovascular damage from cigarette smoking cannot be denied.","PeriodicalId":92802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular therapy","volume":"11 1","pages":"469-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80888725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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